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U.S. History Since 1877 Unit 8 Review

Total questions: 51

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The Red Scare of the 1920s and McCarthyism of the 1950s are similar in that both —

a)

reflected the heightened prosperity of the time periods

b)

advocated for restrictions on newly arriving immigrants

c)

developed in reaction to fears of the spread of communism

d)

employed legislative hearings to investigate spying suspects

2.

A defining event of the 1960s in the United States was —

a)

the Korean War

b)

the Vietnam War

c)

the launch of Sputnik

d)

the resignation of Richard Nixon

3.

A characteristic of American society in the fifteen years following the Second World War was —

a)

rivalry with the Soviet Union and fear of communist infiltration

b)

social and economic reforms aimed to create jobs in urban areas

c)

government planning and regulation to improve economic conditions

d)

racial tensions that led to the assassination of prominent civil rights leaders

4.

Which year did the United States land an astronaut on the surface of the Moon?

a)

1963

b)

1965

c)

1967

d)

1969

5.

Which 1957 event initiated the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union?

a)

The Soviet Union placed rockets in Cuba

b)

The Soviet Union launched the satellite Sputnik 1.

c)

President Kennedy announced U.S. plans to land on the Moon.

d)

U.S. test pilot Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in the X-1.

6.

Which U.S. response to Soviet aggression is reflected in the political cartoon?

a)

Congress placed economic sanctions on Cuba to remove Soviet missiles

b)

President Kennedy forced the Soviet Union to remove missiles from Cuba.

c)

The U.S. Secretary of State petitioned the United Nations to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba.

d)

The U.S. Central Intelligence agency coordinated an invasion of Cuba to remove Soviet missiles.

7.

A chief reason for U.S. membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is —

a)

to establish a representative body of democratic nations

b)

to maintain a collective security agreement in the case of an attack

c)

to encourage improvements in foreign education and health systems

d)

to apply international law to cases of genocide and human rights abuses

8.

How did the United States act to reduce the influence of communism and improve the economic strength of free market nations in Europe after the Second World War?

a)

NASA enacted a space program to protect European nations from Soviet attack.

b)

The Berlin Airlift brought food, fuel, and money to democratic nations across Europe.

c)

The Marshall Plan extended financial aid to friendly European nations rebuilding after the destruction of the war.

d)

The Roosevelt Corollary proclaimed the United States the chief protector of democracy and guaranteed American protection of European democratic nations.

9.

Why did the United States conduct the Berlin Airlift?

a)

To transport supplies to a blockaded West Berlin

b)

To evacuate wounded soldiers from East Berlin

c)

To send East German refugees to other countries

d)

To provide supplies to all of West Germany

10.

Which military alliance of North American and Western European nations pledged in 1949 that all member nations would come to the aid of any member attacked by an outside enemy?

a)

Warsaw Pact

b)

Marshall Plan

c)

United Nations

d)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

11.

Which action was a direct response of the United States to growing communist threats in Greece and Turkey in the years following the Second World War?

a)

Implementing the Marshall Plan

b)

Proclaiming the Truman Doctrine

c)

Establishing the NATO military alliance

d)

Creating the United Nations

12.

Which action of Joseph McCarthy contributed to increased Cold War anxieties?

a)

He abused his power by helping Castro in Cuba.

b)

He was a strong advocate of increased military spending.

c)

He led a Congressional committee investigating suspected communists.

d)

during the Korean War. He angered Chinese communists for refusing to follow Truman's orders

13.

Which objective of American foreign policy in 1951 led to a United Nations military intervention in the Korean peninsula?

a)

Limit the spread of communism

b)

Promote democratic ideals in Asia

c)

Liberate American prisoners of war

d)

Economically develop other nations

14.

In what way did Truman’s decision to enter the Korean War reflect his commitment to a containment policy?

a)

Truman desired to limit the spread of infectious diseases across East Asia.

b)

Truman feared any expansion of communist influence on the Korean peninsula.

c)

Truman hoped a victory over North Korea would serve to warn other aggressive nations.

d)

Truman suspected the Soviet Union of signing secret alliances with North and South Korea.

