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WorksheetsBadFishBio_2021_22_DIA 7_Ecology Review
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 2hrs 45mins
A diagram of a food web is shown. The ultimate source of energy comes from the sun.
Which organism in this web receives the least amount of energy from the producers?
Hawk
Rabbit
Grasshopper
Mouse
When a primary consumer eats a producer, nutrients from that producer are absorbed by the primary consumer. As you move up an energy pyramid, much of the energy is lost as heat. Approximatley, how much energy flows from one level to the next?
20%
40%
10%
90%
Most squirrels are vegetarians. Raccoons will eat fruits, berries, nuts and frogs, insects, and bird eggs. Fungi and bacteria will decompose the organic wastes of squirrels, raccoons and other amimals. Which of the following best describes the relationship between these living things?
Decomposers are tertiary consumers.
Raccoons are only secondary consumers.
Squirrels are primary and secondary consumers.
Raccoons are both primary as well as secondary consumers.
The pyramid attached is of a pine forest and shows the feeding patterns of several organisms. Which of the following correctly describes the difference in the amount of energy in the different trophic/feeding levels?
There is more energy available in the producers because they receive their energy from decomposers which add nutrients to the soil.
There is less energy available in the third trophic level because 90% of the energy from the level above is passed down.
There is more energy available at the top of the pyramid because 90% of the energy from the levels below is passsed on to the level above it.
There is less energy available at the tertiary level because most of the energy is lost at each level below for life processes like respiration, locomotion, digestion, reproduction and the like.
Producers and consumers are related through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which of the following decribes how each of these processses are related to each other?
Plants produce oxygen that is used by animals to convert ATP to food.
Plants produce carbon dioxide that is used during cellular respiration.
Animals release carbon dioxide that is used by plants during photosynthesis.
Animals absorb carbon dioxide that is used for the reactants of cellular respiration
Gas exchange through the pores or stomata of leaves is necessary for proper functioning of leaves. However, a 1980 study published in Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, found that air pollution reduces the size of stomata, interfering with these functions. This is further supported by a 2004 study which found that air pollution reduces crop yields. Although most major air pollutants are invisible, particulate matter and smog can easily be seen, often from many miles away, especially when large amounts concentrate in cities. What could be the result if there was an over-abundance of smog in the air as a result of pollution?
The smog would cause tertiary producers to die, thus decreasing the water cycle.
Large amounts of deforestatioin would occur, which would decrease the rate of cellular respiration affecting the rate of the oxygen production.
Sunlight could be blocked by the smog, which would then reduce the rate of photosynthesis, slowing down the carbon cycle.
Evaporation of water from the leaves of producers due to the smog would increase due to the reduced size of the stomata.
The water cycle is a closed system, meaning no water enters from beyond the system nor leaves the system. Which of the statements below is true of water in the ecosystem?
Water, like matter, cannot be created or destroyed, so the amount of water remains relativley the same.
The overall amount of salt water has decreased due to increased use.
The amount of water on earth has increased due to conservation efforts.
Due to conservation efforts, the amount of water on earth has remained the same and will always remain the same.
The graph shown compares the varying depths and the temperature changes in the ocean. Based on this graph, which of the following statements is a valid conclusion? (O'C to 32'C is the equivalent to 32'F to 77'F. 200m to 1200 is the equivalent of 650 feet to 3900 feet)
There would be no producers in the Deep Water zone due to the lack of sunlight.
Producers and consumers in the Surface Layer must be adapted to extremely cold temperatures.
There would be a high number of warm-blooded animals in the Thermocline due to the low temperature and high sunlight.
There would be no consumers in the Deep Water zone due to the depth.
Analyze the following test tube. What results would you expect by placing one snail + one aquarium plant called elodea in the tube and leaving the tube in a room with the light off for 72 hours?
The amount of CO2 and O2 would stay about the same.
The amount of CO2 would decrease and O2 would increase.
The amount of CO2 would increase and O2 would decrease.
The amount of CO2 and O2 would both decrease.
