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Biology Semester 2 Midterm (2021)

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Building blocks of proteins are
a)
Simple sugars
b)
Amino acids
c)
Monosaccharides
d)
Polysaccharides
2.
A scientist was studying the effect of temperature on bacterial growth.  What is the independent variable?
a)
Length of the experiment
b)
Number of bacteria
c)
Reproduction rate
d)
Temperature
3.
Two structures present in plant cells but NOT animal cells are:
a)
Chloroplasts and centrioles
b)
Chloroplasts and cell wall
c)
Chloroplasts and cell membrane
d)
Chloroplasts and ribosomes
4.
What are the nucleotides made of?
a)
Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base
b)
Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base
c)
Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine
d)
Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine
5.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
6.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
7.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
8.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
9.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
10.

In eukaryotes, which organelle is DNA usually found in?

a)

cell membrane

b)

vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

nucleus

11.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
12.
The sugar in DNA is ?
a)
sucrose
b)
glucose
c)
deoxyribose
d)
fructose
13.
The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
14.
The drawing shows the structure of what molecule?
a)
A DNA molecule
b)
A lipid molecule
c)
A carbohydrate molecule
d)
A protein molecule
15.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

16.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

17.

Which is the first step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

18.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

19.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

20.

If a person suffered from a disorder where their DNA fragments were unable to fill in the missing slots in between the fragments of the lagging strand, they would most likely have a disorder that affected which enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

21.
What type of RNA carries the DNA message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
RNA
d)
DNA
22.
What do we call the process of turning DNA into mRNA?
a)
Translation
b)
Transcription 
c)
Replication
23.
When DNA is transcribed to RNA.... 
a)
A pairs with U
b)
C pairs with U
c)
A pairs with T
d)
C pairs with T
24.
When the RNA gets to the ribosomes, which molecule transfers to the mRNA to amino acids?
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
Replicated RNA
25.
Amino acids are the building blocks of... 
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Atoms
d)
Proteins
26.
The process of transferring the codons to the amino acids ends with what codon?
a)
Stop
b)
Terminal
c)
End
d)
Cancel 
27.
When transferring tRNA to amino acids, the process cannot begin until it reaches a...
a)
Beginning codon
b)
Start codon 
c)
Initiator codon
d)
Anticodon
28.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA?
a)
 Met-Pro-Val-Stop
b)
Met-Pro-Arg-Stop
c)
 Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
29.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule? 
a)
contains ribose 
b)
made of amino acids
c)
contains Uracil
d)
double helix
30.
Where does Translation occur?
a)
Proteins
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Cytoplasm
31.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
32.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Maybe?
33.

For the rock pocket mouse, which of the following contributes to selective pressure favoring dark-colored fur? (Choose all that apply)

a)

Predators

b)

Genetic mutations

c)

Rock color

34.
Why did dark-colored rock pocket mice first appear in a population of light-colored rock pocket mice?
a)
They have a genetic mutation that affects their fur color.
b)
There is dark lava rock in the area where they live.
c)
Individuals change color to blend in with the environment.
d)
Predators eat light-colored rock pocket mice. 
35.
Determine the sex of the individual whose karyotype is displayed in the image.
a)
female
b)
male
36.
What makes this individual's karyotype not normal?
a)
An extra sex chromosome
b)
An extra autosome
c)
A missing sex chromosome
d)
A missing autosome
37.
Chromosome pairs 1-22 are referred to as
a)
sex chromosomes
b)
sister chromatids
c)
a karyotype
d)
autsomes
38.

The structure in the image is called a:

a)

Chromosome

b)

Karyotype

c)

Gene

d)

Protein

39.

Identify the tool in the image:

a)

Karyotype

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

DNA Fingerprint

d)

Gene Analysis

40.

Trisomy:

a)

Missing 1 chromosome

b)

3 chromosomes (instead of a pair)

c)

Chromosomes are normal

41.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:

a)

Male

b)

Female

c)

No chromosomal abnormalities

d)

Trisomy 18

42.
What is this?
a)
Pedigree
b)
Karyotype
c)
Venn diagram
d)
Punnett Square
43.
What do we use pedigrees for?
a)
To look at families
b)
To make determinations about the offspring
c)
To track traits in families
d)
Nothing
44.
In a pedigree, what shape represents a male?
a)
circle
b)
square
c)
triangle
d)
diamond
45.
How many generations are shown in this pedigree?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
46.
What does an open circle represent?
a)
Not Affected Male
b)
Not Affected Female
c)
Affected Male
d)
Affected Female
47.
What does a filled in square represent?
a)
Not affected Female
b)
Not affected Male
c)
Affected Male
d)
Affected Female
48.
In the second generation-how many people are carriers of the trait?
a)
2
b)
3
c)
5
d)
6
49.
How many kids did the mother and father from the first generation have?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
5
d)
6
50.
Which of the following is heterozygous
a)
FF
b)
tt
c)
Gg
d)
RR
51.
Which of the following is homozygous recessive?
a)
rr
b)
AA
c)
TT
d)
Ff
52.
What does the prefix hetero- in heterozygous mean?
a)
same
b)
different
c)
dating
d)
human
53.
Which of the following is homozygous dominant?
a)
Jj
b)
Rr
c)
MM
d)
ee
54.
The physical appearance of an organism based on traits
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Meiosis
d)
Genetics
55.
The allele combinations
a)
genetics
b)
mitosis
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype

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