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Ecology Exam REVIEW

Total questions: 35

Worksheet time: 9hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Coyotes are opportunistic predators that are found throughout most of North America. They typically feed on small mammals, insects, and fruits and vegetables. They are known for their dietary adaptability. What would be the best description of their role in the food web?

a)

An herbivore

b)

A carnivore

c)

An omnivore

d)

A decomposer

2.

A food chain is illustrated below:

a)

Energy released from metabolism into the environment as heat.

b)

Oxygen released from metabolism produced by cellular respiration.

c)

The absorption of energy from the environment that has been created.

d)

D. The transport of glucose away from the organism through photosynthesis.

3.

If several species of carnivores are removed from an ecosystem, the most likely effect on the ecosystem will be:

a)

An increase in the kinds of autotrophs

b)

A decrease in the number of abiotic factors

c)

A decrease in stability among populations

d)

An increase in the rate of succession

4.
Which is NOT an abiotic factor:
a)
soil
b)
air
c)
bacteria;
d)
water
5.
Which one is NOT an example of a decomposer?
a)
mushroom
b)
leaves
c)
mold
d)
worm
6.
Where does the energy start in this food chain?
a)
Plant
b)
Sun
c)
Deer
d)
Wolf
7.

Makes its own food

a)

Herbivore

b)

Carnivore

c)

Heterotroph

d)

Autotroph

8.

Cannot make its own food

a)

Autotroph

b)

Producer

c)

Heterotroph

d)

Biomass

9.
In the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
10.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
11.
This diagram shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.
a)
Energy Pyramid
b)
Food Web
c)
Ecosystem
d)
Food Chain
12.
A diagram of a food web is shown below.Which organism receives the least amount of energy from the producers?
a)
Hawk
b)
Rabbit
c)
Grasshopper
d)
Mouse
13.

How much energy is transferred from one organism to another?

a)

only 10%

b)

all of it, 100%

c)

only 50%

d)

20%

14.

The diagram represents a model of a biomass pyramid. Which statement best describes what happens in this biomass pyramid?

a)

More organisms die at higher levels than at lower levels, resulting in less biomass at higher levels.

b)

Energy is lost to the environment at each level, so less biomass can be supported at each higher level.

c)

When organisms die at higher levels, their remains sink to lower levels, increasing the biomass of lower levels.

d)

Organisms decay at each level, and thus less biomass can be supported at higher levels

15.

Organisms that produce their own food mostly through photosynthesis (producers). Examples are plants and algae.

a)

Ominvore

b)

Detritivore

c)

Heterotroph

d)

Autotroph

16.

Heterotrophs that get energy and nutrition from dead or decaying organisms or their waste products and recycle nutrients back to the ecosystem.

a)

Producer

b)

Trophic

c)

Decomposer

d)

Autotrooph

17.

The populations of which organisms will most likely increase as a result of a disease that suddenly reduced the population of Texas horned lizards?

a)

Grasses and ants

b)

Ants and grasshoppers

c)

grasshoppers and Texas cottonmouths

d)

Texas cottonmouths and red-shouldered hawks

18.
Why might an organism have more than one arrow coming from them in a food web?
a)
More than one organism may eat them. 
b)
They may eat more than one other organism. 
c)
This organism gets its energy from multiple sources. 
d)
They have no resources available to them.
19.

How would the removal of earthworms from the food chain affect the other organisms?

a)

The number of bass will increase.

b)

The number of crayfish will decrease.

c)

The crayfish will get their energy directly from the sun.

d)

The number of bass and ospreys (bird) will increase.

20.

