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Research Methods - The BIG quiz

Total questions: 149

Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An extraneous variable is

a)

something that needs to be identified and controlled

b)

a wanted variable that could affect the DV

c)

a change in the DV

d)

something that can cause a change to the IV

2.

Is this statement true or false: 'the only thing that should cause a change in the DV is the IV'

a)

true

b)

false

3.

In research, the aim is

a)

a testable statement

b)

a general statement explaining the purpose of the study

c)

a clear precise testable statement

4.

There will be no relationship between variable X and variable Y. What type of hypothesis is this?

a)

Directional hypothesis

b)

Non- directional hypothesis

c)

Null hypothesis

5.

The quality of beer affects bar takings.

a)

Directional

b)

Non-directional

6.

Boys are more aggressive than girls

a)

Directional

b)

Non-directional

7.

Watching tropical fish helps you relax.

a)

Directional

b)

Non-directional

8.

The faster you type, the more mistakes you make.

a)

Directional

b)

Non-directional

9.

Anxiety affects the level of adrenaline in the blood.

a)

Directional

b)

Non-directional

10.

People’s running speed will be affected by whether or not they have an audience.

a)

Directional

b)

Non-directional

11.

Wearing make-up has an effect on how attractive a person is rated to be.

a)

Directional

b)

Non-directional

12.

In an experiment, the _________________ variable is tested by the researcher to observe its effect(s) on the _________________ variable.

a)

A.independent; dependent

b)

B.first; second

c)

C.dependent; independent

d)

D.research; results

13.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
14.

Is this statement true or false: 'the only thing that should cause a change in the DV is the IV'

a)

true

b)

false

15.

An extraneous variable is

a)

something that needs to be identified and controlled

b)

a wanted variable that could affect the DV

c)

a change in the DV

d)

something that can cause a change to the IV

16.

In research, the aim is

a)

a testable statement

b)

a general statement explaining the purpose of the study

c)

a clear precise testable statement

17.

When results are valid, they are

a)

a true reflection of real-world behaviour

b)

a measure of consistency

c)

accurately done

18.

The group of participants a researcher selects in one of four ways is known as the

a)

target group

b)

sample

c)

target population

d)

participant group

19.

'Takes time as need list of all members of target population' is a weakness of which sampling method?

a)

systematic

b)

stratified

c)

opportunity

d)

random

20.

'Most representative method' is an advantage of which sampling method?

a)

systematic

b)

stratified

c)

opportunity

d)

random

21.

In which experiment can EVs be controlled?

a)

laboratory

b)

field

c)

natural

d)

independent groups

22.

'Can use standardised procedures and confederates so there is still some control' is a strength of which type of experiment?

a)

field

b)

natural

c)

lab

23.

'Order effects reduce validity' is a weakness of which experimental design?

a)

matched pairs

b)

independent groups

c)

repeated measures

24.

Using the exact same methods and procedures for participants in a research study is known as

a)

accurate procedures

b)

standardised procedures

c)

randomisation

d)

extraneous variables

25.

We can deal with order effects through

a)

randomisation

b)

counterbalancing

c)

demand characteristics

d)

identifying extraneous variables

26.

counterbalancing is

a)

the only thing that should cause a change in the DV

b)

when participants work out the aim of the study and change their behaviour accordingly

c)

when taking part in one condition affects the next condition

d)

when half the participants do conditions in one order and the other half do opposite order

27.

demand characteristics is

a)

the only thing that should cause a change in the DV

b)

when participants work out the aim of the study and change their behaviour accordingly

c)

when taking part in one condition affects the next condition

d)

when half the participants do conditions in one order and the other half do opposite order

28.

Which sampling method would be quick and cheap because participants are just there?

a)

opportunity

b)

random

c)

stratified

d)

systematic

29.

How do researchers deal with privacy and confidentiality?

a)

they should all be asked to sign a form so they know what to expect

b)

they should all receive a debrief so they know what they've taken part in

c)

they should all remain anonymous in any published data

30.

These are variables that can potentially distort the relationship between the IV and the DV.

a)

confounding variables

b)

confusing variables

c)

constructing variables

d)

extraneous variables

31.

