A mutation may be passed along to human offspring:

In mitosis of a single cell, the nucleus

Before mitosis begins, a cell makes a copy of the DNA in the nucleus. What term is used to describe this process of making an exact copy of the DNA?

Before a cell can divide, it must copy its DNA one ___________ at a time in a process called DNA replication.

During the replication process, polymerase proofreads the DNA molecule so that few mistakes or ___________ occur.

During the process of cell division, both plant and animal cells:

When DNA is copied, sometimes an incorrect base-pairing appears within the structure of a new DNA molecule replacing original base pairs. This mistake is called a base-pair:

Which statement BEST describes how mutations are related to evolution?

DNA replication or repair occurs in a cell in all of the following situations, EXCEPT when:

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited genetic disorder caused by two copies of a defective recessive gene that causes:

Mary and William have freckles and curly red hair. All of their children, except one, also have freckles and curly red hair. Their son, Sam, has the same curly red hair but not one freckle! How can a child get a chromosome that is totally different from the original chromosomes of both parents?

A change in a sequence of DNA bases in a bacterial cell has resulted in a mutation. This mutation has increased the ability of the bacteria to break down and digest organic molecules in the environment. Bacteria with this mutation are better able to find and utilize food sources. According to the theory of natural selection, what is MOST likely to occur in future generations of this bacteria?

This is a picture of a blastula, a growing mass of cells all similar to that of the fertilized egg from which it all started. All but one of the statements are true concerning the blastula. The INCORRECT statement is:

This embryo began as a fertilized egg; two individual gametes joined to produce one diploid cell. What processes have been responsible for the development seen here, AFTER the egg is fertilized?

During the cell cycle, specifically G1 interphase, a cell must reach a sufficient size and produce enough ATP in order to:

Useful mutations become established much more quickly in a population of microorganisms, such as the cluster of E-coli bacteria shown here, than they do in humans. The MOST LIKELY reason for this is that microorganisms:

The graphic represents the different stages of the cell cycle. Specific genes within the DNA, called inhibitors, stop the cell cycle in G1 phase. This process helps to keep the DNA unaltered and the cells dividing at the correct rate. Certain chemicals in our environment may result in mutations of cells' DNA that in turn prevent the inhibitors from halting the cell cycle. If this happens, __________ may result.

Organisms that reproduce sexually receive genetic material from both parents when fertilization occurs. The development of the zygote into a multicellular organism is the result of:

Mitosis is responsible for growth, repair, and maintenance in an organism because:

With the exception of gametes, all new somatic (body) cells in all multicellular organisms are formed through the process of mitosis. What must occur with the DNA in the original cells in order for mitosis to make new cells?

What correctly shows the stages of cell division in plant body cells?

Before cell reproduction or mitosis can proceed, what is the correct sequence of steps that MUST first occur?

Cells undergo differentiation during embryonic development. An individual skin cell develops differently from a muscle cell because:

Why do some organisms reproduce asexually?

Cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. This process is controlled by:

Which mutation would NOT cause a change in an organism's phenotype?

This is a model of the cell cycle. During this cycle, cells grow and divide. This cycle is responsible for our growth, on a bigger scale. Imagine that you are sick and cannot eat. What will happen on the cellular level? Use the model to help you answer the question.

You are observing different tissue samples and classifying the cells into their respective stage in the cell cycle. Using what you know about cancer cells, which sample do you suspect contains cancer cells?

Cancerous tumors are characterized by abnormal cell division. Normal cells only divide when presented with an external stimulus and they stop dividing when they come into contact with like cells. Cancer cells do not exhibit contact inhibition and they bypass the normal checkpoints in the cell cycle that control and limit cell division. The ability of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells depends on its ability to halt cell division. Usually, cancer drugs work by damaging the RNA or DNA that tells the cell how to copy itself in division. If cancer cells are unable to divide, they die. The faster that cancer cells divide, the more likely it is that chemotherapy will kill the cells, causing the tumor to shrink. Unfortunately, chemotherapy does not know the difference between cancer cells and normal cells. When chemotherapy affects normal cells, side effects such as hair loss, mouth sores, low blood counts, and nausea can occur. Which statement provides the most accurate description of why these side effects are most commonly associated with chemotherapy?

The diagrams show different stages of cell division in the somatic (body) cells of a plant. The stages are not shown in order. Which statement correctly lists the order of the stages?