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U6 Special Relativity Revision

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The Michelson–Morley experiment established that
a)
there is no observable æther wind at the surface of Earth.
b)
the æther moves at the speed of light, c, as Earth travels in its orbit.
c)
the æther is an elastic fluid that streams over Earth.
d)
Earth does not move with respect to the Sun.
e)
none of these
2.
Which of the following is not a consequence of special relativity?
a)
Moving objects appear shorter in length (thinner) than stationary objects.
b)
Time appears to move at a different rate for objects moving relative to each other.
c)
Mass and energy are the same thing: if you increase an object’s energy, you also increase its mass.
d)
Nothing is certain; everything is relative.
3.
Which of the following statements about special relativity is FALSE?
a)
An assumption of special relativity is that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames.
b)
An assumption of special relativity is that the speed of light is the same in all reference frames.
c)
An assumption of special relativity is that space and time are part of the same thing: spacetime.
d)
An assumption of special relativity is that the laws of the physics are the same in all ‘constant velocity’ reference frames.
4.
The term ‘relativistic’ refers to effects that are most easily
a)
measured by stationary observers only.
b)
observed when objects travel near the speed of light.
c)
observed when objects move backward in time.
d)
observed when any object moves.
5.
An object moves in relation to an observer. As the object moves faster, the observer perceives the object to be
a)
longer
b)
shorter
c)
slower
d)
the same regardless of speed
6.

This expression 11−v2c2\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}   represents

a)

time dilation

b)

the relativistic (Lorentz) factor

c)

length contraction

7.
A rocket containing astronauts is flying through space.
a)
The faster it travels, the shorter it appears to people on board the ship.
b)
The faster it travels, the longer it appears to people on board the ship.
c)
Regardless of speed, the ship appears the same contracted length to people on board the ship.
d)
Regardless of speed, the ship appears uncontracted in length to people on board the ship.
8.
If the mass of an object changes, what will also change?
a)
Its spin
b)
Its charge
c)
Its energy
d)
The speed of light
9.
A clock, designed to tick each second, is moving past you at a uniform speed. You find the moving clock to be
a)
ticking slowly
b)
ticking quickly
c)
accurate
d)
running backward
10.

An astronaut travels out toward a star. In the inertial frame of the star, the astronaut steers directly toward the star and moves at constant speed.

The astronaut can determine that she is in motion by:

a)

the slowing down of on-board clocks.

b)

the contraction of on-board metre sticks.

c)

her increase in mass.

d)

the increase in her heart rate.

e)

none of these

11.
What two principles make up the theory of special relativity?
a)
The principle of nuclear forces and the invariance of the speed of light.
b)
The constancy of physical laws and the principle of mass-energy conservation.
c)
The principle of mass-energy conservation and the principle of nuclear forces.
d)
The constancy of physical laws and the invariance of the speed of light.
12.
There are about 2.8 × 10^9 heartbeats in an average lifetime of 72 years. Space travellers who are born and die on a spaceship, moving at a constant speed of 0.60c can expect their hearts to beat a total of
a)
(0.60) × (2.8 × 10^9) times
b)
(1.00) × (2.8 × 10^9) times
c)
(0.80) × (2.8 × 10^9) times
d)
(1.67) × (2.8 × 10^9) times
13.

The relativistic expression for length contraction of an object moving at velocity v is

a)

L=L01−v2c2L=L_0\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}

b)

L=L01−v2c2L=\frac{L_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}

c)

L = L01−c2v2L\ =\ L_0\sqrt{1-\frac{c^2}{v^2}}

d)

L=L01−c2v2L=\frac{L_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{c^2}{v^2}}}

14.
A particle with a lifetime of 2.0 × 10^–6 s moves through the laboratory with a speed of 0.9 c. Its lifetime, as measured by an observer in the laboratory, is
a)
2.0 × 10^–6 s
b)
3.2 × 10^–6 s
c)
4.6 × 10^–6 s
d)
5.4 × 10^–6 s
e)
6.3 × 106–6 s
15.

A train has a rest length of 100 m. Traveling at a very high velocity, it goes through a tunnel of length 80 m. Observers located at both ends of the tunnel note that at one instant the train appears to exactly fit within the tunnel.

What is the velocity of the train expressed in units of c?

a)

0.333 c

b)

0.50 c

c)

0.60 c

d)

0.80 c

e)

0.866c

16.
The total relativistic energy of an object
a)
is always equal to or greater than its rest mass energy.
b)
must be added to the rest mass energy to find the kinetic energy.
c)
is another term for its rest mass energy.
d)
is equal to its kinetic energy subtracted from it rest mass energy.
17.
How fast does a rocket have to move relative to an observer for its length to be contracted to 95% of its original length?
a)
0.2 c
b)
0.3 c
c)
0.4 c
d)
0.5 c
18.

A Klingon spaceship is approaching Earth at approximately 0.8 c measured relative to Earth. The spaceship directs a laser beam forward directly through your physics classroom window.

You measure the speed of this light to be:

a)

1.8 c

b)

1.0 c

c)

0.9 c

d)

0.8 c

e)

0.2 c

19.

The mass of the electron is 9.11 × 10^–31 kg, while the mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10^–27 kg. In an experiment, a positron is measured with a mass of 1.8 × 10^–29 kg.

It can be concluded that this positron is

a)

a proton.

b)

travelling at close to the speed of light.

c)

travelling at a non-relativistic speed.

d)

travelling in a circle.

20.
What is the velocity of a body if its total energy is three times its rest mass energy?
a)
0.54 c
b)
0.76 c
c)
0.94 c
d)
1.00 c

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