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WorksheetsS1 AP Psychology Unit 4 Review 2021
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 56mins
Amazingly some people don't react the same way to some odours.
Some people have more sensory neutrons in their nose so they tend to be more sensitive to smells than others.
Our reaction to certain smells is learned through experience.
Those people that are exposed to those smells on a regular basis become desensitized to certain smells.
People who have bad body odour tend not to react the same as other people to certain smells because they are always exposed to a negative smell.
The smell of rotting flesh is particularly bad for humans because...
bacteria is breaking down the muscles and tendons in the meat.
it would be deadly for us to consume.
bacteria is releasing butyric acid while breaking down fats and proteins.
bacteria is releasing sulfur dioxide while breaking down the flesh.
What are the basic tastes?
Umami, Sugar, Savoury, bitter, sour
Salty, Savoury, Bitter, Sweet, Umami
Sweet, Salty, Bitter, Umami, Sour
Bitter, Sour, Fatty, Sugar, Salty
Which of the following influence our perception of pain (choose multiple)?
the brain's interpretation of CNS activity; literally sensing the pain
previous experiences with pain that influence our expectation
the reaction of others
the presence of a chemical that blocks the pain
the presence of a placebo
Which of the following are true when considering pain?
Pain gets in the way and serves little to no practical use
Pain is imaginary and only perceived by animals because of top-down processing
Pain is helpful because it helps keep animals' bodies safe from things that could do permanent damage
Pain is a personal experience and is different for everybody
The part of the ear is a thin muscle that vibrates is called the
ear drum
ear canal
hammer
Hearing loss that occurs in the inner ear is called a ____________ loss.
sensorineural
mixed
conductive
A conductive hearing loss could be caused by _________
illness
too much wax or fluid
problems before birth
A sensorineural hearing loss could be caused by _________
illness
too much wax or fluid
ear infection
What is the theory that concludes the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch?
Auditory Processing Theory
Frequency Theory
Gate Control Theory
James-Lange Theory
Which theory explains when links the pitch we hear with the location where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated.
Place Theory
Trichromatic Theory
Signal Detection Theory
Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory
The VISUAL CLIFF was used to measure
depth perception
absolute threshold
monocular cues
perceptual constancy
The black shape appears to be closer to us than the green one because of
interposition
linear perspective
There looks like there is movement in the image. This illusion is called
the phi phenomenon
color constancy
parallel processing
priming
The use of preexisting knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole.
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
Muller-Lyer illusion
perception
When the brain detects that the tension in the eye muscles is changing as the eyes turn inwards
convergence
Monocular depth cue
accommodation
retinal disparity
Define perceptual organization
The capacity for, or process of, reacting to certain stimuli selectively when several occur simultaneously
Everything we might notice (see, hear, touch, taste, smell) in our environment, as well as others’ messages to us, and our own feelings and thoughts
Grouping visual stimuli into a pattern that is familiar to us, placing things, even people, into categories
Color constancy refers to the fact that
light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting.
objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes.
the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness.
the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength.
colors remain the same hue even when the tint changes under our difference threshold.
The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called
retinal disparity.
monocular cues.
perceptual constancy.
depth perception.
sensory interaction.
The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates
interposition
closure
perceptual constancy
linear perspective
According to Gestalt psychologists, the way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of
closure
proximity
interposition
perceptual constancy
Since the image of a person approaching grows larger in our eyes, why do we not perceive that person turning into a giant?
We perceive that distance is decreasing.
Brightness constancy reveals the true size of the person
We unconsciously move our head to apply the motion parallax cue.
Our eyes recognize that images of giants are illusions.
Why is it that we can see the panda in the logo and not a bunch of black shapes?
We perceive the proximity of the shapes as a group
We automatically fill the gaps between the black shapes to create a panda
We simplify the scene into figures and background
Because of the Figure/Ground principle
Two monocular depth cues are most responsible for our ability to know that a jet flying overhead is at an elevation of several miles. One cue is relative size. What is the other?
Relative motion
Retinal disparity
Interposition
Light and shadow
Linear perspective
When look at a book in front of you, you probably perceive it as rectangular rather than trapezoidal as it appears to your retina. This shows the importance of
shape constancy
perceptual adaptation
figure-ground
retinal disparity
the principle of continuity
You see a friend approaching from the far end of the school courtyard. He looks small, but you assume he is his usual height because of
Weber's law
the phi phenomenon
shape constancy
size constancy
top-down processing
This is an example of what type of monocular depth cue?
Texture gradient
Linear perspective
interposition
motion parallax
Where does light refract?
Lens
Cornea
Pupil
Optic Nerve
The place where the optic nerve leaves the retina, where there are no light-sensitive cells is the ________________.
lens
cornea
blind spot
sclera
Light's __________ is the distance from peak to peak and determines the light's __________ or color. A light wave's ___________, or height, determines its __________ which influences its brightness.
wavelength, hue;
amplitude, intensity
amplitude, intensity;
wavelength, hue
wavelength, intensity;
amplitude, hue
amplitude, hue;
wavelength, intensity
The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
(a)
nearsightedness because the lens focuses on the image on a point in front of the retina
(a)
What is the theory that states opposing retinal processes enable color vision (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black)
Trichromatic Theory
Place Theory
Opponent-Process Theory
Signal Detection Theory
This definition explains which theory below - predicts how and when we detect the presences of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation
Signal Detection Theory
Figure Ground Theory
Place Theory
Frequency Theory
These nerve cells allow you to detect certain FEATURES, like shapes, angles, and movement.
feature detectors
parallel processing
bipolar cells
ganglion cells
When you see a car drive by, you SIMULTANEOUSLY take in the motion, form, depth, and color. Your brain's ability to MULTITASK like this is called
parallel processing
feature detection
dual processing
signal detection theory
Afterimages can be explained by the
opponent-process theory
trichromatic theory
The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as...
opponent process theory
feature detector
sensory interaction
Weber's law
absolute threshold
When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of orange soda with his glass of grape soda. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen soda had been replaced best illustrates
choice blindness
sensory interaction.
inattentional blindness.
change blindness.
Research participants picked one of two photographed faces as more attractive. When researchers cleverly switched the photos, participants readily explained why they preferred the face they had actually rejected. Their behavior illustrated
blind spot
inattentional blindness.
change blindness.
choice blindness
The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called
gestalt.
change blindness.
the cocktail party effect.
frequency.
IMAGE
the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
(a)
the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
(a)
the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret.
(a)
the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.
(a)
the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.
(a)
Combining senses; such as understanding flavor as not just taste, but also a combination of sight, smell and texture; is an example of
(a)
a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
(a)
the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time.
(a)
