General: (2018) The right to vote allows U.S. citizens to directly participate in the electoral process. What is a responsibility of each citizen in exercising that right?

General: (2018) A city government is holding a vote to decide whether to construct a new airport on city land. An undecided voter has gathered several sources of information about the proposed airport to help her decide how to vote. Which source of information about the issue is both credible and relevant?

General: (2015,17) You want to persuade the government to establish stronger national pollution standards for reducing carbon in the atmosphere. Which is the correct government body to contact to express your opinion and bring about the outcome you favor?

General: (2016) In the United States, rights carry responsibilities. Which is a civic responsibility of citizens?

General: (2016) In the United States, rights carry responsibilities. One such responsibility is serving on a jury. Which right of U.S. citizens does serving on a jury safeguard?

Executive: (2015,16) Which branch or branches of the federal government enforce the laws?

Executive: (2019) Following the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education, African-American students began applying to colleges and universities that had previously been segregated. In 1963, the governor of Alabama, George Wallace, tried to physically stop three African-American students from registering at the University of Alabama. President John F. Kennedy ordered the Alabama National Guard to force Wallace to move aside and allow the students to register.

Why did President Kennedy take this action?

Judicial: (2018) The legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the federal government each have specific powers. Which power belongs to the judicial branch?

Federal Reserve: (2019) The Federal Reserve purchases and sells government securities, adjusts the reserve requirement, and adjusts the discount rate to produce certain economic outcomes.

What is one outcome the Federal Reserve might want to produce when purchasing government securities?

Federal Gov't: (2015) Why is it difficult for the federal government to make large cuts in spending?

Federal Reserve: (2015,16) What is one way the Federal Reserve System regulates economic activity?

Federal Reserve: Why might lawmakers increase taxes and decrease government spending?

Federal Reserve: (2018) The Federal Reserve wants to foster growth in the economy. Place a check beside the two desired outcomes that growing the economy would produce.

Federal Reserve: (2018) The Federal Reserve wants to foster economic contraction. Place a check beside the two desired outcomes that contracting the economy would produce.

Federal Reserve: (2018) The Federal Reserve wants to foster growth in the economy. Place a check beside the two tools that the Federal Reserve would use to grow the economy.

Federal Reserve: (2018) The Federal Reserve wants to foster economic contraction. Place a check beside the two tools that the Federal Reserve would use to contract the economy.

Declaration of Independence: Grievances against King George III’s actions, as listed in the U.S. Declaration of Independence are shown:

Two of these grievances clearly demonstrate a violation of the Enlightenment principle of the consent of the governed (the idea that the government gets its authority from the people that it governs).

Choose the two grievances that describe violations of consent of the governed. (2015)

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the Declaration of Independence is shown:

“He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.”

How does this grievance support the American colonists’ case for independence? (2018)

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the Declaration of Independence is shown:

“He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.”

The statement describes how the British government made it hard for the American colonists to have a voice in their own governance. How does it show a violation of an Enlightenment principle by the British? (2018)

Declaration of Independence: The Declaration of Independence was strongly influenced by the Enlightenment ideas of the social contract and natural rights.

Select whether each excerpt from the Declaration of Independence reflects the influence of natural rights or the social contract.

“That these United Colonies are… Free and Independent States; That they are Absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved.” (2016)

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence is shown.

"For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us"

Choose the Intolerable Act (or multiple acts) that the grievance was talking about.

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence is shown.

"For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world"

Choose the Intolerable Act (or multiple acts) that the grievance was talking about.

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence is shown.

"For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences"

Choose the Intolerable Act (or multiple acts) that the grievance was talking about.

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence is shown.

"For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighbouring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies"

Choose the Intolerable Act (or multiple acts) that the grievance was talking about.

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence is shown.

"For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments"

Choose the Intolerable Act (or multiple acts) that the grievance was talking about.

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence is shown.

"For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever"

Choose the Intolerable Act (or multiple acts) that the grievance was talking about.

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence is shown.

"He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws, giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation"

Choose the Intolerable Act (or multiple acts) that the grievance was talking about.

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence is shown.

"For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states"

What was this grievance in response to?

Declaration of Independence: An excerpt from the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence is shown.

"For imposing taxes without our consent"

What was this grievance in response to?

Federalists & Anti-Federalists: (2018) Prior to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1788, Federalists and Anti-Federalists debated on how well the proposed constitution upheld the principles of government that would later become important in the Nullification Crisis. Based on their arguments during the ratification debate, which statement describes what the Anti-Federalists would have thought about the Force Bill?

Federalists & Anti-Federalists: (2016) Part A: The Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution was drafted in response to the debate between the Federalist and the Anti-Federalists over the powers of the national government. The 6th Amendment is shown:

"In all criminal prosecutions, [citizens] shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense."

Which issue is addressed by the 6th Amendment?

Federalists & Anti-Federalists: (2016) Part A: The Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution was drafted in response to the debate between the Federalist and the Anti-Federalists over the powers of the national government. The 6th Amendment is shown:

"In all criminal prosecutions, [citizens] shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense."