This is the group of people to which the findings of the study are expected to be generalized.

a)

sample

b)

target population

c)

experimental group

d)

target sample

32.

This is the group of people taking part in the experiment.

a)

target population

b)

sample

c)

target sample

d)

population

33.

A sample is representative of the target population if it reflects some of its essential characteristics.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

This is the most ideal approach to make the sample representative.

a)

random

b)

stratified

c)

opportunity

d)

self-selected

35.

Zimbardo used which type of sampling technique in the Stanford Prison Experiment?

a)

stratified

b)

self-selected

c)

random

d)

opportunity

36.

Opportunity sampling will most likely result in a representative sample.

a)

True

b)

False

37.

These are variables that can potentially distort the relationship between the IV and the DV.

a)

confounding variables

b)

confusing variables

c)

constructing variables

d)

extraneous variables

38.
Independent variable is to dependent variable as _________ is to ____________.
a)
hypothesis | conclusion
b)
effect | cause
c)
cause | effect.
d)
conclusion | hypothesis
39.
Which kind of study can establish a cause-effect relationship between variables, assuming that the research is appropriate and well conceived?
a)
survey
b)
case study
c)
correlational study
d)
experiment
40.

Define Variable

a)

refers to an individual’s underlying potential for acquiring skills

b)

enduring beliefs about an ideal mode of behaviour

c)

Any stimulus or event which varies, that is, it takes on different values (or changes) and can be measured

d)

involves seeking information from a person on a one-to-one basis

41.

_____________________is that variable which is manipulated or altered or its strength varied by the researcher in the experiment.

a)

Independent

b)

Dependent

c)

Extraneous

42.

The variables on which the effect of independent variable is observed is called __________________

a)

Independent

b)

Dependent

c)

Extraneous

43.

Irrelavent variables may influence the dependent Variable are called

a)

independent

b)

extraneous

c)

dependent

44.

a method that ensures that each person has an equal chance of being included in any of the groups

a)

Relevant selection

b)

Random selection

c)

Sequencing

45.

If a researcher wants to find out how the weather influences mood, he should carry out the following type experiment:

a)

Natural

b)

Field

c)

Laboratory

46.

The three types of experiment are:

a)

Opportunity, stratified, systematic

b)

Matched pairs, independent groups, repeated measures

c)

Natural, field, laboratory

47.

Which one of the following experimental designs would most likely result in order effects?

a)

Matched pairs

b)

Repeated measures

c)

Independent groups

48.

When participants realise the aim of an experiment and subconsciously change their behaviour to fit the aim, it is called:

a)

demand characteristics

b)

order effects

c)

counterbalancing

49.

What is the name of the prediction that a researcher makes at the start of an experiment?

a)

Aim

b)

Hypothesis

c)

Variable

d)

Measure

50.

Which is the research design where all participants take part in every condition of the experiment?

a)

Matched pairs

b)

Independent groups

c)

Repeated measures

51.

Which variable does a researcher manipulate/ change?

a)

The independent variable

b)

The extraneous variable

c)

The dependent variable

52.

Which type of sampling involves ensuring that every member of the target population has the same chance of being selected?

a)

Random

b)

Stratified

c)

Opportunity

d)

Systematic

53.

Which experimental design is being used if a participant only completes one condition of an experiment?

a)

Matched pairs (or repeated measures)

b)

Repeated measures (or independent groups)

c)

Independent groups (or matched pairs)

54.

What problem would occur if every participant completed condition 1 of a experiment first, and then moved on to condition 2?

a)

demand characteristics

b)

order effects

c)

opportunity sampling

55.

What term means balancing the order in which participants complete experimental conditions?

a)

demand characteristics

b)

order effects

c)

counterbalancing

56.

A hypothesis is

a)

a question

b)

a testable statement

c)

the aim of the research

57.

What does a researcher have to identify and control so that the results aren't affected.

a)

independent variable

b)

extraneous variable

c)

demand characteristics

58.

