Taking a melodic idea and making the intervals smaller

Taking a melodic idea and turning each interval upside-down (eg. if the idea started by going up a step, you would instead go down a step etc.)

When a phrase of melody begins on a beat that isn’t the first beat of a bar

In jazz and blues, chromatic notes that are dissonant and make the music sound bluesy

A chord with notes played one after the other

Repeating a phrase but each time higher or lower

A short melodic/harmonic idea (often repeated) in pop/jazz

Making a note on a keyboard, synthesizer or guitar gradually (and usually slightly) higher or lower

Moving in semitones

Repeating a melodic phrase but backwards

Sliding between notes – commonly used on trombone. This can also be achieved by sliding LH fingers up/down the strings of guitars, violins etc.

A short trill

Playing using mostly the three notes of a chord

A short repeated idea (can be rhythmic or harmonic too)

Sliding between notes – commonly used on trombone. This can also be achieved by sliding LH fingers up/down the strings of guitars, violins etc.