Individual social relationships can be examined as an explanation for patterns of variation by counting the ties between speakers according to relevant social network clusters such as family, neighborhood, employment, religion and friendships.

Differences across age groups are also important factor for language variety.

Linguistic differences related to gender may also be the result of power differentials in society associated with gender roles.

It can be expressed linguistically either by the use of different languages or by means of phonological or grammatical distinctions among varieties in the same language.

The degree of the persistence and retention of ethnic languages and dialects.

Which of the following is NOT variables for language varieties?

The designated semi-official language for the purpose of communicating within the group where there is social and commercial interaction between groups of people who speak different languages.

A rudimentary language with minimal grammatical rules and small lexicon; usually created in contact situations where speakers have restricted access to each other’s language.

The instance when a pidgin has become a speaker’s first language; it is formed from two or more languages which has developed into pidgin but is adopted as the native language of the new community.

In bilingual speech communities, speakers will often adopt a speech variety which involves alternation between languages

This is the evidence that the grammatical systems of languages in a language mixture are in operation during this alternation.

When it comes to language variation, the terms _______, ________ and _______ are often encountered.

He defines register as “a variety of language defined according to its use in social situations” e.g. register of scientific, religious, formal English.

It refers to the degree of formality attached to a particular interpersonal social situation which is reflected by differences in language.

It refers to the degree of formality attached to a particular interpersonal social situation which is reflected by differences in language.

What is NOT a genre recipe?

It refers to the formality of language which one speaks.

It is used then is used in formal speaking and writing situations.

It is the means by which the information is expressed verbally and/or nonverbally.

The concerned with “everything that can be taken as a sign”. It involves “the study not only of what we refer to as signs in everyday speech, but of anything ‘which stands for’ something else.

The relationship between the signifier and the signified is referred to as the __________.

A term borrowed from Charles Sanders Pierce, is the process by which culture produces signs and/or assigns meaning to signs,

He is Swiss linguist, explains that every “sign” (symbol) has two main concepts: the SIGNIFIER and the SIGNIFIED

It may be an object, a word or an image that represents a concept.

It refers to the concept which the signifier refers to this would be the meaning that is drawn by the receiver of the sign.

It is variety of English that is considered most suitable for formal occasion.

It is a variety of language that has greatly diverged from the standard form, is only considered suitable for very informal contexts by speakers, it digresses thoroughly from it and comes closest to the pidgin.

It is a variety of speech that is midway between the acrolect and the basilect.

Be particularly mindful of Filipinisms which are ___________________________ (new additional meanings to common words).

New forms for meanings already indicated by other words or phrases.

It involves studying and evaluating the text closely in terms of relevance, validity and logic.

A critical reader....

It is an “assemblage of signs (such as words, images, sounds and/or gestures) constructed (and interpreted) with reference to the conventions associated with a genre and in particular medium of communication (such as verbal, nonverbal, or both)”.

It is used in a variety of ways. It may include such broad categories as speech and writing or print or broadcasting, or relate to specific technical forms within the mass media (radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, photographs, films and records) or the media of interpersonal communication (telephone, letter, fax, video conferencing, computer-based chat systems).

As students, you are required to compose oral and written texts and to best create and produce a quality text, you need to consider the __________, its ___________, and ____________________. The three factors have implications for the structure, language, and presentation of the text.

It refers to how the information is organized.

Defined as the “development and/or production of spoken, written or multimodal texts in print or digital forms” and is a embedded literacy expectation across all disciplines.

Defined as the strategic use of two or more communication modes to make meaning, for example image, gesture, music, spoken language and written language.

Choose all the facts about multimodal text.

Where the story is told “using multiple delivery channels” through a combination of media platforms, for example, book, comic, magazine, film, web series, and video game mediums all working as part of the same story.

Pick all the print-based multimodal texts.

An overview of the production stages in creating a multimodal text.

Provides links to a wealth of digital audio and image resources which can be used under creative common licensing.

Provides information about how to ethically source and use digital materials responsibly

Explore the key meaning making systems one can use to create meaning.

