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1st Semester Final Exam 2021

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is heredity?
a)
A kind of genetic disorder
b)
The way DNA divides
c)
A trait you inherit from your parents
d)
The passing down of traits from parents to children
2.
What is the relationship between DNA and chromosomes?
a)
Chromosomes are made of DNA
b)
DNA is made of chromosomes
c)
DNA and chromosomes are the same thing.
d)
All of the above are correct
3.
How many pairs of chromosomes exist in each of your cells?
a)
10
b)
12
c)
23
d)
46
4.
Which of your body cells contain DNA?
a)
Only your reproductive cells, like egg or sperm
b)
Only your blood cells
c)
Only your bone cells
d)
Most all of the cells in your body
5.
Inherited traits are controlled by 
a)
genetic information in the genes
b)
the environment a baby is born into
c)
the nucleus and mitochondria
d)
none of the above
6.

In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.

a)

recessive

b)

dominant

c)

both

7.

T - tall and t = short

In the Punnett square, what belongs in the missing square?

a)

tt

b)

Tt

c)

TT

8.

G = green, g = yellow

The genotype for a yellow plant is...

a)

GG

b)

Gg

c)

gg

d)

all of the choices result in yellow

9.

In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Perform the following cross: Tt x Tt. What is the probability of producing a short plant?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

10.

Which of the following alleles is purebred recessive?

a)

Tt

b)

tt

c)

TT

11.

A trait controlled by a recessive allele only appears in the organism's phenotype ---

a)

if the organism is a hybrid.

b)

if the organism does not have any dominant alleles.

c)

if the organism is a purebred.

12.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
13.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous
d)
DNA
14.
Complex molecule that carries genetic information that defines an organism's traits. It is stored in the nucleus.
a)
DNA
b)
protein
c)
RNA
d)
glucose nucleic acid (GNA)
15.
Dominant alleles are represented by a:
a)
Male gene
b)
lowercase letter
c)
recessive trait
d)
capital letter
16.
Every living organism is made up of one or more cells
a)
True
b)
False
17.
A cell is...
a)
the basic unit of structure and function in living organism
b)
an organism
c)
a basic part of everything that we see
d)
found only in animals, not plants
18.
Which of the following are NOT found in animal cells
a)
chloroplasts and cytoplasm
b)
chloroplasts and cell wall
c)
cell wall and cell membrane
d)
mitochondria and nucleus
19.

Which statement was NOT included in cell theory?

a)

All living things are composed of cells.

b)

Living cells come only from other living cells.

c)

Each cell contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

d)

Cells are the smallest structure of living things that can perform the functions necessary for life.

20.

Which instrument is credited for helping scientists develop cell theory?

a)
b)
c)
d)
21.

This early cell theory scientist looked in a microscope and discovered "animalcules" in the gunk from his teeth and pond water.

a)

Schleiden

b)

Leeowenhoek

c)

Hooke

d)

Virchow

e)

Schwann

22.

Who discovered and named cells while looking at cork?

a)

Captain Hook

b)

Robert Hooke

c)

Matthais Schleiden

d)

Rudolf Virchow

23.

What was Schleiden convinced of?

a)

All plants are made of cells

b)

All animals are made of cells

c)

All cells are prokaryotic

d)

None of the above

24.

Who discovered that all cells come from other living cells and had research that lead to the last major principle of cell theory?

a)

Matthias Schleiden

b)

Theodore Schwann

c)

Robert Hooke

d)

Rudolf Virchow

25.

Who noted that all animals are made of cells and helped write the first two parts of cell theory?

a)

Rudolf Virchow

b)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

c)

Theodor Schwann

d)

Robert Hooke

26.

These three scientists together helped come up with the second part of the cell theory (all living things are made of one or more cells). CHOOSE 3 ANSWERS

a)

Schleiden

b)

Leeowenhoek

c)

Hooke

d)

Virchow

e)

Schwann

27.

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things?

a)

atom

b)

cell

c)

bacteria

d)

animalcules

28.
A collection of the same kinds of cells working together to do the same job.
a)
cells
b)
tissues
c)
organs
d)
system
29.
The smallest units or parts of living things; the body's building blocks.
a)
cells
b)
organs
c)
tissues
d)
system
30.
Organs are body parts that have specific jobs.  Your body systems are made up of organs.
a)
true
b)
false
31.
Your body systems work separately and do not effect each other.
a)
true
b)
false
32.
Which of the following is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all life functions?
a)
the mitochondria
b)
the vacuoles
c)
the nucleus
d)
the cell
33.
Which structures are found in every living cell?
a)
cell membrane and cytoplasm
b)
chloroplasts and mitochondria
c)
a cell wall and nucleus
d)
chloroplasts and cell wall
34.
Which cell structure is found in plant and animals cells and controls what can come into or leave a cell?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cytoplasm
c)
nucleus
d)
vacuole
35.
Chloroplasts in plant cells allow the plant to perform a function that animal cells cannot do.  What is the main function of the chloroplasts found in plant cells?
a)
to absorb light energy and manufacture food
b)
to remove waste materials by active transport
c)
to manufacture chemical energy from food
d)
to control the shape of the cell
36.
All cells need energy to function.  Which cell organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?
a)
chloroplasts
b)
mitochondria
c)
nucleus
d)
vacuoles
37.
What is the function of a cell wall?
a)
to protect and support the cell
b)
to perform different functions in each cell
c)
to prevent water from passing through it
d)
to prevent oxygen from entering the cell
38.
In what part of the plant cell does the process of photosynthesis take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
chloroplasts
d)
vacuoles
39.
 Starch and water molecules in potato cells are stored in what organelle?
a)
mitochondria
b)
nucleus
c)
cell wall
d)
vacuole
40.
Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called ____________________.
a)
prokaryotes
b)
eukaryotes
c)
bacteria
d)
protists
41.
Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?
a)
cells must contain DNA 
b)
all living things are made from cells
c)
cells can only come from other cells
d)
cells are the basic unit of life
42.
He discovered that all plants are made of cells:
a)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b)
Theordor Schwann
c)
Robert Hooke
d)
Mattias Schleiden
43.

How many parents are required for asexual reproduction?

a)

none

b)

1

c)

2

d)

4

44.

How many parents are involved with sexual reproduction?

a)

none

b)

1

c)

2

d)

4

45.

Why do cells divide? Mark all the apply.

a)

to repair damaged cells

b)

to stop cancer cells

c)

to replace old or dead cells

d)

growth of organism

46.

Genetically identical offspring are _____________ the parent organism.

a)

opposite of

b)

clones of

c)

superior to

d)

inferior to

47.

If a sex cell has 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will there be after fertilization?

a)

5

b)

10

c)

15

d)

20

48.

What is an disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

a)

An organism can reproduce without a mate

b)

Some organisms can quickly produce a large number of offspring

c)

There is little genetic variation within a population

49.

A type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing offspring:

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

sexual reproduction

50.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

a)

18

b)

23

c)

26

d)

46

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