The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.

No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.

Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited.

Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law

Citizens of the Philippines are those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

Citizens of the Philippines are those who are born before January 17, 1935, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority.

Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.

Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least 19 years of age,

The Congress shall also design a procedure for the disabled and the illiterates to vote without the assistance of other persons. Until then, they shall be allowed to vote under existing laws and such rules as the Commission on Elections may promulgate to protect the secrecy of the ballot.

The Senate shall be composed of twenty-five Senators who shall be elected at large by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law.

No person shall be a Senator unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, and, on the day of the election, is at least 40 years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election.

The legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines which shall consist of a Senate, cabinet members and a House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to the people by the provision on initiative and referendum.

The executive power shall be vested in the President of the Philippines.

No person may be elected President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election.

The judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.

The territorial and political subdivisions of the Republic of the Philippines are the provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. There shall be autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras as hereinafter provided.

The President of the Philippines shall exercise general supervision over local governments. Provinces with respect to component cities and municipalities, and cities and municipalities with respect to component barangays shall ensure that the acts of their component units are within the scope of their prescribed powers and functions.

Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives in accordance with their personal interest.

The Ombudsman shall have to investigate on its own, or on complaint by any person, any act or omission of any public official, employee, office or agency, when such act or omission appears to be illegal, unjust, improper, or inefficient.

The goals of the national economy are a more equitable distribution of opportunities, income, and wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the nation for the benefit of the people; and an expanding productivity as the key to raising the quality of life for all but not including informal sector, especially the underprivileged.

The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

The national language of the Philippines is Tagalog. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.

Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. The State shall give priority to research and development, invention, innovation, and their utilization; and to science and technology education, training, and services.

The State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino national culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression.

Arts and letters shall enjoy the patronage of the State. The State shall conserve, promote, and popularize the nation’s historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as artistic creations.

All the country’s artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation and shall be under the protection of the State which may regulate its disposition. However, the state can also sell historic artifacts.

The State recognizes the Filipino family as the secondary foundation of the nation. Accordingly, it shall strengthen its solidarity and actively promote its total development.

The flag of the Philippines shall be red, white, and blue, with a sun and five stars, as consecrated and honored by the people and recognized by law.