A sample of participants is drawn from a larger group called the

a)

target population

b)

representative sample

c)

target group

59.
Mrs. Trahan samples her class by selecting 5 girls and 7 boys.  This type of sampling is called?
a)
Stratified
b)
Systematic
c)
Simple
d)
Cluster
60.
Mrs. Trahan samples her class by selecting every third person on her class list.  Which type of sampling method is this?
a)
Simple
b)
Systematic
c)
Stratified
d)
Cluster
61.
Farmer Joe's apple tree farm is set up in 100 rows.  He counts the number of apples produced on every 10th row to estimate the number apples produced on the whole farm.  This is _____________ sampling.  
a)
Simple
b)
Stratified
c)
Cluster
d)
Systematic
62.
Farmer Joe separates his farm into 10 regions.  He then randomly selected 5 trees from each region to estimate the number of apples produced on his apple tree farm.  This is _____________ sampling.  
a)
Cluster
b)
Systematic
c)
Stratified
d)
Simple
63.
In order to use samples to estimate something from the population, the sample should be _________________ the population.
a)
exactly the same as
b)
nothing like
c)
representative of
d)
larger than
64.
When one examines the entire population instead of a subgroup of the population, this is called a ____________.
a)
Sampling
b)
Census
c)
Bias
65.

What sampling method are you using if you survey the students in the school whose names are picked out of a hat?

a)

Convenience

b)

Systematic

c)

Random

66.

What sampling method are you using if you survey every 5th person who enters the room.

a)

Convenience

b)

Systematic

c)

Simple Random

67.

You assign the students in your class a number and choose 6 numbers from a basket. What sampling method are you using?

a)

Convenience

b)

Systematic

c)

Random

68.

You survey every person in the food court at the mall. Which type of sampling method are you using?

a)

opportunity

b)

Systematic

c)

Simple Random

69.

Karla is doing a study to see what the town thinks of the new grocery store. She chooses a convenience sample. She

asks 13 people from the town who go to the new grocery store. Is there bias in her sample?

a)

Yes

b)

No

70.

Interview the first 30 students who enter the school in the morning.

a)

simple random

b)

voluntary response

c)

systematic

d)

opportunity

71.
Why do we randomly select our samples?
a)
to increase bias
b)
to reduce bias
c)
so we don't get the same answers from everyone
d)
because it's easier
72.
Disneyland often surveys its guests as they exit a restaurant during their visit. The surveyor stands at the restaurant exit, counts the number of people leaving, and surveys every 25th guest.
This is a form of:
a)
Random Sample
b)
Convenience Sampling
c)
Voluntary Response
d)
Systematic Sampling
73.

A teacher wants to know the average time spent doing homework by the students in her class of 20 girls and 5 boys.

She selects the first five who raise their hands.

a)

Systematic

b)

Convenience

c)

Voluntary

d)

Simple Random

74.

A teacher wants to know the average time spent doing homework by the students in her class of 20 girls and 5 boys.

She picks the student in every 5th seat.

a)

Simple Random

b)

Systematic

c)

voluntary response

d)

convenience

75.

What does the term "ethics" mean in psychology?

a)

correct rules of conduct necessary when carrying out research

b)

experiments

c)

opportunity sampling

d)

publishing research findings

76.

Which ethical principle states participants should be free to leave the research setting whenever they wish.

a)

informed consent

b)

withdrawal

c)

confidentiality

d)

debriefing

77.

Gaining permission from a person to take part in a study and telling them what is involved is referred to as.....

a)

withdrawal

b)

confidentiality

c)

informed consent

d)

debriefing

78.

People in research are referred to as the (a)  

79.

After the research is over the participant should be able to discuss the procedure and the findings with the psychologist. This is called

a)

briefing

b)

debriefing

80.

What ethical principle states that all data must be kept anonymous.

a)

informed consent

b)

confidentiality

c)

withdrawal

81.

Where participants are misled or wrongly informed about the aims of the research, this is referred to as

(a)  

82.

Researchers must ensure that those taking part in research will not be caused distress. They must be protected from ________________ and _____________ harm.

a)

social

b)

physical

c)

anti-social

d)

mental

83.

Identify some of the ethical issues with Milgram's Obedience Experiment.

a)

deception

b)

protection

c)

briefing

d)

withdrawal

84.

In Britain, ethical guidelines for research are published by the.........

a)

Scottish Government

b)

SQA

c)

British Psychological Society

d)

American Psychological Association

85.

