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Unit III: Atoms Study Guide

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The "building blocks" of matter are:

a)

electrons

b)

atoms and molecules

c)

found only in the plasma state

d)

as of yet undiscovered

2.

What is the fundamental property of matter that can either be positive or negative?

a)

Charge

b)

Mass

c)

Magnetism

d)

Gravity

3.

Compared to protons, electrons have:

a)

much smaller mass and opposite charge

b)

about the same mass and opposite charge

c)

much larger mass and the same charge

d)

much larger mass and opposite charge

4.

Atomic number is:

a)

the number of electrons and protons in an atom

b)

the number of neutrons and protons in an atom

c)

the number of electrons in an atom

d)

the number of protons in an atom

5.

A particle with zero charge found in the nucleus of an atom is called a(n):

a)

electron

b)

proton

c)

neutron

d)

neutral

6.

The mass of an electron is about

a)

1800 times heavier than a proton

b)

1800 times lighter than a proton

c)

10,000 times heavier than a proton

d)

10,000 times lighter than a proton

7.

The letter e represents the elementary charge. In normal matter, the charge that would not be found is:

a)

+1e

b)

+2e

c)

+2.5e

d)

-2e

8.

Do any of the atom diagrams below represent atoms of the same element?

a)

No, they are all different elements

b)

Yes, atom A and atom B are the same element

c)

Yes, all of the atoms are the same element

d)

Yes, atom A and atom C are the same element

9.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about atoms?

a)

All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons, protons, and neutrons.

b)

Atoms of different elements may have different numbers of protons in the nucleus.

c)

All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons and protons, but may have different numbers of neutrons.

d)

The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons

10.

The diagrams below, in which arrows indicate the direction of movement, represent charged particles placed near one another. The diagram that correctly represents the motion of the charged particles is: (Hint: How to charges move on the periodic table?)

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

11.

Atoms of the same element may contain:

a)

the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons

b)

the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

c)

a different number of protons and a different number of neutrons

d)

the same number of electrons but a different number of protons

12.

Many models have been developed to explain the nature of atoms. The model that helped scientists to understand energy levels of atoms was developed by:

a)

Niels Bohr

b)

Albert Einstein

c)

Sir Isaac Newton

d)

Richard Feynman

13.

Why don't all the electrons in an atom fall to the lowest energy level?

a)

Electrons move so fast they quickly bounce out of the lowest energy level

b)

Gravity won't allow it

c)

The lowest energy level can only hold 2 electrons

d)

The nucleus repels the electrons

14.

The diagram below represents the electron energy levels for the first two levels of an atom. The dark circles show a filled electron energy level.


The diagram that would be represent an atom whose nucleus contains 5 protons and 4 neutrons is:

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

15.

A way of organizing the elements based on their chemical properties is the:

a)

energy level

b)

periodic table

c)

nucleus

d)

isotope

16.

Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called:

a)

periods

b)

groups

c)

columns

d)

boxes

17.

The location of metals on the periodic table is on the:

a)

left

b)

top

c)

right

d)

bottom

18.

An example of a metalloid, elements with properties between metals and non-metals, is

a)

iron

b)

silicon

c)

oxygen

d)

copper

19.

The second row of the periodic table has 8 elements because:

a)

there are 8 protons in the nucleus of oxygen

b)

the second energy level can hold 8 electrons

c)

the first row has 7 elements and the third row has 9 elements

d)

8 is 2x2x2

20.

The periodic table notation for nitrogen (N) is shown below. An atom of nitrogen has how many electrons?

a)

7

b)

7 or 8

c)

14 or 15

d)

Cannot be determined with the information given

21.

The diagram below represents information that can be found on the periodic table for the element helium (He).


The atomic mass of a helium atom is indicated by the arrow at:

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

22.

According to the periodic table, which group are the chemical elements that belong to the noble gases?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

17

d)

18

23.

Using the periodic table, transition elements belong to groups:

a)

1-8

b)

3-12

c)

10-15

d)

13-18

24.

According to the periodic table, transition metals include all of the following elements EXCEPT:

a)

Potassium (K)

b)

Iron (Fe)

c)

Copper (Cu)

d)

Gold (Au)

25.

Elements used to make semiconductors for computers include germanium and:

a)

oxygen (O)

b)

Iron (Fe)

c)

Carbon (C)

d)

Silicon (Si)

26.

An element essential to the manufacture of DNA and glow in the dark plastic is:

a)

Fluorine (F)

b)

Phosphorus (P)

c)

Sulfur (S)

d)

Nitrogen (N)

27.

The most abundant element in Earth's crust is:

a)

Oxygen (O)

b)

Silicon (S)

c)

Carbon (C)

d)

Nitrogen (N)

28.

The noble gas, such as helium and xenon, are non-reactive because:

a)

they have completely filled outer electron shells

b)

they are chemically unstable

c)

they are unusually large atoms

d)

they have been around longest on Earth

29.

Of the following, the best insulator is the element:

a)

zinc

b)

chromium

c)

sulfur

d)

magnesium

30.

A characteristic of elements that demonstrate the strongest periodicity is:

a)

boiling point

b)

thermal conductivity

c)

atomic mass

d)

electrical insulation

31.

Which statement best explains why atoms form chemical bond with other atoms?

a)

Most atoms are less stable when they combine with other atoms

b)

When atoms collide with other atoms, they bond automatically

c)

Atoms are always attracted to other atoms

d)

Most atoms are unstable unless they are combined with other atoms.

32.

When an atom gains or loses electrons, it has an electrical charge. It is known as:

a)

an ion

b)

a free radical

c)

a hydrate

d)

a monoatomic molecule

33.

Transferring or sharing electrons between atoms forms:

a)

mixtures

b)

bonds

c)

alloys

d)

solutions

34.

Groups of atoms held together by covalent bonds are called:

a)

molecules

b)

elements

c)

mixtures

d)

alloys

35.

Sodium forms an ionic bond with chlorine when sodium _____ an electron and chlorine _____ an electron.

a)

shares, shares

b)

loses, gains

c)

gains, loses

d)

loses, loses

36.

Ionic bonds form:

a)

between oppositely charged atoms

b)

molecules

c)

by sharing electrons

d)

only between pairs of atoms

37.

In the atom represented below, the small dark circles represent electrons.


The number of valence electrons in the atom pictures is:

a)

2

b)

3

c)

5

d)

7

38.

The largest number of valence electrons an atom in the first period can have is:

a)

1

b)

2

c)

8

d)

18

39.

Elements in the first column of the periodic table are known as alkali metals. These elements, when ionized, have in common

a)

an oxidation number of 1-

b)

an oxidation number of 1+

c)

an oxidation number of 2-

d)

an oxidation number of 2+

40.

Which statement is TRUE about elements in group 16?

a)

They need 6 electrons to complete their octet.

b)

They have an oxidation number of 2-.

c)

They have an oxidation number of 2+

d)

They have 2 valence electrons.