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WorksheetsPhilosophy&CT Unit 6 MC Practice
Total questions: 73
Worksheet time: 37mins
The myth of Manifest Destiny in the United States is most like what, in political philosophy?
our natural rights.
the noble lie.
a social contract.
the state of nature.
If a group of people who find themselves on a desert island all agree not to kill each other, what have they created?
a social contract
a noble lie
a set of natural rights
a state of nature
In Plato’s Republic, which group would be in charge?
warriors
craftsmen and women
philosopher-soldiers
philosopher-kings
According to Plato, the people of his ideal city would be told that the group that leads would get to lead because
there were chosen by the previous rulers.
they had proven themselves worthy by slaying a dragon.
they had gold in their blood.
they were the strongest.
A state that relies on surveillance to keep people in line is operating as a
authoritarian.
panopticon.
nonopticon.
strict state.
If a state operates a heavy surveillance program but its citizens aren’t aware, what is it called?
nonopticon
panopticon
secret police
secret cameras
A type of rule where one rules for the benefit of all.
monarchy
anarchy
tyranny
theocracy
A type of rule where a few rulers rule for the benefit of all.
aristocracy
oligarchy
junta
ochlocracy
A type of rule where many rule for the benefit of all.
tyranny
democracy
ochlocracy
oligarchy
A type of rule where one rules for the benefit of the one who rules.
oligarchy
junta
tyranny
anarchy
A type of rule where a few rule for the benefit of the ones who rule.
anarchy
tyranny
ochlocracy
oligarchy
A type of rule where many rule for the benefit of those who rule.
ochlocracy
democracy
junta
tyranny
A type of rule that can be ruled by one, few, or many but where the rules come from a god or religious rules.
democracy
oligarchy
theocracy
monarchy
A non-type of rule with no rulers.
monarchy
ochlocracy
anarchy
democracy
In anacyclosis, the type of rule that comes after oligarchy is
aristocracy
tyranny
ochlocracy
democracy
In anacyclosis, the type of rule that comes between monarchy and aristocracy is
ochlocracy
oligarchy
tyranny
anarchy
In anacyclosis, identify the three “good” types of government.
monarchy, tyranny, democracy
aristocracy, oligarchy, democracy
monarchy, aristocracy, ochlocracy
monarchy, aristocracy, democracy
In anacyclosis, the type of rule that comes before ochlocracy is
monarchy
democracy
anarchy
aristocracy
This author wrote about anacyclosis in his book, The Histories.
Aristotle
Polybius
Socrates
Plato
Why won’t Socrates escape from his cell while waiting to be put to death?
Crito doesn’t offer a large enough bribe and Socrates doesn’t want to look cheap.
Athens had a system where Socrates’ family would have had to take on his punishment instead.
Leaving would be wrong, like disrespecting your parents and giving up all you believed in.
Leaving wouldn’t solve his problem, since Athens would just hunt him down.
For Socrates, the social contract is
a reciprocal relationship in that the state invests in us and protects us and we must obey it.
an agreement to abide only by the laws we approve of.
a give-and-take relationship where states and citizens should expect to get out what they put in.
an agreement to do no harm to people or the state.
For Thoreau, what is the only area that we should look to when following a law?
The courts and their rulings.
Our conscience.
The will of the majority.
The laws a country has.
Why did Thoreau not pay his poll tax but paid his other taxes?
He thought poll taxes should be illegal.
He strongly disagreed with what the tax would be used for: promoting slavery and the Mexican American War.
He strongly disagreed with what the tax would be used for: roads and bridges.
He simply forgot to pay his poll tax.
According to Martin Luther King, Jr., what is a just law?
A law that has been tested in the courts.
A law that a majority of people agree to.
A law the focuses on people.
A law uplifts humanity.
How did Martin Luther King, Jr. argue the idea that civil disobedience represented the highest respect for the law?
If people who committed civil disobedience but didn’t know they were doing so.
If people who committed civil disobedience only broke state laws.
If people accepted their punishment quietly.
If people accepted the penalty to convince others it was an immoral law that was broken.
According to Max Weber, the state is the only human entity that has what?
A monopoly on the use of force.
A right to self-defense.
A working social contract.
A set of boundaries.
Which individual always objected to violence in opposing the state, no matter the wrong?
