WorksheetsCSMS Biology Review 5
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
The picture shows a student using a microscope to study a prepared slide of a single-celled organism.
A single-celled organism can be classified as a prokaryote based on the absence of —
A cell membrane
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
A nucleus
Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation.
Which statement describes the mutation in the diagram?
A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid.
A substitution occurs with the adenine base.
A deletion of a cytosine base occurs.
A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA.
A remora is a fish that has an adhesive disk on the back of its head that it uses to attach itself to a large shark. When food floats away from the shark’s mouth as it feeds, the remora collects the scraps. Drawings of a shark with a remora attached and a remora’s adhesive disk as shown.
The relationship between the remora and the shark is an example of —
Predation
Parasitism
Commensalism
Competition
The picture shows a pika, a small mammal found in grassland ecosystems. The vast grasslands of the Tibetan plateau are home to the plateau pika. The numerous pikas are prey for many predators of the grasslands, which serve as a major watershed for much of the area. The watershed drains large quantities of groundwater during the rainy season, or the monsoon season. Pikas have extensive burrows that help drain groundwater rapidly and are used as nesting sites by many bird species. However, many people advocate the eradication of the plateau pikas because they compete with livestock for grass.
Which of these will most likely happen if the plateau pikas are completely removed from the Tibetan plateau grasslands?
The ecosystem will become unstable because predators will have fewer prey, the birds will have fewer nesting sites, and the area downriver will become vulnerable to flooding without the burrows to aerate the soil and provide drainage for monsoon rains.
The ecosystem will become more stable because the pika will be replaced by other species of small mammals that can fill the niche, bird species will adapt to nesting aboveground, and the soils will become compacted without the burrows.
The ecosystem will become unstable because the predators will migrate to nearby ecosystems, the birds will nest in nearby trees, and the soils will be aerated by other small mammals.
The ecosystem will become more stable because the pika will no longer be there to eat the grasses, the birds will migrate to other ecosystems during nesting season, and the soils will be able to absorb more of the monsoon rains without the pika burrows.
Albinism is an autosomal recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability when an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait?
F
G
H
J
Part of the cell cycle is shown in this simplified model.
This part of the cell cycle is best described as the process that —
duplicates the DNA
completes cell division
maintains genetic homeostasis
synthesizes new molecules
Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate fragments of DNA. A study published in 1976 examined the properties of Taq polymerase after the enzyme was isolated from Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium that lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The graph shows one of the results of the study.
Which statement about enzyme activity is best supported by this graph?
An enzyme must be composed of multiple polypeptides, or subunits, to be active.
An enzyme’s rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive.
An enzyme functions best under specific temperature conditions.
An enzyme works equally well in bacteria that are adapted to high temperatures and in eukaryotic cells such as human cells.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often infects and destroys CD4 T cells. These CD4 T cells are one of many kinds of white blood cells that are an important part of the immune system.
The most common danger related to the destruction of CD4 T cells is —
an increase in the risk of high blood pressure
an increase in the threat of diseases caused by microorganisms and viruses
a decrease in the flow of blood to vital organs
a decrease in the amount of oxygen being transported to tissues
Common baboons live on the savanna in breeding groups called troops. While females tend to stay with the troop, younger or less dominant males may leave to join a neighboring troop. Which of these is a likely outcome of movement by young males?
Gene flow occurs between populations.
Allele frequencies suddenly change.
Relative genotypic frequencies reach a constant state.
Intermediate phenotypes increase in the species.
An estuary collects sediments from the ocean and rivers that feed into it. The sediments swirl
around and then settle to form a mudflat. Eel grass is then established on the mudflat. The
ecosystem changes over time and ultimately develops into a salt marsh that contains
mangrove trees.
Which of the following is likely NOT involved in this example of ecological succession?
The rotting remains of plants add to the fertility of the soil.
The soil becomes so fertile that eel grass is replaced by other plant species.
The roots from plants help stabilize the sediment, keeping it in place.
The concentration of salt becomes so high that all plant life is destroyed.
Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in —
the location of sugar groups in DNA
the sequence of nucleotides in DNA
the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA
the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA
Students were given a list of seven elements and asked to identify the four elements that are most abundant in biomolecules. Which table correctly identifies the four most-abundant elements in biomolecules?
The graph shows the number of taxa of reptiles whose fossilized tracks have been found.
Which statement is best supported by these data?
Competition for food and shelter among reptile species was very low during the Triassic period.
A great extinction occurred during the Jurassic period.
Environmental conditions for speciation were most favorable for reptiles during the Permian period.
Reptiles adapted to a terrestrial environment during the Cretaceous period.
The picture shows bean-shaped glands called nodes. The clusters of cells in nodes include macrophages that break down viruses and other potentially harmful materials. Nodes also contain cells that produce protein particles capable of capturing harmful materials that flow in tissue fluid through the nodes. Different parts of the body are drained by nodes in different regions of the body.
Which body systems are directly responsible for regulating these nodes and protecting the body from harmful materials in tissue fluid?
Immune and lymphatic systems
Digestive and nervous systems
Endocrine and digestive systems
Circulatory and nervous systems
Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals?
Wax
Nucleic Acid
Glucose
Chlorophyll
This diagram demonstrates why the ocean is a large carbon sink.
An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause atmospheric temperatures to increase. Which statement explains how this could affect the ocean as a carbon sink?
Less atmospheric carbon dioxide would be available to phytoplankton.
Dissolved carbon dioxide gas in the ocean would increase because surface winds would cause a deeper circulation pattern, making more room for the gas.
Less carbon dioxide gas would be contained in the ocean because increasing precipitation
would dilute the carbon entering the ocean.
Less carbon dioxide would be dissolved in the ocean because increasing atmospheric temperatures would cause ocean temperatures to increase.
Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA.
The results provide evidence that —
similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA
fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits
heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms
the replication of genetic material can occur at any temperature
From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?
Each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type.
Each cell type has only one chromosome containing the DNA needed for that cell type.
Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific
genes, leading to a variety of cells.
Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals.
In the 1940s, the scientist J. B. S. Haldane linked many human red blood cell disorders with the tropical regions where malaria occurs. Haldane hypothesized that the widespread presence of these red blood cell disorders as well as traits that protect individuals from malaria were the result of natural selection. Haldane’s hypothesis was later confirmed by the research of A. C. Allison.
The resistance to malaria carried by individuals in areas where malaria is widespread is the result of
a vaccine against malaria
the individuals’ genetic composition
antibiotic medications
the individuals’ behavior in avoiding those with the infection
In Holstein cattle the allele for black hair color (B) is dominant over the allele for red hair
color (b), and the allele for polled (P), or lacking horns, is dominant over the allele for having
horns (p).
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring of a BbPp × BbPp cross if these alleles
sort independently?
16 black/polled : 0 black/horned : 0 red/polled : 0 red/horned
12 black/polled : 0 black/horned : 0 red/polled : 4 red/horned
4 black/polled : 4 black/horned : 4 red/polled : 4 red/horned
9 black/polled : 3 black/horned : 3 red/polled : 1 red/horned
