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WorksheetsSARS CoV 2 Exam Review
Total questions: 43
Worksheet time: 22mins
Viruses _____.
manufacture their own ATP, proteins, and nucleic acids
use the host cell to copy themselves and then viruses synthesize their own proteins
metabolize food and produce their own ATP
use the host cell to copy themselves and make viral proteins
The host range of a virus is determined by _____.
whether its nucleic acid is DNA or RNA
the enzymes carried by the virus
the proteins on its surface and that of the host
the proteins in the host's cytoplasm
Which of the following accounts for someone who has had regular herpesvirus-mediated cold sore or genital sore flare-ups?
copies of the herpesvirus genome permanently maintained in host cell cytoplasm
copies of the herpesvirus genome permanently maintained in host nuclei
re-infection by the same herpesvirus strain
re-infection by a closely related herpesvirus of a different strain
Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle?
The virus—host relationship usually lasts for generations.
The viral genome replicates without destroying the host.
Viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome.
A large number of viruses are released at a time.
Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?
single-stranded DNA viruses
proviruses
bacteria
retroviruses
In the figure, at the arrow marked II, what enzyme(s) are being utilized?
host cell RNA polymerase
reverse transcriptase
host cell DNA polymerase
viral DNA polymerase
Coronaviruses are named according to __________.
its glycoproteins on the envelope.
its genetic material inside the capsid.
the shape of the capsid.
all of the above
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is a test designed to detect _____________.
the presence of antigens or proteins uniquely belonged to the SARS CoV 2
the presence of SARS CoV 2's genetic material
the presence of antibodies against SARS CoV 2
None of the above
The following patient gets tested for SARS CoV 2 and the results are : antigen test - NEG; RT-PCR - NEG; antibody - POS. Based on this, it means __________.
The patient is having active infection with the virus.
The patient had the virus before and current has no infection.
The patient cannot develop an immune response to the virus.
The patient should be experiencing severe symptoms with the virus everywhere in the body.
SARS CoV 2 is considered a retrovirus with DNA as its genetic material.
True
False
Virus-infected cells release interferons to ______.
remove viral proteins
removal viral genetic materials
prevent viral replication
prevent the host from getting infected by the virus.
A person is most likely to recover from a viral infection if the infected cells _____.
can undergo normal cell division
transcribe viral mRNA
produce and release viral protein
can carry on translation, at least for a few hours
Which of the following can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans?
taking vitamins
getting vaccinated
taking antibiotics
taking drugs that inhibit transcription
Which of the following could use reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome?
ssRNA
ssDNA
dsDNA
All of the above
A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is transcribed into complementary DNA, is a _____.
protease
retrovirus
RNA replicase virus
nonenveloped virus
Viruses use the host's machinery to make copies of themselves. However, some human viruses require a type of replication that humans do not normally have. For example, humans normally do not have the ability to convert RNA into DNA. How can these types of viruses infect humans, when human cells cannot perform a particular role that the virus requires?
The virus causes mutations in the human cells, resulting in the formation of new enzymes that are capable of performing these roles.
The viral genome codes for specialized enzymes not in the host.
The virus infects only those cells and species that can perform all the replication roles necessary.
Viruses can stay in a quiescent state until the host cell evolves this ability.
Viruses that attack bacteria are called
viroids.
prions.
bacteriophages.
host cells.
A virus basically consists of
RNA or DNA and a membrane.
RNA or DNA and a protein coat.
proteins and a cell membrane.
RNA or DNA and enzymes.
Which is the correct sequence of viral replication?
Genetic material replication → penetration → transcription → assembly → protein synthesis
Penetration → transcription → assembly → genetic material replication → protein synthesis
Penetration → genetic material replication → transcription → assembly → protein synthesis
Penetration → genetic material replication → transcription → protein synthesis → assembly
A virus contain both DNA and RNA as its genetic material.
True
False
SARS CoV 2 attaches to __________ to enter the host cell.
Na/K pump
reverse transcriptase
RNA polymerase
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2)
All of the following are damages caused by SARS CoV 2 to blood vessels EXCEPT ______.
decreased permeability/less things can go across the walls of blood vessels
enhanced clotting process
clots blocking capillary circulation
increased cell destruction at the lining of blood vessels
Evidence shows damages in the ________ but no SARS CoV 2 are detected in infected patients.
liver
lungs
pancreas
small intestine
Cells infected with SARS CoV 2 produce an increased number of ACE 2 receptors on their membranes.
True
False
Patients with SARS CoV 2 show
increased insulin secretion
increased B cell survival
degeneration of pancreatic islets
all of the above
The following organs are found to have receptors for SARS CoV 2 EXCEPT
cells in the stomach
type II pneumocytes in the lungs
neurons
cardiac muscle cells
Identify an organ that is not affected by SARS CoV 2.
pancreas
brain
lungs
all of the above are damaged by the virus
SARS CoV 2 causes cellular destruction in the human body via __________
excessive stimulation of cytokines and chemokines
reduction of interferon production in host cells
excessive recruitment of inflammatory cells
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a result of SARS CoV 2 infection?
relaxing blood vessels supplying the heart
thickening of the walls of alveoli inside the lungs
increasing clot formation
breakdown of neurons
Proteins in the blood that can be activated to lyse bacterial cells and mark other bacterial cells for destruction
Steroids
Antibodies
Complement
Interferons
The process by which antibodies bind to antigenic sites on viruses or toxins, rendering them incapable of binding to other cells, is called ______________________________.
neutralization
opsonization
agglutination
precipitation
The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the _______ cells.
B
plasma
macrophages
cytotoxic T
The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins/antibodies are _______ cells.
Natural Killer
plasma
helper T
liver
The body's innate/nonspecific defenses include all of the following EXCEPT
the skin
interferons
antibodies
complement proteins
A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n) _____.
antigen
antibody
immunoglobulin
complement
Memory lymphocytes allow the immune system to quickly respond to previously encountered pathogens if the body happens to be infected with them again.
True
False
During a vaccine trial, the researchers do not know what they inject into the human subjects, and the human subjects do not know whether they receive the placebo or the real vaccine. This is called a _________ method.
randomized
single-blind
double-blind
triple-blind
The following COVID 19 vaccine uses modified adenovirus to deliver mRNA with information for SARS-CoV-2's glycoproteins.
Johnson & Johnson
Pfizer
Moderna
All of the above
The following clinical trial requires the participation of tens of thousands human subjects in order to collect sufficient data.
Phase II vaccine trial
Phase III vaccine trial
Phase I vaccine trial
Exploratory Stage
Normally, it takes about _______ years to produce a vaccine.
1-2
3-5
10-15
less than 12 months
Viral vector vaccine uses adenovirus to deliver genetic information into human body cells.
True
False
Antibodies, after produced, will seek out SARS-CoV-2 and virus-infected cells and directly destroy them.
True
False
You can sue the Covid 19 vaccine makers in court if you experience any adverse side effects from the vaccine.
True
False
