The following passage is used for the question 13-16

At first, Neolithic settlements were hardly more than villages. But as their inhabitants mastered the art of farming, more complex human societies emerged. As wealth increased, these societies began to develop armies and to build walled cities. By the beginning of the Bronze Age, the concentration of larger numbers of people in the river valleys of Southwest Asia and Egypt was leading to a whole new pattern for human life.

As we have seen, early human beings formed small groups that developed a simple culture that enabled them to survive. As human societies grew and developed greater complexity, a new form of human existence called civilization then came into being. A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements. Historians have identified a number of basic characteristics of civilization, most of which are evident in the Southwest Asian and Egyptian civilizations. These include (1) an urban focus: cities became the centers of political, economic, social, cultural,and religious development; (2) a distinct religious structure: the gods were deemed crucial to the community’s success, and professional priestly classes,as stewards of the gods’ property, regulated relations with the gods; (3) new political and military structures: an organized government bureaucracy arose tomeet the administrative demands of the growing population while armies were organized to gain land and power and for defense; (4) a new social structure based on economic power: while kings and an upper class of priests, political leaders, and warriors dominated, there also existed large groups of free people(farmers, artisans, craftspeople) and at the very bottom, socially, a class of slaves; (5) the development of writing: kings, priests, merchants, and artisans used writing to keep records; and (6) new forms of significant artistic and intellectual activity: monumental architectural structures, usually religious, occupied a prominent place in urban enviroment.

Why does the author mention “Neolithic settlements” in paragraph 1 ?

The following passage is used for the question 13-16

At first, Neolithic settlements were hardly more than villages. But as their inhabitants mastered the art of farming, more complex human societies emerged. As wealth increased, these societies began to develop armies and to build walled cities. By the beginning of the Bronze Age, the concentration of larger numbers of people in the river valleys of Southwest Asia and Egypt was leading to a whole new pattern for human life.

As we have seen, early human beings formed small groups that developed a simple culture that enabled them to survive. As human societies grew and developed greater complexity, a new form of human existence called civilization then came into being. A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements. Historians have identified a number of basic characteristics of civilization, most of which are evident in the Southwest Asian and Egyptian civilizations. These include (1) an urban focus: cities became the centers of political, economic, social, cultural,and religious development; (2) a distinct religious structure: the gods were deemed crucial to the community’s success, and professional priestly classes,as stewards of the gods’ property, regulated relations with the gods; (3) new political and military structures: an organized government bureaucracy arose tomeet the administrative demands of the growing population while armies were organized to gain land and power and for defense; (4) a new social structure based on economic power: while kings and an upper class of priests, political leaders, and warriors dominated, there also existed large groups of free people(farmers, artisans, craftspeople) and at the very bottom, socially, a class of slaves; (5) the development of writing: kings, priests, merchants, and artisans used writing to keep records; and (6) new forms of significant artistic and intellectual activity: monumental architectural structures, usually religious, occupied a prominent place in urban enviroment.

According to paragraph 2, how was the class system structured ?

The following passage is used for the question 13-16

At first, Neolithic settlements were hardly more than villages. But as their inhabitants mastered the art of farming, more complex human societies emerged. As wealth increased, these societies began to develop armies and to build walled cities. By the beginning of the Bronze Age, the concentration of larger numbers of people in the river valleys of Southwest Asia and Egypt was leading to a whole new pattern for human life.

As we have seen, early human beings formed small groups that developed a simple culture that enabled them to survive. As human societies grew and developed greater complexity, a new form of human existence called civilization then came into being. A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements. Historians have identified a number of basic characteristics of civilization, most of which are evident in the Southwest Asian and Egyptian civilizations. These include (1) an urban focus: cities became the centers of political, economic, social, cultural,and religious development; (2) a distinct religious structure: the gods were deemed crucial to the community’s success, and professional priestly classes,as stewards of the gods’ property, regulated relations with the gods; (3) new political and military structures: an organized government bureaucracy arose tomeet the administrative demands of the growing population while armies were organized to gain land and power and for defense; (4) a new social structure based on economic power: while kings and an upper class of priests, political leaders, and warriors dominated, there also existed large groups of free people(farmers, artisans, craftspeople) and at the very bottom, socially, a class of slaves; (5) the development of writing: kings, priests, merchants, and artisans used writing to keep records; and (6) new forms of significant artistic and intellectual activity: monumental architectural structures, usually religious, occupied a prominent place in urban enviroment.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the bold statement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.