Fishermen have harvested certain fish to the point where the population of that fish is decreasing. What could this level of direct harvesting cause?
ecosystems could be improved for future generations
ecosystems could be damaged enough that biodiversity decreases
it could cause restoration of environmental stability and biodiversity increasing
all other fish species would increase in number and therefore maintan equilibrium of the environment
The number of pythons found throughout Everglades National Park has increased in recent years. These huge snakes are not native to Florida and are now considered invasive species. It is believed that these snakes were released into the wild by pet owners. Wildlife biologists have initiated attempts to capture and remove these pythons. Which statement best explains the biologists' reasons for removing these pythons from the Everglades?
The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of all organisms in the area and those areas will then become abiotic.
The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.
The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native populations to decline.
The pythons, although a different species, will begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species that will take over the wooorrrllllddddd!
A certain plant needs moisture, carbon dioxide, oxygen light, and minerals to survive. This scenario shows that a living organism depends on which of the following?
abiotic factors
biotic factors
symbiotic relationships
producer-consumer relationships
Individual organisms live together in an ecosystem and depend on one another. In fact, they have many different types of interactions with each other, and many of these interactions are critical for their survival. Some organisms can make their own food, and other organisms have to get their food by eating other organisms. If a disease destroying barley plants in a field swept through an ecosystem, what would happen to the barley eating bird population in the field ?
The bird population would stay the same.
The barley population would infinitely increase until carrying capacity was over-reached.
The bird population would decrease.
The barley population would increase because carrying capacity was already met before the disease-causing organisms swept though.
Analyze the graph showing the relationship between Osprey and Mullet. If the carrying capacity of the Osprey predator decreases, what will happen to the carrying capacity of the prey?
Will Increase
Will Decrease
Will stay the same
diversity of the ecosystem would improve
The graph shows the population growth of yeast cells in a sugar solution. What two factors could cause the population curve to decrease after capactiy has been reached?
Immigration and births
Immigration and emigration
Emigration and births
Emigration and deaths
The graph shown is of the Canadian Lynx and the Snowshoe Hare. Why does the predator population lag behind prey population?
Increase in predators leads to decrease in prey
Increase in predators leads to increase in prey
Increase in predators leads to decrease in producers
Increase in producers leads to increase in prey
A scientist was studying a population of fish in a pond over a period of 10 years. He observed that the population increased each year for 3 years, and then remained nearly constant for the rest of the study. What is the best explanation for this observation?
The population stopped reproducing.
The population reached carrying capacity.
The population of fish mutated into a different species.
The fish population run out of food and all died.
Reforestation is the planting of trees that have been cut down by loggers and builders. One benefit of reforestation is restoring lost trees, which future generations can use and enjoy. Which claim could be made regarding how reforestation could benefit a community?
It limits the space available for building homes and business
It decreases the chances of a forest fire spreading near people’s homes because of new tree growth
It decreases the land available for growing crops and raising livestock, while at the same time decreasing biodiversity.
It rebuilds forests, which provide shelter to animals, plants and other resources, and thereby increaseing biodiversity.
Desalination is the removal of salts from ocean water. Desalination plants are built near the ocean because large amounts of salts are returned to the ocean during the process of desalination. What impact could that have on the environment?
Increased salt levels could result in an increased threat to marine life, resulting in an unbalanced ecosystem.
Increased salt levels would not have any impact of local marine life.
The ocean is a renewable resource and can be replenished whether excess salts are added to it or not.
Removing and adding salt from the ocean could cause acid rain.
A new species of snake was introduced to a tropical region. Scientists then noticed a steady decline in the presence of field mice and an increase in the number of snakes. Which of these is the most likely explanation about why the population size of each animal changed?
The snakes introduced to the region dominated the habitat, forcing the mice to find another place to live.
The mice became prey to the introduced snakes, allowing the snake population to increase but decreasing the mice population.
The snakes introduced to the region competed with the mice for food, allowing the snake population to increase but decreasing the mice population.
The people in the surrounding area set traps that killed the mice, allowing the snakes to live without any predators and therefore to increase in number.
While analyzing the food web attached, it's easy to see that organisms are affected by other organisms. What organism(s) could be affected if the number of birds decreased?
only the birds
only the grasshoppers and grains
only the foxes
all of the organisms shown
A coastal area that once supported a thriving fishing industry is overfished. The amount of species living in the ecosystem decreases.
Which of these activities would increase the natural biodiversity of the area?
building artificial reefs and limiting fishing activity
introducing non-native species and banning fishing
building artificial reefs and increasing fishing activity
encouraging the fishing of large predatory fish
Islands can form from volcanic eruptions that occur under the ocean. The eruptions can last for years with new land continually being formed from the lava flow. How does an ecosystem start if there is only lava rock?
