A ______________ allele is usually a functional protein that completely masks other allele.

A ______________ allele is often a non-functional protein that is masked by the other allele.

A feature regulated by a set of genes (allele) passed on

from parents to offspring. Also called inherited traits.

Passing on traits from parents to offspring

The study of heredity

A genotype where only dominant alleles were passed on

from both parents for one trait

BB AA TT LL

A genotype where only recessive alleles

were passed on from both parents for one trait

bb aa tt ll

A genotype where one dominant and one recessive allele was passed on from both parents for one trait.

Bb Aa Tt Ll

The observable traits dictated by the genotype

During meiosis and gamete formation, homologous (paired up) alleles split up

During meiosis, the homologous pairs of chromosomes and the matching alleles are lined up independently.

Offspring are a mix of maternal genes and paternal genes.

This increases genetic variation.

The genetic cross between two parents for one trait:

Example BB x bb

B = dominant for brown

b = recessive for blue

Referring to the original parents.

First Filial (child) Generation: the offspring of P₁

Second Filial Generation: the offspring of F₁

The ratio of homozygous dominant to heterozygous

to homozygous recessive offspring

The ratio of phenotypes in a Punnett Square

The Italian monk/scientist who first discovered

the principles of genetics

What is the percentage of homozygous recessive offspring resulting from the cross between two heterozygous (carrier) parents.

Green peas are dominant (G) to yellow peas (g). What is the genotype for a hetereozygous offspring?

Which of the following is a heterozygous dominant genotype?

Dominant alleles are represented by a(n)

What percentage of the offspring will be heterozygous ?

A trait that is masked unless 2 copies are present is ________________________