Pilot studies are:

a)

Small-scale investigations conducted with a few participants before the full-scale research

b)

Large-scale investigations conducted with a few participants before the full-scale research

c)

Small-scale investigations conducted with a large number of participants before the full-scale research

d)

Large-scale investigations conducted with a large number of participants before the full-scale research

86.

Pilot studies are conducted:

a)

Before the full-scale research

b)

After the full-scale research

87.

The aims of pilot studies are:

a)

To check the procedures

b)

Ask a few participants about their experience of taking part

c)

Enable researchers to make any required changes before the full-scale research

d)

To identify whether it is feasible to conduct a full-scale study

e)

To gather in-depth data about one individual/a small group of people that is then used to draw conclusions.

88.

Which of the following would researchers typically check in a pilot study for questionnaire research?

a)

Whether the questions make sense to participants

b)

Whether there is an appropriate number of questions

c)

Whether the questions obtain the data the researchers need

d)

Whether the behavioural categories are appropriate

e)

Whether the IV and DV are clear

89.

Pilot studies involve the total number of participants that the researcher wishes to conduct their research on.

a)

True

b)

False

90.

Pilot studies guarantee success in the full-scale study.

a)

True

b)

False

91.

The type of observation where some variables are regulated by the researcher.

a)

Natural

b)

Controlled

c)

Overt

d)

Covert

92.

Type of observation where the person does not know they are being observed.

a)

Natural

b)

Controlled

c)

Overt

d)

Covert

93.

Observation where the person is studied in a natural situation, and everything is left as it is...

a)

Natural

b)

Controlled

c)

Participant

d)

Covert

94.

Type of Observation when observer observes from a distance.

a)

Covert

b)

Controlled

c)

Participant

d)

Non-Participant

95.

Observation where person is aware of being observed.

a)

Overt

b)

Covert

c)

Participant

d)

Non-Participant

96.

Observation where observer joins the group being observed.

a)

Non-Participant

b)

Participant

c)

Covert

d)

Overt

97.

Observation where observer joins the group being observed.

a)

Non-Participant

b)

Participant

c)

Covert

d)

Overt

98.

A strength of natural observations is...

a)

High levels of control

b)

High level of ecological validity

c)

High level of demand characteristics

d)

Lots of people

99.

A strength of controlled observations is they have...

a)

More demand characteristics

b)

More control over variables

c)

More ecological validity

d)

Large samples

100.

A limitation of observations is that they may suffer from...

a)

Inter-observer reliability

b)

Behavioural categories

c)

Observer Bias

d)

Operationalising

101.

The candy was sour.

a)

Qualitative Data

b)

Quantitative Data

102.

The flower is red.

a)

Qualitative Data

b)

Quantitative Data

103.

The mass of the beaker was 122 g.

a)

Qualitative Data

b)

Quantitative Data

104.

There are 13 boys and 14 girls in fifth period.

a)

Qualitative Data

b)

Quantitative Data

105.

You have three sisters.

a)

Qualitative Data

b)

Quantitative Data

106.
The girl is folding her arms.
a)
Observation
b)
Inference
107.
They are celebrating.
a)
Observation
b)
Inference
108.
What is an observation for this picture?
a)
The man is scared
b)
The man is going to get eaten
c)
There is a man in a kayak
d)
The man is paddling fast
109.

Reading a book about certain topic

a)

Primary Research

b)

Secondary Research

110.

Reading a book about a research on certain topic

a)

Primary Research

b)

Secondary Research

111.

Asking an expert by yourself

a)

Primary Research

b)

Secondary Research

112.

Reading an academic article

a)

Primary Research

b)

Secondary Research

113.

Experimenting with materials, tools or software

a)

Primary Research

b)

Secondary Research

114.

Analysing existing product that might help solving the problem

a)

Primary Research

b)

Secondary Research

115.

Observing users interacting within the situation and making notes

a)

Primary Research

b)

Secondary Research

116.

Thinking occurs in the:

a)

Cortex

b)

Brain stem

c)

Thalamus

d)

Cerebellum

117.

Name the type of graph.

a)

pie chart

b)

tally chart

c)

pictograph

d)

bar graph

118.

