One of the three main kinds of rock, made from cooled magma

States that in a series of rock layers, the oldest are on the bottom and the youngest are on top, unless the layers are disturbed

A crack within Earth’s rock layers, where rocks move past each other. Often the result of an Earthquake.

The movement of sediment by wind, water, ice, or gravity

The ancient land mass believed to have broken up to form today’s continents

Method of determining age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other rock layers

Used to date recent, once living fossils with radioactive decay.

Rock that has been changed over time by high pressures and temperatures inside Earth’s crust.

The study of Earth’s structure, composition, forces, history and future.

Remains of living things that have been replaced by minerals and thus turned to stone.

A place where rock layers are disturbed in the geologic column; gap in geologic column

Used by scientists to measure the atmospheric gases in Earth’s history; can be used to understand how Earth’s climate has changed over time

The study of lithospheric plates, their movements, and the Earth features that they affect

a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time