Select the two Anti-Federalist quotes that express concerns over the issue of rights of the accused:

Federalists & Anti-Federalists: (2015,17) Which concept was at the center of the Anti-Federalist position as expressed in the “Anti-Federalist Papers”?

Federalists & Anti-Federalists: (2019) The Necessary and Proper Clause of the U.S. Constitution is shown:

The Congress shall have Power… to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Why did Federalists want to include this clause in the Constitution?

Federalists & Anti-Federalists: (2019) Which statement summarizes the original Federalist position on the Bill of Rights?

U.S. Constitution: Read the following statement and decide if it was written by a Federalist or Anti-Federalist author.

"In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence, a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself."

U.S. Constitution: Read the following statement and decide if it was written by a Federalist or Anti-Federalist author.

"I wish for nothing more than a good government and a constitution under which our liberties will be perfectly safe. To preserve which, I think the wisest conduct will be to keep… power in our hands as much as possible, and not wantonly (recklessly) and inconsiderably give up a greater share of our liberties."

U.S. Constitution: Which constitutional principle is identified with the concept of “consent of the governed”?

U.S. Constitution: What kind of practice is exemplified in the situation described below:

"The Supreme Court takes on a case about the constitutional merits of a law. After hearing arguments for and against the law, they issue a verdict that the law goes against certain provisions of the U.S. Constitution. Once determined unconstitutional, the law is struck down, or voided."

U.S. Constitution: The U.S. Constitution created a system of dynamic interaction among the three branches of federal government. Choose the branch of government that has the ability to check the each branch on the items listed:

______________ branch checks the Executive Branch with veto overrides and impeachment of civil officers.

U.S. Constitution: The U.S. Constitution created a system of dynamic interaction among the three branches of federal government. Choose the branch of government that has the ability to check the each branch on the items listed:

______________ branch checks the Legislative Branch with veto legislation and convene houses of Congress.

U.S. Constitution: The U.S. Constitution created a system of dynamic interaction among the three branches of federal government. Choose the branch of government that has the ability to check the each branch on the items listed:

______________ branch checks the Legislative Branch with interpreting laws and applying laws.

U.S. Constitution: The U.S. Constitution created a system of dynamic interaction among the three branches of federal government. Choose the branch of government that has the ability to check the each branch on the items listed:

______________ branch checks the Judicial Branch with appointing judges and issuing pardons and reprieves.

U.S. Constitution: Federalism is one of the basic principles established in the U.S. Constitution. How does government in the United States reflect a federal structure?

U.S. Constitution: What kind of practice is exemplified in the situation described below:

The Supreme Court takes on a case about the constitutional merits of a law. After hearing arguments for and against the law, they issue a verdict that the law goes against certain provisions of the U.S. Constitution. Once determined unconstitutional, the law is struck down, or voided.

U.S. Constitution: The Necessary and Proper Clause of the U.S. Constitution is shown:

The Congress shall have Power… to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Why did Federalists want to include this clause in the Constitution?

U.S. Constitution: Which statement summarizes the original Federalist position on the Bill of Rights?

Bill of Rights: (2016) The 6th Amendment from the Bill of RIghts is shown:

"In all criminal prosecutions, [citizens] shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense."

Which issue is addressed by the 6th Amendment?

Bill of Rights: (2015) What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution called?

Bill of Rights: (2015) The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees a jury trial to U.S. citizens. Identify the particular responsibility that citizens have to one another to ensure a right to a jury trial.

Bill of Rights: (2018) In 1788 Patrick Henry argued that the U.S. Constitution should include laws guaranteeing certain rights for all Americans. The Bill of Rights, which was added to the U.S. Constitution, addressed several of Patrick Henry’s concerns. One concern is shown. Select the amendment that addressed Patrick Henry's concern.

“A bill of rights may be summed up in a few words. What do they tell us? - That our rights are reserved.”

Bill of Rights: (2018) In 1788 Patrick Henry argued that the U.S. Constitution should include laws guaranteeing certain rights for all Americans. The Bill of Rights, which was added to the U.S. Constitution, addressed several of Patrick Henry’s concerns. One concern is shown. Select the amendment that addressed Patrick Henry's concern.

“But when we come to punishments, no latitude ought to be left, nor dependence put on the virtue of representatives.”

Bill of Rights: (2018) In 1788 Patrick Henry argued that the U.S. Constitution should include laws guaranteeing certain rights for all Americans. The Bill of Rights, which was added to the U.S. Constitution, addressed several of Patrick Henry’s concerns. One concern is shown. Select the amendment that addressed Patrick Henry's concern.

“They may, unless the general government be restrained by a bill of rights, or some similar restriction, go into your cellars and rooms, and search, ransack, and measure everything you eat, drink, and wear. They ought to be restrained within proper bounds.”

Bill of Rights: (2016) The 9th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is shown:

"The enumeration [listing] in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed [interpreted] to deny or disparage [take away] others retained by the people."

How did the 9th Amendment address the Federalist concerns about including a bill of rights in the Constitution?

Amendments: (2019) A flaw in the Electoral College became clear when conflict arose during the election of President Thomas Jefferson in 1800. How did the 12th Amendment alter how the president and vice-president are elected in the Electoral College?