Provides a brief guide to teaching creating multimodal texts.

Provides a closer look at one of the key meaning making modes.

Provides resources for deconstructing and analyzing how different modal systems work to create meaning in a text.

It is more than just multiple media platforms. It is about the logical relations between these media extensions, which seek to add something to the story as it moves from one medium to another, not just adaptation or retelling.

It is an example of a transmedia narrative in which the audience follows the characters and situations across media.

It refers to the type of communication that uses technology to simultaneously reach a wide audience.

Five semiotic systems: Vocabulary, generic structure and the grammar of oral and written language.

Five semiotic systems: color, vectors, and viewpoint in still and moving images.

Five semiotic system: volume, pitch and rhythm of music and sound effects.

Five semiotic system: movement, speed, stillness in facial expression ang body language.

Five semiotic system: proximity, direction, position of layout and organization of objects in space.

Multimodal texts which can be delivered via different media or technologies, are:

A __________ is a document connected to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the Internet who has a web browser.

A _______________ or simply “browser” is an application (such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Apple Safari) used to access and view websites.

It does not only pertain to differing languages. It may also be in the form of a cultural practice or even a bodily gesture.

This is generally referred to as any human symbolic interaction that takes place through digitally-based technologies

It simply means that the information contained in sounds, images and procedures is converted into combinations of the digits one and zero.

Generally has precise meanings and precise beginnings and endings.

Those that send and translate symbols using only our bodies and minds such as spoken words, gestures, posture and all other verbal, nonverbal and listening processes.

Those devices that translate, amplify or otherwise alter the information in these natural media.

The most commonly used forms of CMC are:

Is the extent to which a medium represents all the information available in the original message

Is the extent a medium allows communicators to feel like they are in the physical space of another.

Is the extent to which parties can communicate simultaneously in response to each other’s messages.

Is the extent to which a medium represents the nonverbal and emotional content of messages.

It is the extent to which messages sent through the medium are publicly accessible.

The first programmable computer, it was unveiled 1946. It was 110 feet tall and 150 feet wide. It costs millions of dollars and executed about 5000 operations per second.

The most significant challenges to competence in mediated communication are __________ and __________.

Is the extent to which a user understands many types of options in these media are available.

Is the extent to which a user understands how to use the media.

How many different types of communication media a person has to access. You can own a pager, cellular phone, and a computer but not be able to afford access to an Internet service provider.

Refers to your access to various options available within a medium. You may have an Internet service provided but a dial-up connection too slow to allow full access to the content available on the network

It is the feeling of having more media content and access to and from people than we can process meaningfully.

Documents and presentations that incorporate any combination of different media types

Basic kinds of multimedia: Shapes, drawings, text or illustrations that are designed to move on the screen.

Basic kinds of multimedia: A visual outline or overview of a media or multimedia project in sequenced drawings or screens.

Basic kinds of multimedia: Audio and video broadcasts about a particular topic that can be downloaded to a computer or portable MP3 player.

Use light and exposure to create a reproduction or “picture” of what appears in the camera frame and then save this image onto film or digital storage device.

It refers generally to the density and number of pixels (dots on the screen) in an image file.

It works like a photocopier to save images onto a computer as a digital file.

Provide instant, portable access to the Web, email, audio and video programming, text documents, spreadsheets, maps, photographs, and other multimedia and information formats.

It is about connecting and communicating with friends, family and other people who share an interest (i.e. a network of people).

It is about using technology to turn communication into an interactive dialogue.

It can also be a target for others to steal personal information and identities and use them immorally.

Person who is acting responsibly when participating in social activities using the internet and digital technology.

It is a virtual community consisting of a group of people with common interest.

Relates to information which is accessible via newspapers, magazines, radio and television.

It relates to information and materials which are accessible via the internet. Using this is a way of transmitting information very quickly to a lot of people.

This is a succession of written posts about various topics, a bit like a diary.

It is a video version of a blog. The term going viral is often used when people spread the message that they have seen and it gets seen by thousands of people very quickly.