15.

Over this war–and all Asia–is another reality: the deepening shadow of Communist China. The rulers in Hanoi are urged on by Peking. This is a regime which has destroyed freedom in Tibet, which has attacked India and has been condemned by the United Nations for aggression in Korea. It is a nation which is helping the forces of violence in almost every continent. The contest in Vietnam is part of a wider pattern of aggressive purpose.—President Lyndon B. Johnson, address to Johns Hopkins University, April 1965


According to President Johnson, why was U.S. military involvement in Vietnam justified?

a)

Domino Theory

b)

Monroe Doctrine

c)

Eisenhower Doctrine

d)

"Big Stick" Diplomacy

16.

The event described in the excerpt marked the end of the Vietnam War, and directly led to the —

a)

successful election of Gerald Ford

b)

capture of many American diplomats

c)

communist takeover of South Vietnam

d)

passage of the Twenty-sixth Amendment

17.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 13 — The time has come to call a spade a bloody shovel. This country is in an undeclared and unexplained war in Vietnam. Our masters have a lot of long and fancy names for it, like escalation and retaliation, but it is war just the same. —James Reston, “Washington: The Undeclared and Unexplained War”, New York Times, 1965


How is the author's point of view an example of public reaction to the policies of the Johnson administration?

a)

He states objections to sending additional troops to South Vietnam.

b)

He voices concern for the lack of an official declaration of war in Vietnam.

c)

He expresses skepticism about government reports about the war in Vietnam.

d)

He declares support for expansion of military involvement in the Vietnam War.

18.

What is one way President Nixon changed the U.S. military strategy in Vietnam?

a)

He transferred greater responsibility for the war effort to South Vietnamese troops.

b)

He authorized the deployment of increasing numbers of American troops in Vietnam.

c)

He refocused the war effort on winning the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese people.

d)

He negotiated the division of American controlled territory into North and South Vietnam.

19.

What event is described above?

a)

Tet Offensive

b)

Domino theory

c)

Geneva Convention

d)

Gulf of Tonkin incident

20.

According to President Nixon, what is the viewpoint of the majority of Americans regarding U.S. military intervention in Vietnam?

a)

They wanted the protestors to stop opposing the war.

b)

They supported the president’s policies in regards to the war.

c)

They opposed the war and showed their opposition by protesting.

d)

They voted for candidates who supported a continued intervention.

21.

Which factor contributed to the changing attitudes of the American public about U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War?

a)

Reelection of Lyndon Johnson

b)

Passage of the War Powers Act

c)

Graphic coverage by television news

d)

Propaganda films by antiwar protestors

22.

The movement of people out of American urban areas after the Second World War led to —

a)

more jobs being created, decreased traffic, and more businesses in urban areas

b)

more individualized homes being built, the growth of the suburbs, and more jobs being created

c)

renovation of urban areas, growth of the suburbs, and the loss of green spaces bordering the cities

d)

suburban sprawl, increased traffic, and a decrease of green spaces bordering the cities

23.

Which U.S. government action provided funding for veterans of the Second World War in order to create a better educated and more productive workforce?

a)

Passage of the G.I. Bill

b)

Establishment of the Peace Corps

c)

Passage of the National Defense Education Act

d)

Establishment of the Department of Veterans Affairs

24.

How did the end of the Second World War influence the pattern of population growth in the United States?

a)

The movement of women to the workforce reduced birth rates.

b)

The sudden influx of returning soldiers caused a boom in birth rates.

c)

The high casualty rate from the war contributed to reduced birth rates.

d)

The renewed availability of rationed foods increased individual life spans.

25.

Expanded businesses and employment

Growth of high tech industries

New research and development


Which of the following is the best title for the information in the box?

a)

Causes of Space Exploration

b)

Results of Protectionist Policies

c)

Effects of Great Society Programs

d)

Impacts of Cold War Defense Spending

26.

Increased defense spending for the Cold War helped to shift American educational priorities to a concentration on —

a)

civics

b)

social skills

c)

math and science

d)

physical education

27.

