WorksheetsBiology Final Exam Review 5
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 30mins
Which is an example of a response of the immune system to attack a specific pathogen?
A blood clot forms after the skin is cut or scraped.
Stomach acid kills bacteria that are swallowed along with food.
Antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of bacteria.
A cell makes viral proteins after viral DNA has been injected into it.
A virus called HIV causes AIDS, a deadly disease. How is an HIV infection different from infections of other, less harmful viruses?
HIV injects its DNA into a human cell.
HIV attacks cells of the immune system.
HIV takes over cell mechanisms very quickly and is never dormant.
HIV attacks cells of the respiratory system and circulatory system.
A gardener crosses a true-breeding tall tomato plant bearing red fruit with a true-breeding dwarf tomato plant with yellow fruit. In tomatoes, tall vine (T) is dominant to dwarf vine (t) and red fruit (R) is dominant to yellow fruit (r).
Assume that the two genes controlling the "tall vine" and "red fruit" traits are on two different pairs of chromosomes.
What are the expected phenotype ratios in the F2 generation?
9 tall vine/red fruit; 3 tall vine/yellow fruit; 3 dwarf vine/red fruit; 1 dwarf vine/yellow fruit
4 tall vine/red fruit; 3 tall vine/yellow fruit; 1 dwarf vine/red fruit
2 tall vine/red fruit; 4 tall vine/yellow fruit; 2 dwarf vine/yellow fruit
16 tall vine/red fruit; 9 tall vine/yellow fruit; 3 dwarf vine/red fruit; 1 dwarf vine/yellow fruit
A plant's stem lengths were graphed from the F1 generation. Seven categories of stem length phenotypes were observed.
What pattern of inheritance is suggested by the graph?
codominance
multiple alleles
polygenic inheritance
incomplete dominance
Western and Eastern meadowlarks look very similar and it is difficult to tell them apart, until they sing. Their mating songs are quite different. The Western meadowlark has a melodious song, whereas the song of the Eastern meadowlark sounds more like a whistle. Even though their ranges overlap in the central United States, they do not interbreed and are two different species. How would speciation most likely have occurred in these two species of meadowlarks?
Reproductive isolation occurred through behavioral isolation.
Reproductive isolation occurred through temporal isolation.
Populations were separated through geographical isolation.
Populations were separated through competition.
Corn plants cannot be separated into discrete types or classes by their height.
What does the graph show?
The graph shows the distribution of polygenic phenotypes that are expected for a trait in which two or more genes contribute to the trait.
The graph shows the distribution of corn plants from a monohybrid cross.
The graph shows the distribution of corn plants from a dihybrid cross.
The graph shows the distribution of single-gene phenotypes that are expected for a trait in which two or more dominant alleles control the trait.
A geneticist collected data of a population of mice. Of the 50 mice, 12 were homozygous black (BB), 24 were heterozygous black (Bb), and 14 were brown (bb).
What are the allele frequencies for the (B) and (b) alleles in this population?
B = 0.32; b = 0.68
B = 0.36; b = 0.64
B = 0.48; b = 0.52
B = 0.45; b = 0.55
Study the graph to see how grasshoppers of three different body colors survive predation by blue jays in a mostly green environment. Grasshopper numbers are shown before and after blue jays preyed on them.
Which statements are supported by the data in the table? Choose three correct answers.
If brown grasshoppers are more visible to blue jay predators in green environments, they might be less likely to reproduce, and the allele for brown color will be become less common.
If green grasshoppers are less visible to blue jay predators in green environments, they will be more likely to reproduce, and the allele frequency for green color will increase.
If natural selection produces changes in the allele frequencies of yellow-green grasshoppers in the green environment, there will be fewer of them.
If grasshoppers avoid an environment that matches their body color, they will be more likely to survive and reproduce successfully.
Incomplete dominance in snapdragons produces three phenotypes: red flowers (RR), white flowers (R'R'), and pink flowers (RR'). A population of snapdragons was determined to have eggs and sperm with the following allele frequencies: 0.25 (R) and 0.75 (R').
Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation (p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 and p + q = 1) to determine the flower color phenotype frequencies in the offspring of this population.
Red flowers = 0.0625; Pink flowers = 0.375; White flowers = 0.5625
Red flowers =0.375; Pink flowers = 0.0625; White flowers = 0.5625
Red flowers = 0.25; Pink flowers = 0.50; White flowers = 0.25
Red flowers = 0.225; Pink flowers = 0.625; White flowers d = 0.150
The molecular clock hypothesis states that DNA and protein sequence differences between any two species is proportional to the time since these species last shared a common ancestor.
How do molecular clocks mark time?
Molecular clocks mark time by mutations that tend to accumulate at the same rate in different species.
Molecular clocks mark time by DNA or protein sequence changes at a rate of 1% per 1 million years.
Molecular clocks mark time at a mutation rate of 2% per 5 million years.
Molecular clocks mark time by major mutations that are under natural selection pressure at different rates in different species.
Which of the following traits is most likely controlled by Hox genes during the development of a vertebrate embryo?
the formation of ribs
the gender of the embryo
the length of the neck
the number of limbs
If 35% of an organism's DNA is thymine, what is the percentage of guanine?
15%
35%
70%
50%
In chickens, the allele for feathered legs (F) is dominant over the allele for bare legs (f). In a population of chickens on a farm, 240 chickens have feathered legs (FF or Ff), and 80 chickens have bare legs (ff). How many chickens can be expected to be heterozygous for feathered legs (Ff)? Assume that the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium apply to the population.
