다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

On the way home, Shirley noticed a truck ①parked in front of the house across the street. New neighbors! Shirley was dying to ②know about them. “Do you know anything about the new neighbors?” she asked Pa at dinner. He said, “Yes, and there’s one thing that may be ③interested to you.” Shirley had a billion more questions. Pa said joyfully, “They have a girl just your age. Maybe she wants to be your playmate.” Shirley nearly dropped her fork on the floor. How many times had she prayed for a friend? Finally, her prayers ④were answered! She and the new girl could go to school together, ⑤play together, and become best friends.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

At a publishing house and at a newspaper you learn the following: It’s not a mistake if it doesn’t end up in print. It’s the same for email. Nothing ①bad can happen if you haven’t hit the Send key. ②What you’ve written can have misspellings, errors of fact, rude comments, obvious lies, ③it doesn’t matter. If you haven’t sent it, you still have time ④to fix it. You can correct any mistake and nobody will ever know the difference. This is easier said than done, of course. Send is your computer’s most attractive command. But before you hit the Send key, ⑤make sure that you read your document carefully one last time.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Get past the ‘I wish I hadn’t done that!’ reaction. If the disappointment you’re feeling ①is linked to an exam you didn’t pass because you didn’t study for it, or a job you didn’t get because you said silly things at the interview, or a person you didn’t impress because you took entirely the wrong approach, ②accepting that it’s happened now. The only value of ‘I wish I hadn’t done that!’ is that you’ll know better ③what to do next time. The learning pay­off is useful and significant. This ‘if only I …’ agenda ④is virtual. Once you have worked that out, it’s time ⑤to translate it from the past tense to the future tense: ‘Next time I’m in this situation, I’m going to try to …’.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 옳은 것은?

If you care deeply about something, you may place greater value on your ability to succeed in that area of concern. The internal pressure you place on yourself to achieve or do well socially ①are normal and useful, but when you doubt your ability to succeed in areas that ②is important to you, your self­worth suffers. Situations are uniquely stressful for each of us ③to base on whether or not they activate our doubt. It’s not the pressure to perform that creates your stress. Rather, it’s the self­doubt ④which bothers you. Doubt causes you to see positive, neutral, and even genuinely negative experiences more negatively and as a reflection of your own shortcomings. When you see situations and your strengths more ⑤objective, you are less likely to have doubt as the source of your distress.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

When two people ①are involved in an honest and open conversation, there is a back and forth flow of information. It is a smooth exchange. Since each one is drawing on their past personal experiences, the pace of the exchange is as ②fast as memory. When one person lies, their responses will come more slowly because the brain needs more time to process the details of a new invention than ③to recall stored facts. As they say, “Timing is everything.” You will notice the time lag when you are having a conversation with someone who ④is making things up as they go. Don’t forget that the other person may be reading your body language as well, and if you seem to be ⑤disbelieved their story, they will have to pause to process that information, too.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Think, for a moment, about something you bought ①that you never ended up using. An item of clothing you never ended up wearing? A book you never read? Some piece of electronic equipment that never even made it out of the box? It ②is estimated that Australians alone spend on average $10.8 billion AUD (approximately $9.99 billion USD) every year on goods they do not use—more than the total government ③spending on universities and roads. That is an average of $1,250 AUD (approximately $1,156 USD) for each household. All the things we buy ④what then just sit there gathering dust are waste—a waste of money, a waste of time, and waste in the sense of pure rubbish. As the author Clive Hamilton observes, ‘The difference between the stuff we buy and what we use ⑤is waste.’

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Elizabeth Catlett was born in Washington, D.C. in 1915. As a granddaughter of slaves, Catlett heard the stories of slaves from her grandmother. After ①being disallowed entrance from the Carnegie Institute of Technology because she was black, Catlett studied design and drawing at Howard University. She became one of the first three students ②to earn a master’s degree in fine arts at the University of Iowa. Throughout her life, she created art ③representing the voices of people suffering from social injustice. She ④recognized with many prizes and honors both in the United States and in Mexico. She spent over fifty years in Mexico, and ⑤took Mexican citizenship in 1962. Catlett died in 2012 at her home in Mexico.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

①Although the presence of a correct way of holding and playing musical instruments, the most important instruction to begin with is that they are not toys and that they must be looked after. Allow children time to explore ways of handling and ②playing the instruments for themselves before showing them. ③Finding different ways to produce sounds is an important stage of musical exploration. Correct playing comes from the desire to find the most appropriate sound quality and ④find the most comfortable playing position so that one can play with control over time. As instruments and music become more ⑤complex, learning appropriate playing techniques becomes increasingly relevant.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

