WorksheetsMicroS03LQ3 - Togaviridae (Rubivirus)
Total questions: 31
Worksheet time: 18mins
• Enveloped virus with SS (+) RNA genome
• Replication includes early (Nonstructural) and late (structural) protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
• Comprised of 3 major virion polypeptides: C & envelope GP E1 & E2
→ Hemagglutinin (E1) = Envelope protein responsible for viral hemagglutination and neutralization
Rubivirus
Alphavirus
Arbovirus
Flavivirus
(Rubella Virus)
It means "little red" in Latin and it causes German measles (3-day measles) or Tigdas hangin
(a)
(Rubella Virus)
• Enveloped virus must stay wet
• Inactivated by drying, soap, and detergents
• Respiratory virus characterized by rash and lymphadenopathy affecting both children and young adults
• Mildest of common viral exanthems [Jawetz, 28e]
• Does not cause readily detectable cytopathology
• Morphologically and physicochemically related to Togaviridae but NOT transmitted by arthropods
Rubella virus
Dengue virus
Yellow fever virus
Digong virus
(Rubella Virus) Pathogenesis
Rubella virus has the same structural properties and mode of replication as the other togaviruses but rubella is a ________ virus and does not cause readily detectable cytopathologic effects
Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Hematological
Neurologic
(Rubella Virus) Pathogenesis
___________ is the replication process of Rubella virus and it prevents the replication of superinfecting picornaviruses
Heterologous interference
Homologous interference
(Rubella Virus) Pathogenesis
Steps:
1. Virus infects URT
2. Viremia
3. Infection of other tissues and characteristic mild rash
4. Spreads to local lymph nodes (coincides with a period of lymphadenopathy)
5.After appearance of rash, the virus remains detectable only in the nasopharynx, where it may persist for several weeks
1-4-2-3-5
1-3-4-2-5
1-2-4-3-5
1-3-2-4-5
(Rubella Virus) Pathogenesis
The infected person can shed virus in respiratory droplets during the prodromal period (______ weeks) and for as long as 2 weeks after the onset of the rash
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
Clinical Manifestations
What is the condition?
Postnatal Rubella
Forchheimer spots
Congenital Rubella
Clinical Manifestations
What is the condition?
Postnatal Rubella
Forchheimer spots
Congenital Rubella
Clinical Manifestations
Discrete rose-colored spots on the soft palate that may coalesce into a red blush and extend over the faces and a clinical manifestation of postnatal rubella
Koplik spots
Forchheimer spots
Clinical Manifestations
• Most serious outcome of rubella infection
• If mother does not have antibody, the virus can replicate in the placenta and spread to the fetal blood supply and throughout the fetus ---> The virus can replicate in most fetal tissues
Postnatal Rubella
Forchheimer spots
Congenital Rubella
Clinical manifestations
In congenital rubella, the virus may not be cytolytic (means that normal growth, mitosis, and chromosomal structure of the cells can be altered by infection)
These alteration can leads to the following EXCEPT?
Improper development of the fetus
Small size of the infected baby
Teratogenic effects associated with congenital rubella infection
Paternal death
Clinical manifestations
The nature of congenital rubella is determined by the tissue affected and the stage of development disrupted where...
Growth rate of infected cells is reduced, resulting in fewer number of cells in affected organs at birth
Growth rate of infected cells is increased, resulting in more number of cells in affected organs at birth
May lead to deranged & hypoplastic organ development causing structural anomalies in the newborn
Clinical manifestations
Clinical features of CR may be grouped into 3 broad categories:
1. Transient effects in infants
2. Permanent manifestations where it yay be apparent at birth or become recognized during the first year
3. (a) that appear and progress during childhood and adolescence
Hint: 2 words
1st word: course natin pero yung maling sinasabi ng mga tao kapag sinasabi nila
2nd word: not normalities
Clinical manifestations
Timing of fetal infection in CR determines extent of teratogenic effect. Which of the following is/are true?
The earlier in pregnancy infection occurs the greater
damage to the fetus
The more late in pregnancy infection occurs the greater
damage to the fetus
Birth defects are uncommon if maternal infection occurs after 20th week of gestation
Birth defects are common if maternal infection occurs after
20th week of gestation
Clinical manifestations (CR)
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Clinical manifestations
The classic triad of CR are...
1. Abnormalities of Eyes (cataracts)
2. Abnormalities of Ears (deafness)
3. Abnormalities of Heart (cardiac abnormalities)
1. Abnormalities of Eyes (cataracts)
2. Skin problems (dermatitis)
3. Abnormalities of Heart (cardiac abnormalities)
1. Abnormalities of Eyes (cataracts)
2. Abnormalities of Ears (deafness)
3. Abnormalities of Lungs (pulmonary edema)
1. Abnormalities of Brain (neurological problems
2. Abnormalities of Ears (deafness)
3. Abnormalities of Heart (cardiac abnormalities)
Clinical manifestations (CR)
This symptom can also be seen in other viruses such as CMV
Blueberry muffin skin lesions
Fordyce spots
Koplik spots
Forchheimer spots
Clinical manifestations
It is a rare complication of CR in the CNS where it develops in the second decade of life in children & is a severe neurologic deterioration that inevitably progresses to death
Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis
Chronic Rubella Panencephalitis
Acute Rubella Panencephalitis
Clinical manifestations (CR)
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Immunity
Blue box
IgG antibodies
IgM antibodies
IgE antibodies
IgA antibodies
Immunity
Orange box
Only one (1) serotype
Only two (2) serotype
Only three (3) serotype
Only four (4) serotype
Diagnosis
1
Serology
Viral Isolation
Viral Detection
Molecular Typing
Diagnosis
2
Serology
Viral Isolation
Viral Detection
Molecular Typing
Diagnosis
3
Serology
Viral Isolation
Viral Detection
Molecular Typing
Diagnosis
4
Serology
Viral Isolation
Viral Detection
Molecular Typing
Diagnosis
Orange box
Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test
Immunochemistry test
Fecal Occult test
Swab test
Diagnosis
Green box
Urine
Sweat
Saliva
Blood
Treatment and Management
Mild, self-limiting illness will not require specific treatment but need supportive management especially for moderate-to-severe cases
True
False
Treatment and Management
Vaccine available as single antigen or combined with measles and mumps (MMR)
True
False
Treatment and Management
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pAg0D n4h aQu0h
auq0h n4h
STAAAAAAAAAAPHHHHHHHHHHHHH