The following passage is for question 17-20.

Although we can imagine life based on something other than carbon chemistry, we know of no examples to tell us how such life might arise and survive.We must limit our discussion to life as we know it and the conditions it requires.The most important requirement is the presence of liquid water, not only as part of the chemical reactions of life, but also as a medium to transport nutrients and wastes within the organism.

The water requirement automatically eliminates many worlds in our solar system. The moon is airless, and although some data suggest ice frozen in the soil at its poles, it has never had liquid water on its surface. In the vacuum of the lunar surface, liquid water would boil away rapidly. Mercury too is airles and cannot have had liquid water on its surface for long periods of time. Venus has some traces of water vapor in its atmosphere, but it is much too hot for liquid water to survive. If there were any lakes or oceans of water on its surface when it was young, they must have evaporated quickly. Even if life began there,no traces would be left.

The inner solar system seems too hot, and the outer solar system seems too cold. The Jovian planets have deep atmospheres, and at a certain level, they have moderate temperatures where water might condense into liquid droplets. But it seems unlikely that life could begin there. The Jovian planets have no surfaces where oceans could nurture the beginning of life, and currents in the atmosphere seem destined to circulate gas and water droplets from regions of moderate temperature.

According to the first paragraph, what the author refers to as the most principal necessity for life condition to exist ?

The following passage is for question 17-20.

Although we can imagine life based on something other than carbon chemistry, we know of no examples to tell us how such life might arise and survive.We must limit our discussion to life as we know it and the conditions it requires.The most important requirement is the presence of liquid water, not only as part of the chemical reactions of life, but also as a medium to transport nutrients and wastes within the organism.

The water requirement automatically eliminates many worlds in our solar system. The moon is airless, and although some data suggest ice frozen in the soil at its poles, it has never had liquid water on its surface. In the vacuum of the lunar surface, liquid water would boil away rapidly. Mercury too is airles and cannot have had liquid water on its surface for long periods of time. Venus has some traces of water vapor in its atmosphere, but it is much too hot for liquid water to survive. If there were any lakes or oceans of water on its surface when it was young, they must have evaporated quickly. Even if life began there,no traces would be left.

The inner solar system seems too hot, and the outer solar system seems too cold. The Jovian planets have deep atmospheres, and at a certain level, they have moderate temperatures where water might condense into liquid droplets. But it seems unlikely that life could begin there. The Jovian planets have no surfaces where oceans could nurture the beginning of life, and currents in the atmosphere seem destined to circulate gas and water droplets from regions of moderate temperature.

The word automatically in the passage is the opposite in meaning to ?

The following passage is for question 17-20.

Although we can imagine life based on something other than carbon chemistry, we know of no examples to tell us how such life might arise and survive.We must limit our discussion to life as we know it and the conditions it requires.The most important requirement is the presence of liquid water, not only as part of the chemical reactions of life, but also as a medium to transport nutrients and wastes within the organism.

The water requirement automatically eliminates many worlds in our solar system. The moon is airless, and although some data suggest ice frozen in the soil at its poles, it has never had liquid water on its surface. In the vacuum of the lunar surface, liquid water would boil away rapidly. Mercury too is airles and cannot have had liquid water on its surface for long periods of time. Venus has some traces of water vapor in its atmosphere, but it is much too hot for liquid water to survive. If there were any lakes or oceans of water on its surface when it was young, they must have evaporated quickly. Even if life began there,no traces would be left.

