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Cumulative Check review AP Psy

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which perspective thinks the unconscious mind influences everything we do?

a)

Biological

b)

Behavioral

c)

Cognitive

d)

Psychodynamic

2.

If a child is behaving poorly, it is likely because this behavior has been rewarded somehow.

a)

Sociocultural

b)

Behavioral

c)

Biological

d)

Psychodynamic

3.

Which perspective suggests that an imbalance of hormones can contribute to aggressive behavior?

a)

Biological

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Humanistic

d)

Cognitive

4.

Which perspective would agree with the following: "Change your thoughts, change your life"?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Cognitive

c)

Biological

d)

Psychodynamic

5.

The basic principles used to judge the ethics of research include:

a)

experimental group, control group, hypothesis, and replication

b)

independent variable, dependent variable, placebo, and double-blind

c)

scientific validity, expertise of the researcher, cost, and time involved

d)

informed consent, protection from harm, confidentiality, and debriefing

6.

Dr. Mueller is trying to determine if map work helps students learn the names of the states. In the first class, the teacher presents a lesson on the states and has the students complete a map exercise. In the second class, the teacher presents only the lesson. At the end of the unit, each class is given a test on the states. The experimental group in the experiment is the:

a)

first class

b)

second class

c)

the map exercises

d)

the test at the end of the unit

7.

Professor Aronow is running an experiment trying to determine the effects of stress on decision making. In the experiment, one group of subjects is put under stress through the use of a mild electrical shock. The subjects are then asked to complete a survey. The other subjects are only given the survey. In this experiment, the independent variable is the:

a)

survey

b)

subjects

c)

mild electrical current

d)

way subjects are assigned to each group

8.

Longitudinal studies

a)

study the same group of people over a long period of time

b)

are too expensive and impractical for modern psychological researchers

c)

compare individuals from different age groups at one time

d)

examine individuals in the long-distant past and attempt to determine their motives

9.

If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriage than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are:

a)

show no correlation

b)

dependent variables

c)

independent variables

d)

negatively correlated

10.

If two variables are not related in any way, their correlation is:

a)

0

b)

+0.5

c)

-0.5

d)

+1

11.
"Monday Morning Quarterback" rarely act surprised about the outcome of the weekend football games.  This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which psychological principle?
a)
Overconfidence
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Intuition
d)
Illusory Correlation
12.
Which of the following is a potential problem for a case study?
a)
They provide too much detail and the researcher is likely to lose track of the most important facts.
b)
They are generally  too expensive to economical
c)
They may be misleading because they don't fairly represent other cases
d)
The dependent variable is difficult to operationally define in a case study
13.
The condition that exists when the probability that the findings are not due to chance
a)
statistical significance
b)
experimenter bias
c)
confounding variables
14.
each time a study is repeated, the results are consistent.
a)
validity
b)
reliability
c)
sample
15.
Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable. 
a)
control group
b)
population
c)
confounding variables
16.
Division of the sample into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group or condition.
a)
single blind
b)
double blind
c)
random assignment
d)
random sampling
17.
A psychological or physical treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but that contains no active ingredient. 
a)
independent variable
b)
placebo
c)
dependent variable
18.
A description of the specific procedure used to determine the presence of a variable.  Created so that the experiment can be replicated by others.
a)
operational definition
b)
independent variable
c)
controlled group
19.
Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.
a)
single blind study
b)
case study
c)
double blind study
20.
Suggested rules for acting responsible and morally when conducting research.
a)
ethics
b)
guidelines
c)
rules
21.
part of autonomic nervous, calms you down
a)
Parasympathetic 
b)
sympathetic 
22.
chemical messager, released into the bloodstream, slow but long lasting
a)
neurotransmitter
b)
hormones
23.
receiving end of a neuron
a)
dendrites
b)
synapatics
24.
Which neurotransmitter affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal?
a)
Acetylcholine (ACh)
b)
Serotonin
c)
GABA
d)
Dopamine
25.

Anna recently hit her head while rock climbing. Since the accident, her memory of the past has been limited and she has had trouble forming new memories. Based on this information she most likely damaged which brain component?

a)

amygdala

b)

hippocampus

c)

hypothalamus

d)

thalamus

26.