Amendments: (2015) Which situation brought about the adoption of the 12th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

Amendments: (2015,17) The 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution outlawed the use of poll taxes to prevent citizens from voting for federal office holders. This 1964 change continued what evolutionary development of the U.S. Constitution?

Amendments: (2018) The 25th Amendment was ratified after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Which issue, among others, did the 25th Amendment clarify?

Amendments: (2019) The 15th Amendment expanded African Americans’ ability to participate in the political process. How did the 24th Amendment expand upon the 15th Amendment?

Amendments: (2019) Which circumstance prompted the adoption of the 23rd Amendment?

Amendments: (2015) The United States Constitution is a living document that changes over time as a result of amendments and Supreme Court decisions. How did the Constitution change as a result of the 26th Amendment?

Amendments: (2018) The 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution extended voting rights to previously disenfranchised groups. Identify the two groups that gained the right to vote as a result of these amendments.

Amendments: (2018) The 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution extended voting rights to previously disenfranchised groups. Identify the three groups that gained the right to vote as a result of these amendments.

Amendments: (2016) What was the direct effect of the 13th Amendment?

Amendments: (2019) The 13th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1865. What was the primary purpose of this amendment?

Amendments: (2018) What was the immediate impact of the 14th Amendment?

Amendments: (2016) From time to time, the Supreme Court has extended civil rights protections to groups that historically have been denied rights guaranteed to other Americans. Sometimes the Supreme Court has done this by interpreting and applying the principles found in existing Constitutional amendments.

Which legal principle did the Supreme Court use to extend the Bill of Rights guarantees to state laws and broaden civil rights protections for minorities?

Amendments: (2016) The 14th Amendment has had an important effect on constitutional government in the United States. Identify whether the following condition applied to constitutional government in the United States before or after the ratification of the 14th Amendment.

Condition: The Supreme Court ruled that under the Constitution, African-Americans are not citizens

Amendments: (2016) The 14th Amendment has had an important effect on constitutional government in the United States. Identify whether the following condition applied to constitutional government in the United States before or after the ratification of the 14th Amendment.

Condition: Citizens enjoyed protection from state infringement against their rights

Amendments: (2016) The 14th Amendment has had an important effect on constitutional government in the United States. Identify whether the following condition applied to constitutional government in the United States before or after the ratification of the 14th Amendment.

Condition: African-Americans were counted fully when appointing seats in the House of Representatives

Amendments: (2015) Read the text from Section 1 of the 14th Amendment:

Section 1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Which statement describes one of the conditions this Reconstruction era amendment was designed to correct?

Amendments: (2015) Choose the three Progressive Era concerns that led to the passage of the 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Amendments: (2018) The 17th Amendment addressed Progressive Era calls for reform. Identify which two headlines could have been written to support the ratification of the 17th Amendment.

Amendments: (2015) Amendments 16 through 19 to the U.S. Constitution addressed calls for reform during the Progressive Era. Select the amendment that addressed the call for reform:

Banning the sale of alcoholic beverages to reduce societal problems

Amendments: (2015) Amendments 16 through 19 to the U.S. Constitution addressed calls for reform during the Progressive Era. Select the amendment that addressed the call for reform:

Establishing direct election of senators by the people to avoid corruption

Amendments: (2015) Amendments 16 through 19 to the U.S. Constitution addressed calls for reform during the Progressive Era. Select the amendment that addressed the call for reform:

Extending suffrage to women to make voting rights more equal

Amendments: (2015) Amendments 16 through 19 to the U.S. Constitution addressed calls for reform during the Progressive Era. Select the amendment that addressed the call for reform:

Creating a federal income tax to address the need for revenue

Amendments: (2016) During the early 20th century, several amendments to the U.S. Constitution were ratified to address concerns of Progressive Era reformers. Select the concern addressed by the 16th Amendment:

Amendments: (2016) During the early 20th century, several amendments to the U.S. Constitution were ratified to address concerns of Progressive Era reformers. Select the concern addressed by the 17th Amendment:

Amendments: (2016) During the early 20th century, several amendments to the U.S. Constitution were ratified to address concerns of Progressive Era reformers. Select the concern addressed by the 18th Amendment:

Amendments: (2016) During the early 20th century, several amendments to the U.S. Constitution were ratified to address concerns of Progressive Era reformers. Select the concern addressed by the 19th Amendment:

Amendments: (2016) Several amendments to the U.S. Constitution have addressed unique historical circumstances. Select the amendment that addressed the following circumstance:

Repealed prohibition

Amendments: (2016) Several amendments to the U.S. Constitution have addressed unique historical circumstances. Select the amendment that addressed the following circumstance:

Limited the jurisdiction of the federal courts

Amendments: (2016) Several amendments to the U.S. Constitution have addressed unique historical circumstances. Select the amendment that addressed the following circumstance:

Overturned the Supreme Court’s ruling in Chisholm v. Georgia

Amendments: (2016) Several amendments to the U.S. Constitution have addressed unique historical circumstances. Select the amendment that addressed the following circumstance:

Prevented members of Congress from giving themselves pay raises during their current term