writing that portrays events that actually occurred and people that actually exist or existed

a nonfiction text such as magazines, newspapers articles, reports, and textbooks

a short article on a single subject written from the author’s personal viewpoint

a history of a person’s life written by that person

an account of a person’s life written by another person

organizational methods an author uses to make his meaning clear, support his purpose, and develop his point of view

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author explains a topic using descriptive details or characteristics, and is broken into sections with main ideas and supporting details

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describes similarities or differences between objects, places or event

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analyzes why something happens; examines causes, describes effects, or does both; explains why something happened (or is happening) and it predicts what probably will happen

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presents information or arguments in a chain to lay out steps in a process, series of events, or a hierarchy

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presents a problem shows how it can be (or has been) solved; may give several possible solutions

Things within the text that help the reader more easily navigate the text and often provide additional information to help you understand the content. Includes: headings, titles, key words, graphs, charts, bold words, text boxes, diagrams, glossary, table of contents, captions, maps, timelines…

The author’s intent either to inform or teach someone about something, to entertain people, or to persuade or convince the audience to do or not do something

means to bring ideas together, or to make something out of parts which were independent