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Organisms Change over Time-Evidence of Evolution

Total questions: 35

Worksheet time: 6hrs 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who was the naturalist/scientist that traveled the world to study plants and animals?

a)

Albert Einstein

b)

Charles Darwin

c)

Heather White

d)

Charles Barkley

2.

The gradual change in species over time is called...

a)

Evolution

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Adaptation

d)

Natural Selection

3.
Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________
a)
increase in number
b)
become extinct
4.

What characteristic did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?

a)

Their feathers

b)

Genotypes

c)

Their beaks

d)

Their body sizes

5.

Another word for adapt is ____________.

a)

change

b)

create

6.

Genetic differences between organisms of the same species

a)

Variation

b)

Population

c)

Behavior

d)

Environment

7.

What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?

a)

To look different from other species.

b)

To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.

c)

To protect itself against predators.

d)

To protect itself against prey.

8.

What do you call similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Analogous Structure

c)

Vestigial Structure

d)

Homologous Structure

9.

What do we call structures that no longer perform their original function?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Analogous Structure

c)

Vestigial Structure

d)

Homologous Structure

10.

What do you call a characteristic that allows an organism to survive in an environment?

a)

variation

b)

adaptation

c)

selection

d)

overproduction

11.

Hibernation is an example of which type of adaptation?

a)

Behavioral Adaptation

b)

Physical Adaptation

12.

Beak shape, camouflage, and webbed feet are all examples of which type of adaptation?

a)

Behavioral Adaptation

b)

Physical Adaptation

13.

Brown mice survive and reproduce in their desert environment better than white mice because birds can see and eat the white mice more easily. In this situation, what part of the environment is doing the selecting?

a)

predator

b)

soil composition

c)

mouse fur color

d)

mating preferences

14.

What is speciation?

a)

combining of two species to form one with different traits

b)

Intentional breeding designed to maintain a desired trait

c)

timing of mating that prevents normal selection

d)

A population splits and accumulates different genes in the new groups

15.

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection? (not exactly "natural selection")

a)

People breeding cows for size and milk production.

b)

Insect populations developing resistance to certain pesticides.

c)

Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.

d)

Male birds of certain species inheriting colorful feathers that are more attractive to females.

16.

The pelvic bone of whales is not needed for movement within the water. This is an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

17.

Many different groups of organisms have wings, even though they do not share a recent common ancestor. This is because they evolved in environments with similar selective pressures. Wings are an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

18.

Below are the % similarities of DNA between whales and other species. Based on this, which are whales most closely related to?

a)

Pig, 68.4%

b)

Hippo, 83.4%

c)

Mouse, 38.4%

19.

The fossil record help scientists

a)

better understand the kinds of organisms that lived in the past

b)

better understand how the environment has changed over time

c)

better understand how organisms have evolved over time

d)

all of the answers help scientists

20.

What is common ancestry?

a)

When a species no longer exists

b)

When organisms are descended from a single ancestor

21.

50 million years ago, the Pakicetus had nostrils toward the front of it's skull Gray whales, modern-day descendants of the Pakicetus have nostrils toward the back of the skull. The Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, and it's nostril was in the middle of the skull. In this case, the Aetiocetus serves as a ______________.

a)

index fossil or key fossil unlocking a time

b)

transitional fossil showing the connection from one kind of fossil to another

c)

carbonization fossil showing the carbon pressed into the rock

22.

Which of the following are homologous (same) structures?

a)

whale flipper and bat wing

b)

legs on a beetle and legs on a cat

23.

The cave fish and minnow are related to each other but the cave fish is blind and only has the remnants of an eye. What type of structure is this?

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

24.

What are examples of vestigial structures in a human?

a)

liver, kidney and bladder

b)

appendix, tail bone and wisdom teeth

c)

heart, lungs and brain

25.

_______________, or selective breeding, is one way that humans impact evolution. One example is how we have created so many dog breeds

a)

Artificial selection

b)

Homologous structures

c)

Analogus structures

26.

How does embryology support the Theory of Evolution?

a)

It shows that they have a common ancestor because of their similarities.

b)

I'm not sure.

c)

Animals change over time.

27.
In stage one (top row) of these embryos, most of the embryos________
a)
look very similar.
b)
have very different features.
c)
show different stages of development.
d)
have only a tail if they are non-human.
28.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
29.
Which two orgainsms have hair? 
a)
Sharks & Ray Finned Fish
b)
Primates & Rodents
c)
Birds & Crocodiles
d)
Rabbits & Birds
30.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
31.

Predict which moth would increase in population with dark trees.

a)

light

b)

dark

32.

The image suggests that whales and hippopotamuses shared a common ancestor. When did these ancestors live?

a)

25-35 million years ago

b)

50-60 million years ago

c)

75 million years ago or more

33.

If this land creature was a common ancestor to the whales and dolphins millions of years ago what evidence do we have?

a)

fossils that show "nose" holes from the front of the snout to the top of the head like whales and dolphins

b)

similar skeleton variation over time

c)

a vestigial structure of what is a non functioning hip and leg bone

d)

all of the answers are evidence

34.

Do you think sea wolves in British Columbia, Canada could evolve (change, adapt) to spend more time in the water if food continues to be easier to find in water?

a)

yes, they will need to adapt and offspring that are born with traits that help hunt in water will continue to mate and survive

b)

no, they will go extinct

c)

no, they will go back inland to hunt deer and small mammals

35.

Darwin's term "survival of the fittest" actually means _____.

a)

you fit in or match your environment so you can have a better chance of surviving to pass on your traits to offspring

b)

you are fit like you workout and are big and muscular