The inner solar system seems too hot, and the outer solar system seems too cold. The Jovian planets have deep atmospheres, and at a certain level, they have moderate temperatures where water might condense into liquid droplets. But it seems unlikely that life could begin there. The Jovian planets have no surfaces where oceans could nurture the beginning of life, and currents in the atmosphere seem destined to circulate gas and water droplets from regions of moderate temperature.

The word “there” in the third paragraph refers to ?

The following passage is for question 17-20.

Although we can imagine life based on something other than carbon chemistry, we know of no examples to tell us how such life might arise and survive.We must limit our discussion to life as we know it and the conditions it requires.The most important requirement is the presence of liquid water, not only as part of the chemical reactions of life, but also as a medium to transport nutrients and wastes within the organism.

The water requirement automatically eliminates many worlds in our solar system. The moon is airless, and although some data suggest ice frozen in the soil at its poles, it has never had liquid water on its surface. In the vacuum of the lunar surface, liquid water would boil away rapidly. Mercury too is airles and cannot have had liquid water on its surface for long periods of time. Venus has some traces of water vapor in its atmosphere, but it is much too hot for liquid water to survive. If there were any lakes or oceans of water on its surface when it was young, they must have evaporated quickly. Even if life began there,no traces would be left.

The inner solar system seems too hot, and the outer solar system seems too cold. The Jovian planets have deep atmospheres, and at a certain level, they have moderate temperatures where water might condense into liquid droplets. But it seems unlikely that life could begin there. The Jovian planets have no surfaces where oceans could nurture the beginning of life, and currents in the atmosphere seem destined to circulate gas and water droplets from regions of moderate temperature.

Which of the following statements about the water on Venus is true ?

SOAL PBM

Bacalah tulisan berikut, kemudian jawablah soal-soal yang tersedia dengan memilih jawaban yang tepat diantara pilihan jawaban A, B, C, D, atau E.

[…]

1 Kebutuhan air bersih di Kabupaten Demak dalam beberapa tahun ke depan akan mengalami peningkatan yang sangat tajam. 2 Kondisi tersebut tidak dapat dihindari, karena kebutuhan air bersih bertambah seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk, […] pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten Demak yang ditandai dengan beroperasinya perusahan industri di sejumlah wilayah beberapa tahun terakhir.3 […] perusahaan daerah (BUMD) penyedia air bersih, PDAM telah melakukan antisipasi terhadap terjadinya peningkatan kebutuhan tersebut.4 Sejumlah bentuk antisipasi terhadap […] kebutuhan air bersih sudah mulai dilakukan oleh pihak PDAM.5 Salah satunya dengan pembangunan serta peningkatan […] produksi air bersih di wilayah yang terdampak kekurangan air bersih.

Judul yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi tulisan di atas adalah . . . .

Bacalah tulisan berikut, kemudian jawablah soal-soal yang tersedia dengan memilih jawaban yang tepat diantara pilihan jawaban A, B, C, D, atau E.

[…]

1 Kebutuhan air bersih di Kabupaten Demak dalam beberapa tahun ke depan akan mengalami peningkatan yang sangat tajam. 2 Kondisi tersebut tidak dapat dihindari, karena kebutuhan air bersih bertambah seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk, […] pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten Demak yang ditandai dengan beroperasinya perusahan industri di sejumlah wilayah beberapa tahun terakhir.3 […] perusahaan daerah (BUMD) penyedia air bersih, PDAM telah melakukan antisipasi terhadap terjadinya peningkatan kebutuhan tersebut.4 Sejumlah bentuk antisipasi terhadap […] kebutuhan air bersih sudah mulai dilakukan oleh pihak PDAM.5 Salah satunya dengan pembangunan serta peningkatan […] produksi air bersih di wilayah yang terdampak kekurangan air bersih.

Kata hubung yang tepat untuk melengkapi titik-titik pada kalimat 2 adalah . . . .