The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution; greatest revolution in human history

The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia

In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.

The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around; if this rive had not been, there would have been no Egypt

Major winds in the Indian Ocean that blew into India for half the year, and blew away from India for the other half. Helped facilitate trade in the Indian Ocean.

The belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life.

Which of these are Chinese accomplishments?

Nebuchadnezzar brought Babylon back to life.

He had canals, temples, walls, & palaces rebuilt.

City that was laid out in a grid pattern with long, wide main streets & large rectangular blocks.

They had complex draining plumbing systems, with baths, drains, & water systems.

Becoming liberated for the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism.

What was Muhammad's holy city?

He was born in Bethlehem. He had 12 main disciples. He did many miracles. He died on a cross, rose again on the third day, and is sitting at the right hand of God today.

He was the second king of Israel. He was a man after God's own heart. He killed Goliath.

He founded India's first empire. He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in India. He had a well-ordered government. Royal officials watched the building of roads & harbors. This helped trade.

Other officials collected taxes. Some managed factories & shipyards.

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms. No spiritual book or founder.

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.

Kong Fuzi or Master Kong was the founder. He taught that harmony resulted when people accepted their role in life. He believed in 5 key relationships.

A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature.

The first Central American civilization. These people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. Huge heads made out of stone that were portraits of their chiefs.

Civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, but never unified into a single empire. They had powerful independent city-states. The city-states traded amongst themselves.

a tall, flat stone, often carved with writing, used to mark an important historical event of the Mayan people

the first major South American civilization, which flourished in the highlands of what is now Peru. The people built a huge temple complex. There was a social hierarchy.

the title of the Inca emperor

They were sailors & traders. They made glass from coastal sand. They produced purple dye from a tiny sea snail. They used papyrus.

Capital of the Aztec Empire. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.

Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico

Puebloans lived in this region

They were sea traders. They lived on the mainland of Greece in separate city-states. In each a warrior-king built a thick-walled fortress, & he ruled from it. They fought Troy. Wooden horse?

A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city

government by the people

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

Ancient Greek state that believed in war and physical activity. Hardy warriors

Goddess of wisdom

The battle that effectively ended the Persian war. The Greek fleet, although vastly outnumbered, defeated the Persian fleet by ramming, burning, & sinking their ships. This helped end the Persian war, freeing Greece.

He set up a school called the Academy. He taught the importance of reason. He said people could discover ethical values, perfect beauty, & organize society.

Traditional story of how Rome began. Twins abandoned and rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd . Grew to build Rome. One brother kills the other.

They were the farmers, merchants, & artisans (common people) that made up most of the population of Rome. They were citizens, but had little influence.

Roman god of the sea

Rome and Carthage fought over island of Sicily, was a naval war, Rome was losing because they did not have a good navy, Romans figured out how to board the Carthage ships and fight them there, Romans gained control of Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia (Islands)

A group of conspirators assassinated Julius Caesar in the Senate chamber; known as the Ides of March

Another famous Roman building that was a public arena that stood 12-15 stories high and could hold as many as 50,000 spectators. A system of tunnels and stairs allowed crowds to exit the building quickly. Largest amphitheater in the world.

Byzantine emperor who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program, including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code.

King of Franks; ruled for over 40 years; encouraged education; unified all the Christian lands of Europe into a single empire, & was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

a boy servant or attendant, the first step in becoming a knight

associations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quantity, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen

the principle that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a crime.

Pope who had a conflict with Philip IV and refused the taxes on the French clergy.

Which of these describe student life in the Middle Ages?

Tells the journey of different medieval people with different occupations on the way to visit the tomb of Thomas Becket. It is The Canterbury Tales.

an Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy that describes a journey through hell and purgatory and paradise

He ruled Kiev and forged trading alliances with western Europe, and created a legal code.

Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century.

First absolute tsar of Russia who crushed the boyars, giving him a nasty reputation; killed his son in a fit of rage.

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), paradise and hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

A black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine.

A body of law that includes interpretation of the Quran, examples of Muhammad's life, & Muslim traditions. It regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, & other aspects of life.

Capital of the Abbasid dynasty; the walls formed a circle, with the caliph's palace in the center. Poets, scholars, philosophers, & entertainers from all over the Muslim world flocked to the Abbasid court.