40
80
160
200
Mice are common subjects for medical experiments because the responses of their body systems are very similar to human responses.
A scientist is planning an experiment to investigate homeostasis in mice. The steps of the procedure are listed below. The procedure involves mice that have not eaten for 24 hours.
1. Divide the mice into two groups, labeled A and B.
2. Take a blood sample from each mouse. Measure the levels of blood glucose and insulin.
3. Feed the mice in Group A a high-sugar food, such as candy bars. Do not feed the mice in Group B.
4. Repeat Step 2 of the procedure.
5. Repeat Step 2 again, every 5 minutes for 1 hour.
Which group of mice can be expected to show the higher blood insulin levels in Step 4?
Group A, because insulin stimulates cells to take up glucose from the blood.
Group A, because insulin helps the digestive system break apart sugars into glucose.
Group B, because insulin stimulates cells to release glucose into the blood.
Group B, because insulin is very high when blood sugar is low.
Paramecium is a single-celled protozoan. The graph shows a typical growth curve for a colony of Paramecium in a nutrient culture. Two Paramecium cells sometimes engage in a sexual process in which genetic materials are exchanged, but no new cells are produced.
Which additional observation would provides the strongest evidence that Paramecium reproduces asexually?
The cells in the colony are genetically different from one another.
The colony begins decreasing in number after Day 14.
The cells in the colony are genetically identical.
The cells in the colony become smaller over time.
Polio is a deadly viral disease that spreads either from direct contact with an infected individual or through contaminated water. Up until the 1950s, polio affected thousands of people every year in the United States and around the world. Then a vaccine against polio was developed and put into use. The line graph shows the effect of the vaccine on polio cases in the United States.
Based on the graph, what can be inferred about the way the polio vaccine reduced the number of cases of the disease?
The vaccine was administered to a few people, which sufficed to remove the virus from the environment.
The vaccine was added to public drinking water, where it attacked and destroyed the virus.
The vaccine was administered to a large percentage of the population, which effectively prevented infections of the polio virus.
The vaccine was administered to all parents, who passed the immunity to their children and the next generations.
Scientists are considering two hypotheses about the evolution of modern humans. One hypothesis holds that all humans descended from a common ancestor that lived between one and two million years ago and diversified into groups in Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australasia. The second hypothesis holds that Homo sapiens arose in Africa, and diversified 100,000 years ago into groups in Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australasia.
What is the first hypothesis called?
Multiregional Hypothesis
Out-of-Africa Hypothesis
Multigenerational Hypothesis
African Evolution Hypothesis
Scientists are considering two hypotheses about the evolution of modern humans. One hypothesis holds that all humans descended from a common ancestor that lived between one and two million years ago and diversified into groups in Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australasia. The second hypothesis holds that Homo sapiens arose in Africa, and diversified 100,000 years ago into groups in Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australasia.
What is the second hypothesis called?
Multiregional Hypothesis
Out-of-Africa Hypothesis
Multigenerational Hypothesis
African Evolution Hypothesis
The cladogram shown below represents the evolutionary relationship among five modern species, as well as five derived characters of the lineages. Although derived characters may be lost, none of the derived characters shown in the cladogram were lost in the five modern species.
Which statement describes the evolution of the trait of an amniotic egg?
The trait evolved in an ancient ancestor of salamanders, and was passed to lineages that lead to lizards and wallabies.
The trait evolved in an ancient ancestor of lizards and wallabies, and was passed to all of the ancestor's descendants.
The trait evolved separately in a variety of ancient organisms, including an ancestor of lizards and an ancestor of wallabies.
The trait evolved in an ancient species, and was passed only to lizards and wallabies.
The diagram describes a proposed evolutionary relationship among three ancient species, all of which were relatives of modern whales.
What evidence would MOST STRONGLY support the evolutionary relationship described in the diagram?
data from experiments on whale behavior
the number of fossil discoveries of each species
a comparison of the fossil skeletons of the species
a comparison of the ages of the fossils of each species
The diagram shows a model of DNA replication
Which of the following labels should NOT be added to the model?
DNA polymerase
Replication fork
RNA polymerase
Nitrogenous bases
The diagram shows the major organs of the male reproductive system and the female reproductive system.
Which describes a function that is completed by both of these systems?
Producing gametes (sperm and egg cells) that unite inside the female reproductive system.
Producing gametes (sperm and egg cells) that unite inside the male reproductive system.
Nourishing and protecting a developing embryo.
Removing nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the blood.
The result of the Hershey-Chase experiment was that radioactivity could be detected inside the bacterial cells when they were infected by bacteriophages marked with phosphorus-32.
What did the investigators conclude from this result?
Bacteriophages inject DNA into the bacterial cells.
Bacteriophages inject protein into the bacterial cells.
Bacteriophages inject carbohydrates into the bacterial cells.
Bacteriophage absorb DNA from bacterial cells.
The table describes the properties of four kingdoms. Several entries in the table are missing.
Which characteristic applies to all four kingdoms in the table?
cells without nuclei
cells with uniform, sphere-like shapes
cells with DNA stored in the cytoplasm
cells with nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles
What is the name of the process described in the diagram?
the pressure-osmosis system
the osmotic system
transpirations-roots system
the pressure-flow system