Moss and lichen break down rock and lava and produce soil.
Moss and lichen are air borne and they move by the wind to start development in a new environment.
Moss and lichen are simple living organism that can start growing almost anywhere.
All answers
What is the main difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?
Primary begins WITHOUT soil; Secondary begins WITH soil
Primary is the first state and secondary is the second stage
Primary builds plant community; secondary builds animal community
Primary begins WITH soil; Secondary begins WITHOUT soil
Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. The time scale can be decades thousands or even millions of years. It is a phenomenon or process by which an ecological community undergoes more or less orderly and predictable changes. What type of succession is shown in the diagram?
primary succession
secondary succession
tertiary succession
variable succession
A volcano in a mountainous, wooded region erupts, spewing tons of ash and destroying the forested area around the volcano. If the volcano remains dormant during the next 1000 years, what will probably happen?
The area will be repopulated by trees, eventually becoming a
forest again.
The mountains will erode and remain without life.
The area will remain unchanged, covered by volcanic ash.
The area will turn into a completely different habitat, such as
desert of plains.
Which of the following is not true of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas?
They are non-renewable.
They produce harmful pollution.
They can easily be replaced as they are used.
They take millions of years to form.
After implementing a solution to an environmental problem, environmental workers often continue to collect and analyze data associated with the problem area. Why is it important for public officials to follow through and check the results of implemented solutions to environmental problems?
Collected data can show public officials whether the solution is actually working or whether it needs to be modified.
Public officials do not have to consider the success or failure of environmental solutions on their communities.
Public officials should always consider the needs of the environment company first rather than the ecosystem.
Collected data does cannot be analyzed due to the ever-changing environment.
Testosterone oxido-reductase is a liver enzyme that regulates testosterone levels in alligators. One study compared testosterone oxido-reductase activity between male and female alligators from Lake Woodruff, a relatively pristine environment, and from Lake Apopka, an area that has suffered severe contamination. The graph above depicts the findings of that study. If you compare the two results, what does the data in the graph show?
Environmental contamination elevates total testosterone oxido-reductase activity in females.
Environmental contamination reduces total testosterone oxido-reductase activity in females.
Environmental contamination elevates total testosterone oxido-reductase activity in males.
Environmental contamination reduces total testosterone oxido-reductase activity in males.
A student performed 2 studies to investigate the factors that affect the germination of peony seeds.
Study 1
Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. Some of the containers were stored at 5°C for either 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks. The temperature and time periods were defined as the storage temperature and the storage period, respectively.
The peony seeds were divided evenly so that there were 20 sets of 25 seeds. Twenty petri dishes were then prepared. Each contained damp paper. Each set of seeds was placed in a separate petri dish. Each petri dish was maintained at 1 of 4 temperatures for 30 days. The temperature and time periods were defined as the germination temperature and the germination period, respectively. Table 1 shows the number of seeds that germinated in each dish.
Study 2
Peony seeds were placed in dry containers. The containers were stored at various temperatures for 10 weeks.
The peony seeds were divided evenly so that there were 20 sets of 25 seeds. Twenty petri dishes were then prepared. Each contained damp paper. Each set of seeds was placed in a petri dish. The petri dishes were maintained at 1 of 4 temperatures for 30 days. Table 2 shows the number of seeds that germinated in each dish.
The experimental designs of Study 2 and Study 1 differed in that in Study 2:
storage temperature was held constant
germination temperature was varied
storage time was held constant.
germination time was varied.
Climate change can be caused by many things including extra carbon dioxide in the air. What is it called when that extra CO2 causes heat to get trapped in the atmosphere?
cellullar respiration
global warming
greenhouse effect
photosynthesis
The Plover is a bird that cleans the mouth of Nile Crocodiles. The bird gets food, while the crododiles gets its teeth cleaned. What would be the advantage of studying interactions such as this?
to learn how ecosystems & populations can remain unstable and random
to learn how ecosystems & populations can remain stable and balanced
to see how biodiversity can be decreased in ecosystems
to discover more interactions of populations and how those interaction can ensure that biodiversity declines in the future
Which organism in the food web shown would
contain the highest concentration of chemical pollutants?
Producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
