The first of the three phases of French Gothic architecture from the 12th through the end of the 13th centuries

The middle phase of French Gothic architecture from the end of the 13th through the late 14th centuries

A phase of French Gothic architecture, characterized by the pointed arch and geometric tracery

A phase of French Gothic architecture, characterized by circular windows with radiating lines of tracery

The early development of the Decorated style in the late 13th and early 14th centuries

A phase of Gothic architecture, characterized by the use of geometric tracery

The final phase of French Gothic architecture from the late 14th through the middle of the 16th centuries

A phase of French Gothic architecture, characterized by flame-like tracery, intricacy of detailing, and frequent complication of interior space

The first of the three phases of English Gothic architecture from the late 12th through the 13th centuries

A phase of English Gothic architecture, characterized by the lancet window and plate tracery

The second of the three phases of English Gothic architecture from the late 13th through the late 14th centuries

A phase of English Gothic architecture, characterized by rich tracery, elaborate ornamental vaulting, and refinement of stone cutting techniques

The later development of the Decorated style in the second half of the 14th century

Characterized by use of curvilinear tracery

The final phase of English Gothic architecture prevailing from the late 14th through the early 16th centuries

A phase of English Gothic architecture, characterized by perpendicular tracery, fine intricate stonework, and elaborate fan vaults

Also called Rectilinear style

Characterized by temple complexes consisting of four towers connected by covered galleries to a central dominant tower that represents Mount Meru, the legendary home of the Hindu gods, and a surrounding moat symbolizing the cosmic ocean

The architecture of the Amerindian culture centered in the Oaxaca Valley of Mexico from c. 800 CE to the Spanish conquest

Characterized by great stone masses, the use of interior stone columns, and the highly detailed fretwork of interior and exterior friezes

The architecture of the Amerindian people who settled in central Mexico around 900 CE and who are traditionally credited with laying the foundation of Aztec culture

Characterized by colossal basalt telemones of Toltec warriors, colonnades several ranks deep, and stone panels carved with human-headed jaguars and symbols of Quetzalcóatl, set in plain wall surfaces

Priest-ruler of the Toltec people, who was deified as the feathered-serpent god called by that name

A temple tower in Khmer architecture constructed of stone and richly carved with bas-reliefs depicting epic tales and important events of Khmer history

A large, shallow water tank in the architecture of the Khmer Empire, holding water for irrigation and symbolizing the font of the Hindu cosmos

An Amerindian people inhabiting the northern coast of Peru and having highly developed urban culture that lasted from about 1000 CE to its destruction by the Incas c. 1470

The activity, spirit, or time of the humanisitc revival of classical art, literature, and learning originating in Italy in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world

Characterized by the use of Italian Renaissance forms and motifs in more or less traditional buildings

The group of architectural styles that originated in Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an emphasis on symmetry, exact mathematical relationships between parts, and an overall effect of simplicity and repose

A style of Italian Renaissance art and architecture developed during the 15th century, characterized by the development of linear perspective, chiaroscuro, and in building, by the free and inventive use of classical details

A style of Italian Renaissance art and architecture developed in the late 15th century and 16th centuries, characterized by an emphasis on draftsmanship, the illusion of sculptural volume in painting, and in building, by the imitative use of whole orders and compositional arrangements in the classical style

Great attention to the formulation of compositional rules after the precepts of Vitruvius and the precedents of existing ruins

The Italian Renaissance architecture of the 15th century

A style of Spanish architecture produced from the 13th to 16 centuries by Mudéjars and Christians working within the Muslim tradition

Characterized by a fusion of Romanesque and Gothic with Islamic elements

The Islamic architecture of several Turkish dynasties that ruled over central and western Asia from the 11th to 13th centuries, much influenced by Persian architecture

The Islamic architecture of the Ottoman Empire from the 14th century on, much influenced by Byzantine architecture

The architecture of the Quechuan people who migrated into the Cuzcoarea about 1100 CE and ruled Peru until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century

Characterized esp. by strong simple forms of smooth ashlar or polygonal masonry, which was cut, finished, and fitted with great precision without the use of iron chisels

The architecture of the Amerindian people who settled near the shore of Lake Texcoco in central Mexico c. 1352 and who rose to dominance c. 1450

Characterized chiefly by the pyramid supporting twin temples on a common platform, approached by parallel stairways