A period that falls between ancient and modern times (500-1500) AD/CE

Another name for Middle Ages

______was a monk who helped convert the Irish to

Christianity. As a teenager, he was kidnapped in

Britain and taken to Ireland, where he was forced to

work as a shepherd. After six years, he escaped. But later

he returned to Ireland to spread Christianity.

According to legend, he won favor with the Irish by

driving all of the snakes in Ireland into the sea. After

he died, he was declared a saint by the people of

Ireland.

Religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities . Spent their time in prayer, work, and meditation.

Place where monks lived their daily lives; very organized. Communities of monks

An Italian monk. Created the Benedictine Rule.

Charles the Great; a brilliant warrior and strong King that led the Franks in building a large empire.

Warriors who fought on horse back; lived by the Code of Chivalry; gave allegiance to the Lord and King

a knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land/property .

a system of promises that governed the relationship between lords and vassals.

Invaded England from France. In 1066 took over England and became King. Introduced Feudalism to Britain.

a large estate owned by a knight or lord.

workers /peasants who were tied to the land on which they lived. Would work the land they were given in exchange for protection.

one of the most powerful people of the

Middle Ages. She ruled Aquitaine,

a region in southwestern France,

as the king’s vassal. In 1137, became queen of France

when she married King Louis

VII. Later, she divorced Louis and

became queen of England by

marrying King Henry II of England.

Even while she was queen of

England, she spent much of her

time ruling her own territory.

She had many children, and

two of her sons later became

kings of England.

To cast out from the church.

Disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV

Excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII;Angry because the pope questioned his authority, He convinced Germany’s bishops that they should remove Gregory as pope. In response, the pope excommunicated him.

Long series of wars (200 years) and between Christians and Muslims.

Jerusalem, the region that is sacred to Muslims, Christians, and Jews. Region where Jesus had lived, preached and died.

Helped the Byzantine Emperor with attacks form the Muslim Turks.

King of England . Only one who stayed in the Holy Land of Jerusalem during the fight over Jerusalem. The Third Crusade began after the Muslims retook Jerusalem in 1189.

The rulers of England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire led their armies to the Holy Land to fight for Jerusalem, but problems soon arose. The German king died, and the French king left. He stayed

King Richards main opponent in the Third Crusade . Leader of Muslim forces.

Church officials; their teachings were very influential in European culture and

politics.

a group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules.

A friar who founded two religious orders in the 1200's; Dominicans and Franciscans. He lived a simple life, preaching and tending to people who were poor or ill. He considered everyone his brother or sister,including animals. He encouraged people to take care of animals just as they would take care of other people. Within a few years other people had begun to copy his lifestyle. In 1210, they became the first members of the Franciscan Order.

People who belonged to a religious order , but lived and worked among the general public spreading Christianity. Unlike monks who lived isolated.

Dominican philosopher. He was a teacher at the University of Paris. He argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian beliefs. For example, he wrote an argument to prove the existence of God.

a law created by God that governed how the world operated.

In 1215, a group of nobles decided to force the king to respect their rights. In the middle of a field called Runnymede near London, they made King John approve a document they had written. This document listing rights that the king could not ignore was called ____ _____. Its name is a Latin phrase meaning “Great Charter.”

Rights of man; natural God given rights. Basis for the Bill of Rights in the US Constitution. First 10 amendments.

The highest law making body in the United Kingdom.

In 1328 the king of France died with no sons, and

two men claimed his throne. One was French. The other was the king of England. In the end, the French man became king.

This did not sit well with the English king, and a few years later he invaded France. This invasion began a long conflict between England and France that came to be called the _________.

A teenage girl that rallied French troops and drove English out of their Kingdom. English captured and killed her, but the English was driven out of France in the end.

Religious ideas that opposed accepted church teachings

500 years of fighting between Christians and Muslims in Spain. Spain's efforts of retaking Spain from the Moors (Muslims from North Africa).

An organization in Spain that looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected of secretly practicing the old religion.

Brought an end to the Reconquista. In 1492 their army conquered Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain. That same year, they required all Spanish Jews to convert to Christianity or leave the country. A few years later, they banned the practice of Islam as well. Through this policy, all of Spain became Christian. They funded Christopher Columbus' journey to find India . Which - he did not know at the time was the "new world," aka North America!

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351.

The plague originally came from central and eastern Asia. Unknowingly,traders brought rats carrying the disease to Mediterranean ports in 1347. From there it quickly swept throughout much of Europe. Fleas that feasted on the blood of infected rats passed on the plague to people.