Why have presidents since 1973 disagreed with the requirements of the War Powers Act passed by Congress?

a)

They have considered it an attempt to embarrass the president politically..

b)

They do not consider the requirements are necessary unless Congress has declared war

c)

They have considered it unfair for Congress to control the financing of military operations.

d)

They have considered it unconstitutional since it restricts the presidential power to send troops into combat.

28.

How did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964 affect the powers of the president?

a)

It forced the President to seek congressional approval on all war efforts.

b)

It allowed the President to form a special department to deal with war efforts.

c)

It required the President to seek the participation of other nations before going to war.

d)

It provided the President congressional support for conducting acts of war if necessary.

29.

How did the Supreme Court decision in Tinker v. Des Moines affect schools in the United States?

a)

It allowed dress code requirements for students.

b)

It protected the rights of free expression for students.

c)

It required colleges to not consider race a factor for admission.

d)

It permitted school administrators to conduct searches of students

30.

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.


Which of the following led to passage of this constitutional amendment?

a)

Activists on college campuses protested because young men who could not vote were drafted

b)

Anti-war protestors were concerned that men who had served in the war were not allowed to protest.

c)

Political leaders needed to lower the voting age, because only men who could vote were eligible for the draft.

d)

Business leaders lobbied for creating the law, because they needed to hire people who were registered to vote.

31.

Americans aged 18 to 21 successfully achieved recognition of new political rights in 1971 by —

a)

lobbying for civil rights legislation

b)

advocating for an equal rights amendment

c)

campaigning to amend the U.S. Constitution

d)

protesting against U.S. involvement in Vietnam

32.

I was a soldier from Texas.

I saved the lives of several fellow soldiers during the Vietnam War.

I received the Congressional Medal of Honor.


Who is described by the information in the box?

a)

Army First Lieutenant Vernon Baker

b)

Army Master Sergeant Raul "Roy" Perez Benavidez

c)

Army First Lieutenant Audie Murphy

d)

Army Corporal Alvin York

33.

Which social issue facing Americans at the time is reflected in the lyrics?

a)

There was a large segment of the American public against the Vietnam War.

b)

The American public was frustrated other nations were not acting to defend democracy.

c)

There were many Americans that desired equal opportunities for all people regardless of race or gender.

d)

Many Americans were concerned the American president lacked the power needed to win the Vietnam War.

34.

The issues described in the list reflect the influence of —

a)

Beat Generation ideas on different American art forms

b)

anti-war attitudes towards Vietnam on different media

c)

anti-communist sentiment on American music and writing

d)

Harlem Renaissance artists and writers on American culture

35.

Rachel Carson’s 1962 book, The Silent Spring, detailed the environmental effects of pesticides and led to a ban on some pesticides for agriculture use.

How does this literary work reflect U.S. culture in the 1960s?

a)

It illustrates the frustration of the middle class with the Beat Generation of the 1960s.

b)

It exemplifies a genre of nonfiction created to protest the Vietnam War during the 1960s.

c)

It demonstrates the growing distrust of political leaders that developed during the 1960s.

d)

It provides an example of how individuals and groups brought social change in the 1960s.

36.

What is Kerouac's response to Podhoretz's criticism of the Beat Generation?

a)

Kerouac agreed with Podhoretz criticism

b)

The Beat Generation has not been a negative influence on American society.

c)

The Beat Generation has had a negative influence on American culture and youth.

d)

The positive contributions of the Beat Generation have outweighed the negative consequences.

37.

One result of the described art movement was —

a)

increased awareness of Mexican heritage

b)

growth of beautification projects in U.S. cities

c)

expansion of the use of Spanish in urban centers

d)

extended legal protections for Mexican immigrants

38.

Which form of music, popularized in the 1970s and generally associated with the culture of the American South, blends genres of gospel, jazz, blues, and folk?

a)

Disco

b)

Hip Hop

c)

New Wave

d)

Country and Western

39.

