WorksheetsPathophysiology Chapters 8 & 9
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 15mins
During the assessment of a client with heart failure, the nurse uses finger pressure to determine if edema is present in the lower extremities. When would the nurse document pitting edema?
Indentation is not present
The skin is thickened and hard.
The area is firm and discolored.
Indentation remains after the finger has been removed.
The effective circulating volume is the major regulator of water balance in the body. What else does it regulate?
Calcium
Sodium
Magnesium
Potassium
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps maintain ppropriate fluid levels in the body. ADH is released when there is a(n):
decreased blood osmolality
increased blood osmolality
ion gap
osmoreceptor decrease
When caring for a client with hyperkalemia, the nurse prioritizes assessment of which body system?
Hepatic
Cerebrovascular
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
Barbara has increased fluid retention related to her congestive heart failure. Her HCP would like to increase Barbara's fluid excretion. The most common method for increasing fluid excretion includes the use of:
angiotension
aldosterone
diuretics
aquaporins
When caring for a client with hyperkalemia, the nurse prioritizes assessment of which body system?
Hepatic
Cerebrovascular
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
When caring for the client with portal hypertension and ascites, which dietary intervention does the nurse suggest to prevent the progression of fluid accumulation?
Consume foods high in potassium.
Avoid dairy products.
Reduce protein intake
Limit intake of sodium.
The nurse is reviewing a client’s arterial blood gas (ABG) results. Which pH level would the nurse interpret as normal?
pH of 7.00 to 7.25
pH of 6.55 to 7.12
pH of 7.35 to 7.45
pH of 7.55 to 7.8
The nurse is caring for a client who has developed hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia. Which of these interventions does the nurse set as a priority intervention?
Rebreathing into a paper bag
Alternating deep breathing with holding one’s breath
Administration of supplemental oxygen
Rapid, short, shallow breaths
A potential problem that can occur as the potassium and hydrogen ion exchange attempt to amintain the ph balance is:
hypokalemia
hyperkalemia
hyponatremia
hypernatremia
What is the nurse’s expectation about a client’s ability to compensate for a metabolic blood gas disorder?
The client will not be able to compensate.
The client will compensate with the same system.
The client will compensate with the respiratory system.
The client’s breathing will slow down.
A client's most recent laboratory results suggest the presence of metabolic alkalosis. What action by the nurse best addresses a potential cause of this acid–base imbalance?
Administering an antiemetic to treat the client's frequent vomiting
Repositioning the client frequently to reduce pressure on dependent skin surfaces
Assessing the client's bowel sounds and administering scheduled stool softeners
Assessing the client's level of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale
The nurse is caring for a client who has excessive diarrhea. Which acid–base disturbance does the nurse anticipate uncovering during evaluation of the arterial blood gas?
No change in values from normal
An increase in bicarbonate
Metabolic acidosis
Increased pH value
A client has an increase in her anion gap (AG). What does the nurse determine is the significance of this finding?
It indicates the client has metabolic alkalosis.
It indicates the client has respiratory alkalosis.
It indicates the client has respiratory alkalosis.
It indicates the client has metabolic acidosis.
A nurse is providing care for several clients on an acute medicine unit. Which client should the nurse recognize as being at the highest risk for metabolic alkalosis?
A client on continuous nasogastric suction and whose hypertension is being treated with diuretics
A client in alcohol withdrawal who is being treated with intravenous anticonvulsants
A postoperative client who developed sepsis after the dehiscence of an abdominal wound
A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has developed tuberculosis and is receiving antibiotics
he nurse is reviewing lab results of a client diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. The most important electrolyte for the nurse to assess would be:
Magnesium (Mg2+)
Sodium (Na+)
Calcium (Ca2+)
Potassium (K+)
A heart failure client has become confused and took too many of his “water pills” (diuretics). On admission, his serum potassium level was 2.6 mEq/L (2.6 mmol/L). Which assessments correlate to this hypokalemia finding? Select all that apply.
Constipation
Polyuria
Bradycardia
Paresthesia with numbness of the lips/mouth
ECG showing short runs of ventricular fibrillation
For several years, a single mother of 2 has been averaging 2 to 3 bottles of wine each night and recently has added several ounces of brandy as well. She now has been diagnosed with cirrhosis. Which physical manifestations of cirrhosis would the nurse expect to find during assessment? Select all that apply.
Ascites
Obesity
Fever
Bleeding tendencies
Epigastric pain
The nurse is assessing a client with fluid volume deficit. Which manifestation of fluid volume deficit may be observed? Select all that apply.
Prolonged capillary refill
Bounding pulse
Sunken eyes
Decreased urine output
Increased blood pressure
A client is suspected of having the onset of alcoholic liver disease. The nurse should be assessing for which manifestation related to the necrosis of liver cells?
Tremors of the hands
Rapid onset of jaundice
Long muscle group atrophy
Development of multiple skin nodules