Heart rate, digestion, pupil dilation are involuntary processes controlled by the ____ nervous system

a)

autonomic

b)

automatic

c)

peripheral

d)

somatic

27.

Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

a)

cerebellum

b)

cerebrum

c)

reticular formation

d)

pons

28.

The fatty layer of cells that is wrapped around many axons is called the

a)

terminal button

b)

synapse

c)

nodes of Ranvier

d)

myelin sheath

29.
electrical charged particles found both inside and outside neuron 
a)
ion
b)
vessicles
c)
synapes
30.
Although located far from the eyes the ______ helps with vision. 
a)
Frontal Lobe
b)
Occipital Lobe
c)
Parietal Lobe
d)
Reticular Formation 
31.
A functional MRI (fMRI) and a PET scan both:
a)
provide a way to measure the functioning and activity of the brain.
b)
produce black and white scans of the brain’s structures.
c)
create selective injuries that allow researchers to study brain function.
d)
provide detailed computerized interpretations of brain dysfunctions.
32.
The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the:
a)
cerebral cortex.
b)
cerebellum.
c)
medulla.
d)
hippocampus.
33.
Humans with damage to the amygdala show decreased:
a)
fear response.
b)
sex drive.
c)
incidence of depression.
d)
allergies to food.
34.
The left hemisphere of the brain specializes in which of the following?
a)
visual-spatial perception
b)
language
c)
emotional thought and recognition
d)
pattern recognition
35.
Reward centers trigger the release of what neurotransmitter?
a)
Acetycholine
b)
Serotonin
c)
Dopamine
d)
Norepinephrine
36.
A molecule that stimulates a response by binding to a receptor site is an...
a)
Agonist
b)
Antagonist
c)
Axon
d)
Ion
37.
Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in:
a)
extraversion
b)
temperament
c)
neuroticism
d)
all of the above
38.
An impaired use of language is known as:
a)
lateralization
b)
aphasia
c)
amygala
d)
plasticity
39.
The master gland of the endocrine system is the
a)
pancreas
b)
gonads
c)
thyroid gland
d)
pituitary gland
40.
Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the
a)
medulla.
b)
corpus callosum.
c)
angular gyrus.
d)
limbic system.
41.
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes are called
a)
genes.
b)
genomes.
c)
epigenetics.
d)
heredity.
42.
Heritability refers to the extent to which
a)
trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations.
b)
unrelated individuals share common genes.
c)
nurture controls a trait rather than nature.
d)
adult personality is determined by infant personality.
43.
Controls arousal
a)
Reticular Formation
b)
Thalamus
c)
Amygdala
d)
Medulla
44.
Receives sensory information and relays it to the proper part of brain for further processing
a)
Hypothalamus
b)
Reticular Formation
c)
Cerebellum
d)
Thalamus
45.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
46.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
47.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
48.
Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This illustrates: 
a)
telegraphic speech.
b)
linguistic determinism.
c)
functional fixedness.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
49.
Which of the following is NOT included as part of today’s general definition of intelligence?
a)
the ability to solve problems
b)
nthe ability to use knowledge to adapt to new situations
c)
the ability to understand people and emotions
d)
the ability to learn from experience
50.
A typical one-year-old child:
a)
uses telegraphic speech.
b)
imitates two-word phases.
c)
is in the cooing stage.
d)
has lost the ability to discriminate phoneme sounds outside her native language.
51.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
52.
Any system that encodes, stores and retrieves information
a)
Chunking
b)
Memory
c)
Sensory experience
d)
Rehearsal
53.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 memory tasks?
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
54.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
55.
Retention of encoded material over time.
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
56.
Location and recovery of info from memory
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
57.
Part of LTM that stores memories of how things are done.
a)
Declarative memory
b)
Acoustic memory
Elaborative memory
c)
Acoustic memory
d)
Procedural memory
58.
The rules of language
a)
Grammer
b)
Morphemes
c)
Language acquistion
d)
Script
59.
A knowledge cluster 
a)
Script
b)
Schema
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
60.
Negative reinforcement _______ the rate of a response; punishment ______ the rate of a response.
a)
Increases; decreases
b)
Decreases; increases
c)
Decreases; decreases
d)
Increases; does not affect
61.

