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Natural Selection, Mutations, and Phylogenetic Trees

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which statement is NOT part of the concept of natural

selection?

a)

Individuals that possess the most favorable variations will have the best chance of reproducing.

b)

Variation occurs among individuals in a population.

c)

More individuals are produced than will survive.

d)

If an organism has a bad trait, it will grow the new

one and be ok. This way everything can survive.

2.

The females of certain species of turtles will sneak into a nest of alligator eggs to lay their own eggs and then leave, never to return. When the baby turtles hatch, they automatically hide from the mother alligator guarding the nest and go to the nearest body of water when it is safe to do so. Which statement best explains the behavior of these baby turtles?

a)

More of the turtles' ancestors who acted in this way survived to reproduce, passing this behavioral trait to their offspring.

b)

The baby turtles are genetically identical, so they behave the same way.

c)

Turtles are not capable of evolving, so they repeat the same behaviors generation after generation.

d)

The baby turtles' ancestors who learned to behave this way taught the behaviors to their offspring

3.

Certain insects resemble the bark of the trees on which they live. Which statement provides a possible biological explanation for this resemblance?

a)

The insects needed camouflage so they developed protective coloration.

b)

Natural selection played a role in the development of this protective coloration.

c)

The lack of mutations resulted in the protective coloration.

d)

The trees caused mutations in the insects that resulted in protective coloration.

4.

The teeth of carnivores are pointed and are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. The teeth of herbivores are flat and are good for grinding and chewing. Which statement best explains these observations?

a)

Herbivores have evolved from carnivores.

b)

Carnivores have evolved from herbivores.

c)

The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of natural selection.

d)

The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of the needs of an organism.

5.

Natural selection and its evolutionary consequences provide a scientific explanation for each of the following except

a)

the fossil record

b)

protein and DNA similarities between different

organisms

c)

similar structures among different organisms

d)

a stable physical environment

6.

The graph shows the percent of variation for a

given trait in four different populations of the same

species. The populations inhabit similar environments.


In which population will the greatest number of

individuals most likely survive if a significant

environmental change related to this trait occurs?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

7.

The illustration shows an insect resting on

some green leaves.


The size, shape, and green color of this insect are

adaptations that would most likely help the insect to

a)

compete successfully with all birds

b)

make its own food

c)

hide from predators

d)

avoid toxic waste materials

8.

The diagram shows the effect of spraying a pesticide on a population of insects over three generations.


Which concept is represented in the diagram?

a)

survival of the fittest

b)

dynamic equilibrium

c)

succession

d)

extinction

9.

The diagram represents four different species of wild birds. Each species has feet with different structural adaptations.


The development of these adaptations can best be explained by the concept of

a)

inheritance of resistance to diseases that affect all these species

b)

inheritance of characteristics acquired after the birds hatched from the egg

c)

natural selection

d)

selective breeding

10.

Mutations are a change in what?

a)

DNA

b)

tRNA

c)

protein

d)

rRNA

11.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
12.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
13.

Which best describes the role of mutations in natural selection?

a)

Mutations help an organism to better survive in their environment

b)

An organism may acquire a helpful mutation by interacting with the environment

c)

A mutation may result in a beneficial trait that makes an organism more likely to survive and reproduce

d)

Organisms with certain traits are more likely to win competitions for mutations

14.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
15.
These moths are all the same species. The differences between their wings is an example of ________________
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Variation
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Extinction
16.

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

a)

Saurischian dinosaurs

b)

Ornithischian dinosaurs

c)

Crocodiles

d)

None of these are related to birds

17.

What number is the common ancestor of C and D

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

18.

Who is the closest relative to the brown bear?

a)

Giant panda

b)

Dog

c)

Lesser panda

d)

Sun bear

19.

According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to....

a)

Amphibians

b)

Rodents & rabbits

c)

Crocodiles

d)

Birds

20.


Which species are least likely to be vital parts of a present-day ecosystem?

a)

A and E

b)

C and D

c)

E and J

d)

B and F