Nelson Mandela
Osama bin Laden
Mahatma Gandhi
Malcolm X
Which of the following is not a framework for assessing if violence is just or not?
right intention
ethical behavior
last resort
just cause
Although the state commonly calls them terrorists, what do they (and others who support them) often call themselves?
soldiers
heroes
freedom fighters
warriors
Identify the term: the real of hypothetical condition of human beings before or without political association.
state of nature
natural rights
social contract
freedom
Identify the term: rights that are not dependent on the laws so are universal and inalienable.
state of nature
social welfare
social contract
natural rights
Identify the term: an implicit agreement among members of a society to make political tradeoffs to enhance cooperation.
state of nature
laws
social contract
natural rights
Identify the term: a myth knowingly propagated to maintain social harmony or advance an agenda.
mythos
noble lie
tall tale
Manifest Destiny
Identify the term: an authoritarian nationalistic system of government and social organization.
fascism
monarchy
tyranny
anarchy
Identify the term: a political philosophy that opposes government and political authority in any form.
democracy
ochlocracy
libertarian
anarchy
Identify the term: the governing body of a nation, state, or community.
state
authoritarian
government
democracy
Identify the term: a nation or territory organized into a political community under one government.
government
state
authoritarian
social contract
Identify the term: the monitoring of behavior, activities, or information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing, or directing.
surveillance
law and order
panopticon
video tape
Identify the term: demands for a strict criminal justice system through stricter criminal penalties sometimes involving the restriction of civil rights or liberties.
surveillance
authoritarian
fascism
law and order
Identify the term: a political philosophy favoring or enforcing strict obedience to government at the expense of personal freedom.
fascism
monarchy
authoritarian
libertarian
Identify the term: a political philosophy against state power and favoring personal freedom.
anarchy
libertarian
autonomy
authoritarian
Identify the term: the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action.
liberty
freedom
autonomy
libertarian
Identify the term: the ability of people to make free political decisions or votes that are respected and honored.
liberty
freedom
autonomy
libertarian
Identify the term: a cyclical theory of political evolution.
political movement
revolution
anacyclosis
Polybius
Identify the term: (c. 200-118 BC) a Greek historian noted for his work The Histories and his analysis of the separation of powers in government.
Aristotle
Polybius
Plato
Socrates
Identify the term: a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences to highlight its immorality.
rule breaking
anarchy
illegal acts
civil disobedience
Identify the term: (1817-1862) American philosopher who believed in humans basic goodness and was against a government that carried out immoral activity.
Martin Luther King, Jr
Mahatma Gandhi
John Brown
Henry David Thoreau
Identify the term: (1929-1968) American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who organized nonviolent civil disobedience and mass demonstrations.
Martin Luther King, Jr
Crito
Henry David Thoreau
John Brown
Identify the term: the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
revolution
terrorism
war
rebellion
According to Plato, average people lack the knowledge and control of emotions necessary to make informed and rational decisions about governmental policies and laws so they should entrust such matters to
those who have the most power to enforce the law.
no one other than themselves.
the will of the community.
those who know the most, like philosophers.
Plato says that social and political order depends on our accepting of the “noble lie” that
philosophers are not naturally better at forming societies.
certain people have a God given right to rule over others.
we replace self-interest with selflessness among the lower classes.
philosophers should rule because they prefer the interests of society.
In Plato’s ideal state, while workers are allowed greed and property ownership, the rulers and law enforcers are not because
the enforcers are used to following orders while the rulers are better at giving orders.
having property gives individuals purpose and it’s too much for those groups.
Plato does not want them to have other political commitments.
concern for private or personal matters would turn their attention away from their responsibilities.
“Where there is no coercive power erected, that is, where there is no commonwealth, there is no propriety; all men having right to all things: therefore, where there is no commonwealth, there is nothing unjust.” Here Hobbes notes that without the state and the contract to follow laws
any act is permissible.
all acts, except immoral acts in a state of nature, are permissible.
only acts that violate the law have any moral meaning.
morality and legality are meaningless: only power matters.
In Hobbes’ state of nature, people are in a war of “all against all” because they compete for scarce resources and
act irrationally, contrary to natural law.
rely on government to protect private property.
do not agree on what is right, proper, or just.
defy the will of the ruler.
“It is manifest that, during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war, and such a war as is of every man against every man.” Here Hobbes
indicates why a just society cannot permit people to pursue their own interests.
describes the state of nature situation in which humans are unregulated by law.
provides the justification for why a people should free themselves from tyranny.
shows how threats of punishment education citizens to obey the law.
In civil society, Hobbes argues, people are obligated to follow the dictates of the ruler because
the sovereign embodies the people’s will that a set of laws can be enforced to bring peace.
in the state of nature the sovereign is the strongest and most likely to be rational.
by virtue of his or her birth, the sovereign is God’s chosen leader and demands obedience.
without a sovereign, there is no civil or natural law.
Which of the following does Hobbes NOT believe is a fundamental law of nature?
Every person ought to seek peace and to defend him or herself.
In order to achieve peace, individuals should give up their rights as long as others do too.
Anyone who disagrees with the ruler has a moral right to follow his or her conscience.
Individuals should abide by their agreements.
Which of the following is NOT one of Hobbes’ fundamental laws of nature?