Attention, memory, imitation and motivation are the four elements required for the process of:

a)

Insight learning

b)

Latent learning

c)

Observational (social) learning

d)

Spontaneous recovery

62.
John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _____________ in their study.
a)
discriminative stimulus
b)
conditioned stimulus
c)
unconditioned stimulus
d)
extinguished stimulus
63.

If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate it. This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by

a)

intrinsic motivation

b)

spontaneous recovery

c)

biological predispositions

d)

conditioned reinforcers

64.

Maddie gets a speeding ticket, and her parents take her car away for 2 weeks. What type of Operational Conditioning is taking place?

a)

positive punishment

b)

negative punishment

c)

positive reinforcement

d)

negative reinforcement

65.
 When an animal receives a punishment but learns that pressing a button will eliminate the punishment, escape learning takes place. However, if there is no response that will turn off the shock, the situation is best described as what?
a)
avoidance learning
b)
learned helplessness
66.

A particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells...

a)

Efferent neurons

b)

Afferent neurons

c)

Mirror neurons

d)

Motor neurons

e)

Schwann cells

67.
Marie works in a dress factory where she earns $10 for each three dresses she hems. Marie is paid on a
a)
variable ratio
b)
fixed interval
c)
fixed ratio
d)
variable interval
68.

If a child is offered a reward after they earn five A’s on her homework assignments. After her fifth A on a homework assignment, she gets to pick out a new toy, what type of intermittent reinforcement does this display?

a)

Variable Ratio Schedule - VR

b)

Fixed Interval Schedule - FI

c)

Variable Interval Schedule - VI

d)

Fixed Ratio Schedule - FR

69.

Which is the defintion of extinction?

a)

No longer an organism species exists

b)

Getting rid of an unconditioned response

c)

Diminishing a conditioned response

d)

Only answering to the stimulus

70.

Motivation that comes from inside the learner.

a)

Intrinsic motivation

b)

Extrinsic motivation

71.

Motivation that comes from outside influence or circumstance.

a)

Intrinsic motivation

b)

Extrinsic motivation

72.

Sea turtles, newly hatched on a beach, will automatically move toward the ocean is an example of

a)

Motivation

b)

Reflex

c)

Instinct

d)

Nurture

73.

•Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is shown as a pyramid of human needs, beginning with physiological. What is the significance of the pyramid shape?

a)

You must first meet the lower level needs then move up. Each need is lesser insignificance

b)

You can meet them in any order

c)

You must first meet the lower level needs which are necessary for survival then you move to the next level and so on.

d)

Once you meet a need, you can never go back down

74.

Emotions are a mix of consciously experienced thoughts expressive behaviors, and physiological arousal. Which theory emphasized the importance of the consciously experienced thoughts?

a)

A. Facial feedback theory

b)

B. James-Lange theory

c)

C. Arousal and performance theory

d)

D.Fight or flight theory

e)

E.Schachter-Stinger two factor theory

75.

What describes our tendency to help others when we are in a good mood?

a)

A.Relative deprivation

b)

B.Tend and befriend response

c)

C.Feel-Good Do-Good phenomenon

d)

D.Fight or flight response

e)

E.General adaptation syndrome

76.

______________ is the idea that physiological needs create an aroused state that motivates an organism to reduce the need.

a)

A.Instinct theory

b)

B.Drive-reduction theory

c)

C.Self-assertion instinct

d)

D.Arousal theory

e)

E.Hierarchy of needs

77.

A person who eats excessively and never seems to feel full may have which of the following conditions?

a)

A.Tumor in the hypothalamus.

b)

B.Too much insulin.

c)

C.Stomach ulcer.

d)

D.Stomach bypass surgery.

e)

E.Too much obesatin.

78.

The four stages of Piaget's cognitive development (in order) are:

a)

Sensory-motor, pre-operational, formal operational, concrete operational.

b)

Sensory-motor, formal operational, concrete operational, optional.

c)

Sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational.

d)

Sensory-motor, abstract operational, logical operational, formal operational.