Which of the following will most likely happen to a predator population if its prey population decreases?

a)

there will be no change in the predator population

b)

there will be a decrease in the predator population over time

c)

there will be an increase in the predator population over time

d)

there will be an immediate extinction of the predator population

21.
Whaling was a very profitable profession until whale populations crashed. The global community came together to enact a ban on whaling. However, Japan and Norway have not agreed to stop whaling. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of their decision?
a)
The whale populations are bouncing back very successfully and are unaffected by Japan and Norway continuing to whale.
b)
The whale populations are not rebounding as quickly as they might if all of the countries agreed not to hunt whales. 
c)
The whale populations have mutated into new kinds of organisms.
d)
The whales are getting better at avoiding capture. 
22.
When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This can lead to rapid growth of algae in a process called eutrophication. How can this process affect other organisms in the water?
a)
Oxygen is used up as algae is decomposed, reducing the amount available to other organisms.
b)
The water becomes better able to support aerobic organisms.
c)
The algae provide food for fishes and other organisms, leading to decreased algae populations.
d)
The extra nitrogen provides additional food for the other organisms, increasing their population.
23.
The presence of wastes, such as plastic bags and motor oil, in lakes and streams miles away from developed areas suggests that
a)
ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium.
b)
recycling programs have failed to conserve biotic resources.
c)
natural processes can alter ecosystem stability.
d)
direct harvesting practices have led to irreversible destruction of ecosystems.
24.
After the Aswan High Dam was built on the Nile River, the rate of parasitic blood-flukeinfection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the fluke. These larvae then infected humans. This situation best illustrates that:
a)
the influence of humans on a natural system is always negative in the long term
b)
the influence of humans on a natural system can have unpredictable negative impacts
c)
human alteration of an ecosystem does not need to be studied to avoid ecological disaster
d)
human alteration of an ecosystem will cause pollution and loss of finite resources
25.
After a volcano erupts and destroys an ecosystem, a few organisms are able to begin growing from the decaying organic matter left behind. What do we call those organisms that are able to grow in little or no soil that first appear?
a)
adaptors
b)
pioneer species
c)
non-vascular plants
d)
decomposers
26.
Succession type?
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
tertiary succession
d)
variable succession
27.
Changes in an ecosystem over a long period of time are shown in the diagram below.
These changes will most likely lead to a:
a)
stable ecosystem that can last for many years
b)
loss of heterotrophs that cannot be recovered
c)
long-term rise in environmental temperatures
d)
forest consisting of only producers and decomposers
28.
 On remote islands, immigration and emigration usually do not have a large effect on population sizes. A bird population on a remote island remains at a relatively constant size year after year. Which of the following most likely describes the birthrate and the death rate for this population? 
a)
 Birthrate and death rate are both zero 
b)
 Birthrate and death rate are close to equal. 
c)
Birthrate is significantly less than death rate. 
d)
Birthrate is significantly greater than death rate. 
29.
Mullet are local estuarine fish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant matter. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans and dolphins. The graph below shows how the number of mullet in an area has changed over time. 
Based on the data, one student concludes that a new predator was introduced into the area during this time period. Which of the following is a likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population?
a)
mullet prey increased in the area
b)
 mullet parasites decreased in the area
c)
the temperature of the area increased
d)
the amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased
30.

You have been studying population growth of a species of Paramecium, a single celled organism for 18 days. Your data is shown in the graph below. Food was occasionally added to the test tube in which the paramecia were grown. According to the diagram, what is the carrying capacity of the test-tube environment as long as food is added?

a)

about 10 paramecia

b)

about 80 paramecia

c)

about 65 paramecia

d)

about 100 paramecia

31.
The common brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?
a)
 The possums became extinct.
b)
The possums developed shorter life spans.
c)
The possum population grew to a larger size.
d)
The possum population evolved into a different species.
32.
 When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true? 
a)
 Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate. 
b)
 Growth and immigration rate is greater than death and emigration rate. 
c)
Growth and immigration rate is less than death and emigration rate. 
d)
Growth rate is exponential. 
33.

Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself?

a)

The Sun provides the needed energy.

b)

Energy is transferred from plants to animals

c)

There are more consumers than producers.

d)

There are interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.

34.
Jill made the table below during her research on aquatic zones and living organisms.  Based on Jill’s observations, which conclusion could you draw?
a)
Organisms in the intertidal zone must be able to withstand very cold water.
b)
There are no producers in the benthic zone that rely on photosynthesis
c)
There are no producers in the benthic zone that rely on photosynthesis
d)
The warm water and abundant sunlight in the nertic zone limits the plankton population.
35.

What is the original source of Energy in a food web?

a)

Decomposers (Bacteria and Fungi)

b)

Producers (Plants)

c)

Consumers (Animals)

d)

Sun

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