what are the two major classes of flowering plants?

(a)  

Magnoliopsida

(a)  

Liliopsida

(a)  

(D or M) Two cotyledons

(a)  

(D or M) Flower parts in multiples of four or five

(a)  

(D or M) Leaves with distinct network of veins

(a)  

(D or M) Vascular cambium and cork cambium present

(a)  

(D or M) Vascular bundles of stem in ring

(a)  

(D or M) Pollen grains with three apertures

(a)  

(D or M) One cotyledon

(a)  

(D or M) Flower parts in multiples of three

(a)  

(D or M) Leaves with parallel primary veins

(a)  

(D or M) Vascular cambium and cork cambium absent

(a)  

(D or M) Vascular bundles of stem scattered

(a)  

(D or M) Pollen grains with one aperture

(a)  

(D or M) •¾ of the plant species

(a)  

(D or M) Annual plants, flowering trees and shrubs

(a)  

(D or M) Primarily herbaceous, believed to evolved from primitive dicots

(a)  

(D or M) Bulbs, lilies, grasses, orchids, irises, an palms

(a)  

Flowers begin as what, that develops into a what?

(a)  

Flowers occur as specialized branches at tips of what?

(a)  

Swollen end of peduncle or pedicel

(a)  

what other parts of flower attached to receptacle in whorls?

(a)  

Outermost whorl

(a)  

Sepals do what?

(a)  

Next whorl inside sepals

(a)  

Calyx and corolla form what?

(a)  

male part of flower; produce pollen

(a)  

female part of plant; produces eggs

(a)  

Stamens are attached around base of what?

(a)  

Each stamen consists of _________ with _______ at top

(a)  

Pollen grains developed in where?

(a)  

Pistil consists of what?

(a)  

Ovary develops into a what?

(a)  

Ovaries evolved from what?

(a)  

Leaf with ovules on margins

(a)  

Carpels may be fused together into a what?

(a)  

Pistil can consist of how many carpels?

(a)  

Calyx and corolla attached to receptacle at base of ovary.

(a)  

Receptacle grows up and around the ovary

(a)  

Calyx and corolla appear attached where?

(a)  

Ovary contains what?

(a)  

Ovules develop into seeds after what?

(a)  

Flowers can be produced singly or in what?

(a)  

Group of flowers

(a)  

Matured ovary and its accessory parts

(a)  

All fruits develop from what?

(a)  

Skin

(a)  

Inner boundary around seed(s)

(a)  

Tissue between exocarp and endocarp

(a)  

Exocarp, Endocarp, and Mesocarp are collectively called what?

(a)  

fruit wall

(a)  

In dry fruits the pericarp is usually quite

(a)  

Mesocarp at least partly fleshy at maturity

(a)  

develop from flower with single pistil

(a)  

Simple fleshy fruit with single seed enclosed by hard, stony endocarp (pit)

(a)  

Drupes usually develop from flowers with what?

(a)  

From compound ovary, with more than one seed, and with fleshy pericarp

(a)  

With thin skin and relatively soft pericarp

(a)  

Tomatoes, grapes, peppers, blueberries, bananas

(a)  

Relatively thick rind

(a)  

Pumpkins, cucumbers, watermelon

(a)  

citrus fruits

(a)  

oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit

(a)  

Flesh comes from enlarged floral tube or receptacle that grows up around ovary. Endocarp papery or leathery

(a)  

Pomes, pepos, some berries and other fruits

(a)  

Mesocarp dry at maturity

(a)  

Dry Fruits can be what?

(a)  

Split at Maturity (distinguished by the way they split)

(a)  

Splits along one side

(a)  

Larkspur, milkweed, peony

(a)  

Splits along two sides

(a)  

peas, beans, lentils, peanuts

(a)  

Split along two sides, but seeds on central partition, which is exposed when two halves separate.

(a)  

More than three times longer than wide

(a)  

Consist of at least two carpels, and split in a variety of ways

(a)  

Irises, poppies, violets, snapdragons

(a)  

Do Not Split at Maturity; Single seed united with pericarp

(a)  

Base of seed attached to pericarp.