79.

Kohlberg believed...

a)

There is a universal sequence to the development of morality and the stages begin earlier in childhood.

b)

There are 5 stages of moral development.

c)

There is a strict structure to how children develop that must be adhered to. Children can not move outside of these set groups.

d)

There are four aspects of cognitive development.

80.

Erik Erikson (1902-1994) believed:

a)

Each child develops an understanding of the distinct nature of the self. They develop a unique sense of identity.

b)

Each adult develops an understanding of themselves after a certain age which they must develop into middle age.

c)

Each person develops a unique perspective of the world around them.

d)

Each adult fights an internal battle in moving past ego-centricism.

81.

In order, the four elements to Bandura's 'Social Learning Theory' are:

a)

Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation-reinforcement.

b)

Retention, reproduction, emotion and motivation-reinforcement.

c)

Reproduction, attention, retention and motivation.

d)

Attention, reproduction, motivation-reinforcement and retention.

82.

Which is designed to predict a person’s future performance?

a)

Mental age

b)

Intelligence test

c)

Achievement test

d)

Aptitude test

83.

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest is called __________________________.

a)

standardization.

b)

reliability.

c)

content validity.

d)

predictive validity.

84.

Which of the following is likely NOT an indication of intellectual disability?

a)

An IQ score of 70

b)

An IQ score of 135

c)

Down syndrome

d)

Savant syndrome

85.

Fred and Eric are identical twins. Which is likely true about their intelligence?

a)

Their intelligence test scores are closely matched.

b)

Their brain matter volume and activation are different.

c)

Their environment has no influence on their intelligence.

d)

They have the same intelligence correlations as adopted siblings would.

86.
Information that activates a sensor is partof which of the following?
a)
sensation
b)
perception
c)
Humanistic approach
d)
Psychodynamic approach
87.
Noticing a stimulus at least 50% of the time is which of the following?
a)
sensation
b)
perception
c)
absolute threshold
d)
difference threshold
88.
Just noticable difference is which of the following?
a)
detecting a stimulus at least 50% of the time
b)
detecting a chane on stimuli at least 75% of the time
c)
the visible spectrum
d)
the sound spectrum
89.
ESP includes which of the following
a)
telepathy
b)
absolute threshold
c)
difference threshold
d)
ink blots
90.
Depth cues that only require one require one eye,
a)
Binocular Cue
b)
Trichronocular Cue
c)
Monocular Cue
d)
Single Vision Transparency
91.
ability to simultaneously recognize color,shape, size, and speed of automobile best illustrates
a)
Sensory Interaction
b)
Kinesthesis
c)
Subliminal Processing
d)
Parallel Processing
92.
light-sensitive inner surface of the eye,containing the rods and cones, is the
a)
Retina
b)
Fovea
c)
Optic Nerve
d)
Pupil
93.
Cones and rods are to vision as ________ are to audition.
a)
Cocheleas
b)
Hair Cells
c)
Eardrums
d)
Oval Windows
94.
The influence of schemas on our interpretations of ambiguous sensations best illustrates:
a)
top-down processing
b)
the phi phenomenon
c)
visual cature
d)
shape constancy
95.
A 3-D movie enhances one's sense of depth perception by simulating the effects of:
a)
perceptual constancy
b)
retinal disparity
c)
interposition
d)
convergence
96.
The cocktail party effect provides an example of:
a)
the phi phenomenon
b)
selective attention
c)
perceptual constancy
d)
perceptual set
97.
The smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time is called
a)
absolute threshold
b)
difference threshold
c)
sensory adaptation
d)
subliminal perception
98.

a hormone released by the pineal gland that increase feelings of relaxation and tiredness

a)

stimulant

b)

melatonin

c)

neuron

d)

tryptophan

99.

During this stage of sleep, you drift in and out of sleep and can be easily awakened.

a)

Stage 1

b)

Stage 2

c)

Stage 3

d)

Stage 4

100.

Naturally occurring cycle the body follows in the 24 hour cycle of the sun

a)

Sunrise/Sunset

b)

Moon rise

c)

Circadian rhythm

d)

Alarm Clock

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