He set the standard for the scientific study of history. He stressed economics & social structure as causes of historical events. He said there should be no bias, exaggeration, or overconfidence in the accuracy of sources.

elite force of the Ottoman army; the brightest students received special education to become government officials.

The kingdom in West Africa that followed the Kingdom of Ghana; its wealth is also based on trans-Saharan trade; this kingdom encouraged the spread of Islam.

This empire was a West African kingdom; its capital was Gao. The soldier king Sonni Ali build the largest state that had ever existed in West Africa.

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.

He revived the glory of ancient Persia. He centralized the government & created a powerful military force. He used a combination of force & diplomacy against the Ottomans. He helped the economy by reducing taxes on farmers & herders & encouraged the growth of industry.

the head physician of Baghdad's chief hospital, wrote many books including one measles and smallpox, challenged and accepted medical practices.

Shiite & non-Arab Muslims, he captured Damascus. The Umayyad family was killed off. Abu al-Abbas formed this dynasty. They tried to created an empire based on equality of all Muslims. The new rulers stopped large military campaigns

the first dynasty of Arab caliphs whose capital was Damascus

Nomadic herders who moved through the desert to reach seasonal pasturelands for their camels, goats, and sheep.

disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helped end Feudalism. Rats, fleas.

Which of these describe Romanesque architecture?

He was from Saxony took the title king of Germany. he & his successors set out to increase their royal power; came into conflict with the Church

the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215; King John was forced to sign it.

A record of all the property and holdings in England commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1066 so he could determine the extent of his lands and wealth.

means handy man; first hominids to make stone tools

"Upright man" these hominids became skillful hunters and invented more sophisticated tools for digging, scraping and cutting. They also became the first hominids to migrate from Africa. Also were the first to use fire.

the group to which modern humans belong; neanderthals are thought to be the earliest modern humans

Which of these are things that define a civilization?

A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.

a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life

The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe were written by Moses. Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, & Deuteronomy

Considered the father of the Israelites; God promised that many generations would come through his family line. The Messiah would come through this line.

God renewed his covenant with him (burning bush). He was given the 10 Commandments. Led the Israelites through the wilderness.

The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around

Corruption & rebellions were common; organized a large drainage project creating new land to farm on.

The Hyksos came in & dominated part of Egypt.

A nomad group that invaded Egypt and ruled in the north. Their dominance was based on their use of horse-drawn chariot changed warfare for the Egyptians.

God of mummification of Egypt

ancient Egyptian writing system using picture symbols for ideas or sounds

a huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing.

Which of these things are things that describe Egyptian medicine?

A single spiritual power that Hindus believe lives in everything

the religious and moral duties of an individual; truthfulness, living in moderation, kindness, peaceful, generous

This dictated where people could live, jobs, who they could marry. People came to believe that the law of karma determined their place in this system.

lowest class of people in the caste system of Hinduism, do all the dirty work of society; dug graves, cleaned streets, & turned animal hides into leather.

Which of these are part of the Eightfold Path?

Had a tomb with much of treasure untouched; told us much of what we know about Egypt today

a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source

a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source

They are known for their giant earthwork that they used for different reasons. They heaped piles of earth into large mounds. Some were burial sites. Some were platforms for palaces. Some were defensive walls.

Some were cone shaped; others in the shapes of animals.

Minoan palace which was ran like a business in which it housed the royal family, artisans, and other merchants since the economy and government based on trade and the walls were covered in watercolor frescoes

the most important contribution the Greek culture gave to the Western world; many countries used Greek as their base to create their language

A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece.

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility.

Spartan citizens male native-born Spartans over what age?

Goddess of love and beauty

The battle that effectively ended the Persian war. The Greek fleet, although vastly outnumbered, defeated the Persian fleet by ramming, burning, & sinking their ships. This helped end the Persian war, freeing Greece.

How many men were in the Roman senate?

In 40 B.C the Roman government wrote the laws of Rome on 12 tablets. This made Plebeians capable to appeal against patrician judge. Now they would be obeyed because the laws were strictly written down, and all citizens know to follow the laws.

Jupiter's wife; protected marriage (Roman)

Two brothers who served as Roman tribunes who tried to address Rome's problems by creating farms for poor Romans and selling food cheaply to poor citizens. Both were killed in the streets.

Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians. He set up his new capital in Byzantium.

Bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities.