A dog retrieves the newspaper every day because in the past it received a food reward for this behavior. The dog’s behavior is an example of which of the following?

A four-year-old child frequently pulled on the dog’s tail to gain attention. To reduce this undesirable behavior, the parent took away one hour of television viewing every time the child pulled the dog’s tail. Within one week, the undesirable behavior was significantly reduced. The above scenario illustrates

A person eats a hamburger at a restaurant and develops a very bad stomachache after finishing eating. As a result of the sudden illness, the person cannot eat hamburgers anymore. Just thinking about them makes the person feel sick to the stomach. In this scenario, the thought of a hamburger is

A rat always completes a maze successfully but is only rewarded every third trial. The rat is being rewarded using which of the following reinforcement schedules?

According to social learning theory, aggression is the result of which of the following?

After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when

An individual’s fear of dogs that is lost as the individual is exposed to dogs in nonthreatening situations is referred to by behaviorists as a fear that has been

Edward L. Thorndike argued that responses that lead to satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated, and that responses followed by unpleasant outcomes are less likely to be repeated. This became known as the law of

For extinction to occur, which of the following must be true of the conditioned response (CR), the conditioned stimulus (CS), and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) ?

In a classic study, a group of rats learned to run through a maze to obtain food, and another group of rats explored the maze without receiving food. Some time later, the researcher compared the two groups of rats to determine if both groups would find the food at the end of the maze. According to the researcher, the untrained rats found the food at the end of the maze as quickly as the trained rats as a result of

Karl goes to see Dr. Norton to help him overcome his fear of cats. Karl’s fear began in childhood when he petted a cat and someone slammed a door. Every time Karl petted the cat, the door slammed. Now whenever Karl sees a cat, he becomes very anxious.

In the development of Karl’s fear of cats, what was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) ?

Carlos wants to lose weight but is having a hard time motivating himself to go to the gym after work because he enjoys watching movies after work instead. To increase his likelihood of going to the gym, Carlos should

Robert Rescorla’s contingency model of classical conditioning states that

Steve’s cat used to run away from loud music. Over time the cat stopped running away from the sound. Which of the following processes has occurred?

Suzie screamed at her little brother, and her mother yelled, “We do not yell in this house!” Suzie continues to yell at her brother despite her mother reprimanding her. Suzie’s behavior is best explained by

What do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer?

Classical conditioning is the type of learning in which a person links two or more stimuli and

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus

Superstitious behavior can be produced by

Which of the following psychologists would have been likely to say, “I do not care about the unconscious or hidden motives – I want to study behavior directly”?

The theorist who conducted pioneering research on latent learning and cognitive maps was

When Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor’s Chihuahua bit her ankle. Today, Lindsay is still terrified of Chihuahuas, but she likes all other types of dogs. Lindsay’s fear illustrates the process of:

Zach always tries to do his best during football drills at practice because he loves playing the sport.

After failing multiple quizzes and tests in his math class, Chris has stopped trying because he believes the situation is uncontrollable. This is an example of:

Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the shower becomes very hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, the person begins to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. This is an example of ...

Although people can acquire phobias to almost any object of situation, certain phobias (e.g., those to snakes, spiders, heights) are much more common than others. This finding can best be explained by which of the following concepts?

After seeing her parents give her brother a dollar for cleaning his room, Sarah begins cleaning her own room. Sarah's behavior demonstrates the concept of