When the price of something fundamental drops greatly, the whole world can change. Consider light. Chances are you are reading this sentence under some kind of artificial light. Moreover, you probably never thought about whether ①using artificial light for reading was worth it. Light is so cheap that you use it without thinking. But in the early 1800s, it would have cost you four hundred times ②what you are paying now for the same amount of light. At that price, you would notice the cost and would think twice before using artificial light ③to read a book. The drop in the price of light lit up the world. Not only did it turn night into day, but it allowed us to live and ④work in big buildings that natural light could not enter. Nearly nothing we have today ⑤would have been possible if the cost of artificial light had not dropped to almost nothing.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

One of the most important aspects of providing good care ①is making sure that an animal’s needs are being met consistently and predictably. Like humans, animals need a sense of control. So an animal who may get enough food but doesn’t know when the food will appear and can see no consistent schedule may experience distress. We can provide a sense of control by ②ensuring that our animal’s environment is predictable: there is always water available and always in the same place. There is always food when we get up in the morning and after our evening walk. There will always be a time and place ③to eliminate, without having to hold things in to the point of discomfort. Human companions can display consistent emotional support, rather than providing love one moment and ④withholding love the next. When animals know what to expect, they can feel more ⑤confidently and calmly.

*eliminate 배설하다

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

When a child is upset, the easiest and quickest way to calm them down is ①to give them food. This acts as a distraction from the feelings they are having, ②gives them something to do with their hands and mouth and shifts their attention from whatever was upsetting them. If the food chosen is also ③seen as a treat such as sweets or a biscuit, then the child will feel ‘treated’ and happier. In the shorter term ④used food like this is effective. But in the longer term it can be harmful as we quickly learn that food is a good way to manage emotions. Then as we go through life, whenever we feel annoyed, ⑤anxious or even just bored, we turn to food to make ourselves feel better.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Scientists believe that the frogs’ ancestors were water­dwelling, fishlike animals. The first frogs and their relatives gained the ability to come out on land and ①enjoy the opportunities for food and shelter there. But they still kept many ties to the water. A frog’s lungs do not work very well, and it gets part of its oxygen by breathing through its skin. But for this kind of “breathing” ②working properly, the frog’s skin must stay moist. And so the frog must remain near the water ③where it can take a dip every now and then to keep from drying out. Frogs must also lay their eggs in water, as their fishlike ancestors ④did. And eggs laid in the water must develop into water creatures, if they are ⑤to survive. For frogs, metamorphosis thus provides the bridge between the water­dwelling young forms and the land­dwelling adults.

*metamorphosis 탈바꿈

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

It is important to distinguish between being legally allowed to do something, and actually ①be able to go and do it. A law could be passed allowing everyone, if they so wish, to run a mile in two minutes. That would not, however, increase their effective freedom, because, although ②allowed to do so, they are physically incapable of it. Having a minimum of restrictions and a maximum of possibilities ③is fine. But in the real world most people will never have the opportunity either to become all that they are allowed to become, or to need to ④be restrained from doing everything that is possible for them to do. Their effective freedom depends on actually ⑤having the means and ability to do what they choose.

*restriction 제약 **restrain 저지하다

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Today’s music business has allowed musicians ①to take matters into their own hands. Gone are the days of musicians waiting for a gatekeeper (someone who holds power and prevents you from being let in) at a label or TV show ②to say they are worthy of the spotlight. In today’s music business, you don’t need to ask for permission ③to build a fanbase and you no longer need to pay thousands of dollars to a company to do it. Every day, musicians are ④getting their music out to thousands of listeners without any outside help. They simply deliver it to the fans directly, without asking for permission or outside help to receive exposure or ⑤connecting with thousands of listeners.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Almost all major sporting activities ①are played with a ball. The rules of the game always ②include rules about the type of ball that is allowed, starting with the size and weight of the ball. The ball must also have a certain stiffness. A ball might have the correct size and weight but if it is made ③as a hollow ball of steel it will be too stiff and if it is made from light foam rubber with a heavy center it will be too soft. Similarly, along with stiffness, a ball needs to bounce ④properly. A solid rubber ball would be too bouncy for most sports, and a solid ball ⑤is made of clay would not bounce at all.

*stiffness 단단함

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 옳은 것은?

If you had to write a math equation, you probably wouldn’t write, “Twenty­eight plus fourteen equals forty­two.” It would take too long to write and it would be hard ①to be read quickly. You would write, “28 + 14 = 42.” Chemistry is the same way. Chemists have to write chemical equations all the time, and it would take too long to write and read if they ②have to spell everything out. So chemists use symbols, just like we do in math. A chemical formula lists all the elements that form each molecule and ③use a small number to the bottom right of an element’s symbol to stand for the number of atoms of that element. For example, the chemical formula for water ④are H2O. That tells us that a water molecule ⑤consists of two hydrogen (“H” and “2”) atoms and one oxygen (“O”) atom.