Name the type of graph.

a)

pie chart

b)

tally chart

c)

pictograph

d)

bar graph

119.

Name the type of graph.

a)

pie chart

b)

tally chart

c)

pictograph

d)

bar graph

120.

Amount of Education and Amount of income

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Correlation

121.

Number of days absent from school vs. math average

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Correlation

122.

Hours of studying vs. grades

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Correlation

123.

Hours in the mall vs. amount of money spent

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Correlation

124.

How tall a person is and how fast they drive

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Correlation

125.

The amount of time since a movie was released and the amount of tickets sold

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Correlation

126.

Which type of correlation does C show?

a)

Positive correlation

b)

Negative correlation

c)

No correlation

127.

Which type of correlation does A show?

a)

Positive correlation

b)

Negative correlation

c)

No correlation

128.

A positive r-value shows a positive correlation.

a)

True

b)

False

129.

True or False: Correlations can show which variable causes a change in the other.

a)

True

b)

False

130.

Pick the strengths of correlation research

a)

Correlations cannot show causal relationships

b)

This method is cheaper and faster than other methods

c)

We can study topics that are unethical to test using other methods

d)

The sample sizes tends to highly generalisable

131.

Which test requires a repeated measures design?

a)

Chi squared

b)

Spearman's Rho

c)

Mann Whitney U

d)

Wilcoxon T test

132.

Which tests require an independent groups design?

a)

Chi squared

b)

Mann Whitney U

c)

Spearman's Rho

d)

Wilcoxon T test

133.

Which test is used for correlations?

a)

Mann Whitney U

b)

Spearman's Rho

c)

Wilcoxon T test

d)

Chi Squared

134.

Which test does not use ordinal data?

a)

Mann Whitney U

b)

Wilcoxon T test

c)

Spearman's Rho

d)

Chi Squared

135.

Data which can be ranked from smallest to largest

a)

Nominal

b)

Ordinal

c)

Interval

d)

Ratio

136.

Which test does not use ordinal data?

a)

Mann Whitney U

b)

Wilcoxon T test

c)

Spearman's Rho

d)

Chi Squared

137.

Data which can be categorised by name

a)

Nominal

b)

Ordinal

c)

Interval

d)

Ratio

138.

Data which can be measured on a fixed scale with no absolute zero

a)

Nominal

b)

Ordinal

c)

Interval

d)

Ratio

139.

Data which can be measured on a fixed scale and does have an absolute zero

a)

Nominal

b)

Ordinal

c)

Interval

d)

Ratio

140.

A measure of central tendency

a)

Range

b)

Mode

c)

Standard deviation

d)

Mean

141.

A measure of dispersion

a)

Mode

b)

Mean

c)

Range

d)

Median

142.

The most commonly occurring number

a)

Mean

b)

Range

c)

Mode

d)

Standard Deviation

143.

The middle number, once data is made ordinal

a)

Mean

b)

Mode

c)

Median

d)

Range

144.

This figure can be affected by anomalous results

a)

Standard deviation

b)

Mode

c)

Mean

d)

Range

145.

The "p" in p-value stand for:

a)

Population

b)

Probability

c)

Popularity

d)

Popcorn

146.

A p-value of P=0.05 means

a)

there is a 0.05% probability the results are due to chance

b)

there is a 0.5% probability the results are due to chance

c)

there is a 50% probability the results are due to chance

d)

there is a 5% probability the results are due to chance

147.

Repeated measures designs are when

a)

participants only complete one condition of the experiment

b)

all participants complete all conditions of the experiment

c)

no participants complete all conditions of the experiment so it is repeated

d)

participants are matched on characteristics such as race and only take part in one condition

148.

Independent groups designs are when

a)

participants only complete one condition of the experiment

b)

all participants complete all conditions of the experiment

c)

no participants complete all conditions of the experiment so it is repeated

d)

participants are matched on characteristics such as race and only take part in one condition

149.

matched pairs designs are when

a)

participants only complete one condition of the experiment

b)

all participants complete all conditions of the experiment

c)

no participants complete all conditions of the experiment so it is repeated

d)

participants are matched on characteristics such as race and only take part in one condition

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