(a)  

Sunflower seed, buttercup, buckwheat

(a)  

Similar to achene, but larger, with harder and thicker pericarp, and a cluster of bracts at base

(a)  

Acorns, hazelnuts, hickory nuts

(a)  

Pericarp tightly united with seed

(a)  

Grasses: corn, wheat, rice, oats, barley

(a)  

the hard outer layer of grain; form of fiber

(a)  

Pericarp extends as wings for dispersal

(a)  

Maples, ashes, elms

(a)  

Twin fruit that breaks into one-seeded segments called mericarps

(a)  

Parsley family: carrots, anise, dill

(a)  

Integument =

(a)  

Derived from single flower with several to many pistils; Individual pistils mature as clustered unit on single receptacle.

(a)  

Raspberries, blackberries, strawberries

(a)  

Derived from several to many individual flowers in single inflorescence

(a)  

Mulberries, Osage orange, pineapples, figs

(a)  

fruits that can be dispersed by wind

(a)  

seeds that can be dispersed by wind

(a)  

how can seeds be dispersed by animals

(a)  

Ovules develop into what?

(a)  

Food storage organs that function as “seed leaves

(a)  

cotyledons and plantlet

(a)  

Embryo shoot

(a)  

Stem above cotyledon attachment

(a)  

stem below cotyledon attachment

(a)  

Tip of embryo that develops into root

(a)  

Hypocotyl lengthens, bends and becomes hook-shaped; Top of hook emerges from ground, pulling cotyledons above ground.

(a)  

Hypocotyl remains short and cotyledons do not emerge above surface

(a)  

beginning or resumption of seed growth

(a)  

Favorable environmental factors needed for what?

(a)  

what are favorable environmental factors?

(a)  

Enzymes in cytoplasm begin to function after water is imbibed

(a)  

Seed viability varies, depending on what?

(a)  

Viability is extended when?

(a)  

No period of dormancy; embryo continues to grow while fruit is still on parent

(a)  

a peduncle in some instances have branchlets of smaller stalks called what?

(a)  

the sepals of a flower are collectively referred to as what?

(a)  

Petals of a flower are collectively known as what?

(a)  

Showy corollas attract what?

(a)  

a corollas is missing in some ?

(a)  

list some Variability of fruits

(a)  

In apples and pears the core and a little of adjacent tissue is from _______; remainder is from the _________

(a)  

Mustard family: broccoli, cabbage

(a)  

Brought about by mechanical or physiological factors, including growth-inhibiting substances present in seed coat or fruit

(a)  

Artificially breaking dormancy

(a)  

how could a seed break dormancy?

(a)  

seeds will not germinate until what happens?

(a)  

what is 1?

(a)  

what is 2?

(a)  

what is 3?

(a)  

what is 4?

(a)  

what is 5?

(a)  

what id 6?

(a)  

what is this?

(a)  

what is 1?

(a)  

what is 2?

(a)  

what is 3?

(a)  

what is 4?

(a)  

what is 5?

(a)  

what is 6?

(a)  

what is 7?

(a)  

what is 8?

(a)  

what is 9?

(a)  

what is 10?

(a)  

what is 11?

(a)  

what is 12?

(a)  

what is 13?

(a)  

what is this?

(a)  

what is 1?

(a)  

what is 2?

(a)  

what is 3?

(a)  

what is 4?

(a)  

what is 5?

(a)  

what is 1?

(a)  

what is 2?

(a)  

what is 3?

(a)  

what is 4?

(a)  

what is 5?

(a)  

what is 6?

(a)  

what is 7?

(a)  

what is 8?

(a)  

one sperm unites with an egg, froming a zygote, then embryo. other sperm unites with central cell nuclei, producing triploid endosperm nucleus the develops into endosperm tissue

(a)  

nutritive tissue for embryo

(a)  

a food storage tissue that develops through divisions of the primary (a)   nucleus. it is digested by the sporophyte after germination in some species (corn)

major source of nutrition for humans due to nutritional quality of endosperm

(a)  

endosperm is absorbed into the (a)   in most dicots

ovule becomes a ___________, ovary matures into ________, integuments harden into ____________

(a)