*chemical formula 화학식 **molecule 분자

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

It is so easy to overestimate the importance of one defining moment and ①underestimate the value of making small improvements on a daily basis. Too often, we convince ourselves that massive success requires massive action. Whether it is losing weight, winning a championship, or ②achieving any other goal, we put pressure on ourselves to make some earthshaking improvement that everyone will talk about. Meanwhile, improving by 1 percent isn’t particularly notable, but it can be ③a lot more meaningful in the long run. The difference this tiny improvement can make over time is ④surprised. Here’s how the math works out: if you can get 1 percent better each day for one year, you’ll end up thirty­seven times better by the time you’re done. Conversely, if you get 1 percent worse each day for one year, you’ll decline nearly down to zero. What starts as a small win or a minor failure ⑤adds up to something much more.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 옳은 것은?

The continued survival of the human race can ①be explaining by our ability to adapt to our environment. While we may have lost some of our ancient ancestors’ survival skills, we have learned new skills as they have become necessary. Today, the gap between the skills we once had and the skills we now have ②grows ever wider as we rely more heavily on modern technology. Therefore, when you head off into the wilderness, it is important to fully prepare for the environment. Before a trip, ③researching how the native inhabitants dress, work, and eat. How they have adapted to their way of life will help you ④understanding the environment and allow you to select the best gear and learn the correct skills. This is crucial because most survival situations ⑤arouse as a result of a series of events that could have been avoided.

*inhabitant 주민

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

In one study, researchers asked pairs of strangers ①to sit down in a room and chat. In half of the rooms, a cell phone was placed on a nearby table; in the other half, no phone was present. After the conversations had ended, the researchers asked the participants ②what they thought of each other. Here’s what they learned: when a cell phone was present in the room, the participants reported the quality of their relationship was worse than those who’d talked in a cell phone­free room. The pairs who talked in the rooms with cell phones ③thinking their partners showed less empathy. Think of all the times you’ve sat down ④to have lunch with a friend and set your phone on the table. You might have felt good about yourself because you didn’t pick it up to check your messages, but your unchecked messages were still hurting your connection with the person ⑤sitting across from you.

*empathy 공감

다음 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 틀린 것의 총 개수는?

As kids, we worked hard at learning to ride a bike; when we fell off, we got back on again, until it became second nature to us. But when we try something new in our adult lives we’ll usually make just one attempt before judging whether it’s worked. If we don’t succeed the first time, or if it feels a little ⓐawkward, we’ll tell ourselves it wasn’t a success rather than giving it another shot.

That’s a shame, because repetition is central to the process of rewiring our brains. ⓑConsider the idea that your brain has a network of neurons. They will connect with each other whenever you remember ⓒuses a brain­friendly feedback technique. Those connections aren’t very reliable at first, ⓓwhich may make your first efforts a little hit­and­miss. You might remember one of the steps involved, and not the others. But scientists have a saying: “neurons that fire together, wire together.” In other words, repetition of an action ⓔstrengthens the connections between the neurons involved in that action. That means the more times you try using that new feedback technique, the more ⓕeasy it will come to you when you need it.

① 2개 ② 3개 ③ 4개 ④ 5개 ⑤ 6개

Once upon a time, there lived a young king who had a great passion for hunting. His kingdom ①was located at the foot of the Himalayas. Once every year, he would go hunting in the nearby forests. He would make all the necessary preparations, and then set out for his hunting trip. Like all other years, the hunting season had arrived. Preparations began in the palace and the king got ready for his hunting trip. Deep in the forest, he spotted a beautiful wild deer. It was a large stag. His aim was perfect. When he killed the deer with just one shot of his arrow, the king was filled with pride. The proud hunter ordered a hunting drum ②to be made out of the skin of the deer. Seasons changed. A year passed by. And it was time to go hunting once again. The king went to the same forest as the previous year. He used his beautiful deerskin drum to round up animals. But none came. All the animals ran for safety, except one doe. She came closer and closer to the drummer. Suddenly, she started ③fearlessly licking the deerskin drum. The king was surprised by this sight. An old servant had an answer to this strange behavior. “The deerskin used to make this drum ④belonged to her mate, the deer who we hunted last year. This doe is mourning the death of her mate,” the man said. Upon hearing this, the king had a change of heart. He had never realized that an animal, too, ⑤feeling the pain of loss. He made a promise, from that day on, to never again hunt wild animals.

*stag 수사슴 **round up ~을 몰다 ***doe 암사슴

****mourn 애도하다