We should seek peace and defense ourselves against those who would destroy us.
It is rational to yield our natural rights in a social contract to be free of the fear of being killed.
We should keep our agreements to obey the law.
We should always follow our consciences, even if it disagrees with the state.
Hobbes argues that civil disobedience is never justified based on appeals to so-called civil rights, because those very rights
require that each person follow his or her conscience.
do not exist apart from the in law.
are matters of political or civil interest and not of an ethical concern.
cannot be violated unless we agree to obey the law.
According to Hobbes, rebellion against the state cannot be justified by claiming that they failed to live up to their social contract because
it is the sovereign who forces subjects to form a social contract in the first place.
the sovereign’s way of distinguishing right and wrong is based on selfishness, not natural law.
not even the sovereign can keep all his or her promises, especially those in the social contract.
the sovereign does not agree to, and thus cannot fail to abide by, a contract with the subjects – only the subjects with each other.
Hobbes claims that fear drives people out of a state of nature in which there are no universally agreed upon moral distinctions, but Locke claims that
in the state of nature, the ruler determines morals, but in civil society the people do.
resources in the state of nature are plentiful so moral distinctions are unnecessary.
there are moral distinctions in the state of nature, but civil society offers hope for a better life.
moral distinctions in the state of nature are established by God, but in civil society there is no morality.
According to Locke, human beings have a natural, God given right to own private property so long as they
make the products of their labor available to other people and distribute those products to others.
limit their property-claims only to what is recognized as legitimate according to law.
transform nature, through their labor, into something they can use before spoiling.
can transform what they own into money or other wealth.
According to Locke, the primary role of government is
to distribute the products of labor to people’s needs.
to implements laws that educate individuals how to share with others.
to limit the extent to which individuals engage in trade.
to arbitrate conflicts in property-claims and facilitate the exchange of labor.
Locke argues that individuals in the state of nature recognize the need for government and laws, because in the state of nature
the government has a right to take away property from people.
wealth is distributed on ability or inheritance in the state of nature.
moral distinctions are only based on civil laws, not on natural rights.
there are no impartial judges or sufficient powers to protect natural rights.
According to Locke, civil disobedience is only permitted when
there is a conflict among individuals about how to resolve disputes over private property.
individuals in the state of nature recognize that cooperation can improve their lives.
the state fails to represent the people or to protect property rights.
violating the law is the only way that people can voice their opinions.
According to Rousseau, even people who disagree with a law are obligated to obey it because
all laws are expressions of what is good for the community at large (the “common good”).
people’s naturally good and compassionate natures are perverted in societies.
people recognize that they are naturally bad and need that self-control.
it is by the will of the majority, even if it violates the “common good.”
Rousseau argues that even through people are naturally virtuous, they become selfish in society because they are encouraged
to base their interactions on a social contract rather than on merit.
to think of people in terms of wealth or prestige instead of relying on their natural concern for others.
to obey only those laws that are self-imposed.
to develop their moral sensitivities through education.
According to Rousseau, the social contract is a tacit agreement to abide by the general will; the general will is
always expressed by whatever the majority thinks is right.
what those in the ruling class say is best for society.
what we in society genuinely will for ourselves, even if it contradicts the majority.
the will of the government and the will to protect private property.
Although Rousseau is often thought of as more libertarian than authoritarian, he believes humans are
trustworthy in the state of nature only if they abide by the general will instead of their personal wills.
naturally able to make good decisions about personal matters but need guidance in society.
individuals only if they are recognized as such by government.
able to distinguish decisions dealing with personal matters from those that have political implications.
According to J.S. Mill, the only guideline for restricting others from intruding in the affairs of individuals is to
allow the state to implement laws to improve people’s characters and conscience.
limit the domain of law to only where harm to another is involved.
prohibit individuals from forcing their views on anyone else.
prevent the development of personal values and the expression of individuality.
The political libertarian views concern
whether individuals have or should have the right to act without government interference.
whether individuals have the right to form governments.
whether civil liberties we enjoy are shared by other cultures.
whether individuals know that they are free to choose when they are not physically able to act on those decisions.
Political libertarians say that no government has the right to enact laws that protect people form themselves or force people to help others live a good life, because no one has
an obligation to obey the state.
a right to a good life.
a sense of what is good for him or herself.
a natural right to liberty and property.
“Against individualism, Fascism supports the state and supports the individual insofar as he coincides with the State … For the Fascist, everything is in the State; nothing human or spiritual exists, much less has value, outside the State … Fascism is thus for liberty, the only liberty which can be a real thing, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State.” This passage by Mussolini describes fascism as
a defense of the belief that the individual can only be free if the state does not interfere.
a way the state can interfere in people’s lives without impacting their freedom.
a criticism of other ways of political organization.
a philosophy where the individual and freedom depend wholly on the state.
