Light Energy into Electrical energy

Electrical energy into Heat Energy

Heat energy into electrical Energy

Electrical energy into Light Energy

High resistivity

High Melting point

Red hot condition for a long time without oxidation

High ductility

Effective resistance increases

Effective resistance decreases

Each resistor can be controlled separately

The flow of current through each resistor is equal

The potential difference obtained by each resistor is the same

Effective resistance increases

Effective resistance decreases

Each resistor can be controlled separately

The flow of current through each resistor is equal

The potential difference obtained by each resistor is the same

Tungsten is used as filament in an incandescent bulb

Nichrome is used as filament in an incandescent bulb

An alloy of tin and led was used in the safety fuse

The wires made by an alloy of tin and led have a high melting point

nickel

chromium

cobalt

tungsten

high melting point

low melting point

nickel

chromium

nichrome

tungsten

heating effect only.

chemical effect only.

magnetic effect only.

chemical, heating, and magnetic effects.

heating effect of electric current

magnetic effect of electric current

Lighting effect of electric current

Copper

Nichrome

Plastic

Wood

Tungsten is a heating element

Glass is good conductor of heat

Gas inside bulb heats up

Low current passes

More current passes

Current is passing constant

LED

Incandescent bulb

CFL

Melt down for no reason.

Stop electricity

Stop excessive electricity

At ordinary temperature and pressure, nitrogen behaves like an inert gas.

A small increase in temperature does not influence the expansion of nitrogen.

In the absence of air within the bulb, this gas behaves completely as an inert gas.

To produce white light

Power supply board

Electrode

filament

Nitrogen gas

Heat sink

 $H=\ I^2Rt$  

 $H=\frac{V^2}{R}t$  

 $H=VIt$  

$R=\frac{R_1+R_2}{R_1R_2}$

$\frac{1}{R}=\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}$

$R=R_1+R_2$