Which technological innovation, introduced in the 1960s, facilitated the growth of the television and advertising industries?

a)

Infrared cameras

b)

Electric typewriters

c)

Satellite communications

d)

Global positioning systems

40.

The listed inventions were all created in order to —

a)

aid in the construction of a shipping canal

b)

address specific needs brought about by warfare

c)

improve the care of those injured in the First World War

d)

advance U.S. naval power during the Spanish-American War

41.

The rising trend in the data contributed to —

a)

Jonas Salk researching and developing a vaccine

b)

the establishing of a U.S. disease research center

c)

the creation of a U.S. agency to monitor food and drug safety

d)

Louis Pasteur developing a process to stop bacterial contamination

42.

How has the American space exploration program likely improved the quality of life for those living in the United States?

a)

A tourism industry has developed around space launches.

b)

Space research has resulted in new technologies and innovations.

c)

The space program has increased the demand for American scientists and engineers.

d)

Raw materials retrieved from space are used to make high-tech products like flat-panel screens.

43.

Why was the year 1957 a significant turning point in U.S. history?

Select TWO correct answers.

a)

The Marshall Plan was implemented.

b)

The Berlin Blockade ended.


c)

The U.S. Armed Forces were desegregated.


d)

The U.S.- Soviet space race began.


e)

The Sputnik satellite was launched.


44-46.

This question has two parts. First answer Part A, then answer Part B.


This is an excerpt from a speech made by Harry Truman to a joint session of Congress in 1947.


To ensure the peaceful development of nations, free from coercion, the United States has taken a leading part in establishing the United Nations. The United Nations is designed to make possible lasting freedom and independence for all its members.
We shall not realize our objectives, however, unless we are willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. This is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian regimes imposed on free peoples… undermine the foundations of international peace and hence the security of the United States. . . . One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.
I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.
—President Harry Truman, a speech to a joint session of Congress, March 12, 1947


44.

Part A
Based on the excerpt, what argument does Truman make about how to contain the spread of communism?

a)

The United States must provide support to nations in need.

b)

The United States should train foreign military personnel.

c)

The United States needs to increase investment in its military readiness.

d)

The United States has an important leadership role in the United Nations.


45.

Part B
Which statement provides evidence for the answer to Part A?


a)

“This is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian regimes imposed on free peoples… undermine the foundations of international peace and hence the security of the United States”

b)

“The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.”

c)

“One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression.”

d)

“I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.”

46.

Type the answer to Part A and then Part B in the text box below.


4 lines
47.

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (a)   The United States created an economic program for European countries to help them rebuild after World War II. Countries in Western Europe adopted democratic policies and allied with the United States.


Choose from the below words
Europe experienced massive devastation after WWII
Soviet leaders established the Warsaw Pact
President Truman pledged to aid countries 
The United States blockaded Cuba
48.

U.S. leaders were dedicated to protecting democracy in Turkey and Greece. ​ ​ (a)   The United States became dedicated to containment efforts.


Choose from the below words
Truman pledged to aid countries fighting communism
Soviet leaders establish the Warsaw Pact
The U.S. Blockaded Cuba
Europe experienced massive devastation  WWII
49.

Soviet leaders worked to eliminate U.S. involvement in Berlin. Canada, Iceland, and nine western European countries joined an alliance with the United States. ​


​ (a)  

Choose from the below words
Soviet leaders establish the Warsaw Pact
U.S. blockaded Cuba
Truman  pledged to aid countries fight commun
Europe experienced massive  devastation WWII
50.

This diagram lists some of the events in the Korean War.

Which events occurred as a result of the United States entering the Korean War?

Select TWO correct answers.

51.

Chinese Revolution

Outcomes of U.S. involvement: Communist forces won the civil war, creating the largest communist country in the world.

Events leading to U.S. involvement: (a)  

52.

Determine how each of these technologies or industries led to an innovation that is used today.

Select ONE correct answer in each row.

53.

The 1950s were a time of increased prosperity for many Americans.

Explain TWO causes for this increased prosperity.

Think about the question carefully. Then enter your answer in the box provided.

4 lines