WorksheetsExam 1 Mock Patho
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 27mins
How many potassium ions are pumped in and how many sodium ions are pumped out?
2 K pumped in for every 2 Na pumped out
3 K pumped in for every 3 Na pumped out
2 K pumped in for every 3 Na pumped out
3 K pumped in for every 2Na pumped out
The Na/K pump is representative of what aspect of cellular biology?
Conductivity
Communication
Movement
Secretion
Replication
What is true of anaerobic respiration?
It uses Oxygen
It produces Lactic Acid
It is inefficient in generating ATP
B&C
A&C
What are the adaptive types of cellular adaptation? Select 3 that apply.
Atrophy
Dysplasia
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Hyperplaisa
Pathologic changes can be caused by
Physiologic Stimuli
DNA Changes
Exercise
Disuse
Anaplasia is indicative of a(n)
Cancer
Tumor
Increased number of cells
Lung cell replacing a liver cell
Infection
What is the MOST common cause of cell injury?
Genetic defects
Free radicals
Mechanical damage
Microorganisms
Ischemia
Reduced blood supply can be cause by what factors? Select 4 that apply
Anemia
Low altitude
Cardiac arrest
Poor circulation
Pulmonary Disease
What impact/risks does hypoxia have on tissue?
Infarction
Necrosis
Gangrene
All of the above
None of the above
What is the difference between facilitated and active transport?
Active transport uses a transport protein
Active transport uses an ATP pump
Facilitated transport uses an ATP pump
Facilitated transports uses an ADP protein
What occurs when hydrostatic and osmotic pressure is equal at every capillary-cell interface? What is this law called?
The cell stays the same size
The cell swells:
The cell shrinks
None of the above
Oncotic or colloidal pressure is caused by what action?
The interstitial fluid
The force of albumin pulling water from the ICF to the ECF
The extracellular fluid
The flow of blood through vessels
What occurs when hydrostatic and osmotic pressure is equal at every capillary-cell interface? What is this law called?
Homeostasis, Beckett’s Law
Osmosis, Starling’s Law
Homeostasis, Starling’s Law
Diffusion, Fluid Law
Hydrostatic pressure exerts what kind force/pressure?
Pulling
Pushing
No force
What are some compensation mechanisms in a fluid deficit? Select 3 that apply.
Increased thirst
Increased ADH
Peripheral vasodilation
Decreased heart rate
RAAS activation
A patient has a serum level of 100 mEq/L Na, 66mEq/L K, and 9 mg/dL Ca. What does the patient have? Select 2 that apply
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyponatremia
Hypercalcemia
Which fits the definition of edema?
Not enough sodium in the ISF and ICF
Not enough water in the ISF and ICF
Excess water in the ISF and ICF this causes it to swell
Excess sodium in the ISF and ICF
What are some symptoms of dehydration? Select 3 that apply.
Strong Pulse
Dry mucous membranes
Rapid Pulse
Decreased Hematocrit
Increased skin elasticity
Which of the following is not a hormone that influences fluid volume homeostasis?
Renin
Aldosterone
Vasopressin (ADH)
Natriuretic Peptides
Thyroid Hormone
Which of the following is the result of osmoreceptors sensing any change in blood volume/blood osmolarity?
Triggers the sense of thirst
Stimulates the release of ADH
Secretion of Aldosterone
All of the above
When more ADH is released it causes the body to…
Retain water
Remove Water
Increase absorption of Na
Decrease absorption of Na
What is an effect/symptom of hyponatremia?
Cerebral edema
High blood pressure
Dry mouth
Weight gain
What can cause hypervolemic hyponatremia?
Diarrhea & vomiting
Burns & Wounds
Too much intravascular water
Dehydration
What can cause hypernatremia? Select 2 that apply
Low salt intake
Overdose diuretics
Dehydration
Insufficient ADH
A patient has a potassium level of 1.5 mEq/L(low). What signs and symptoms could you see in the patient?
Slow heart rate
Confusion
Slow GI motility
Altered mental state
What is not a cause of hyperkalemia?
Cell membrane damage
Renal failure
Diarrhea
Acidosis
A patient has a calcium level of 14 mg/dL. What symptoms could you see in the patient?
Decreased neuromuscular excitability
Tetany
Increased neuromuscular excitability
Paresthesia
What are the 2 compensatory mechanisms if blood pH is less than 7.35? (select 2 that apply)
Respiratory system removes CO2
Respiratory system retains CO2
Kidneys retain more bicarbonate ions and excrete hydrogen ions
Kidney remove more bicarbonate ions and reabsorb hydrogen ions
A patient presents with shallow respirations caused by an overdose. What is likely happening?
Respiratory Acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
A patient has a pH of 7.0, PaCO2 of 40, and an HCO3 of 20. What does the patient have?
Respiratory Acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
A patient has a pH of 7.0, PaCO2 of 40, and an HCO3 of 20. (yes, the same from the other question). What history would be good to know about this patient?
History of MI
History of Asthma
History of Diabetes
History of Stroke
What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis? Select 2 that apply.
Increased respiratory rate
Excessive intake of antacids
Excessive acid loss from vomiting
Airway obstruction
A patient has a pH of 8, a PaCO2 of 30, and a HCO3 of 24. What condition and symptom would you see in this patient?
Respiratory acidosis, pneumonia
Metabolic acidosis, severe diarrhea
Respiratory alkalosis, anxiety
Metabolic alkalosis, vomiting
What chemical mediator causes vasodilation?
Histamine
Kinins
Prostoglandinds
All of the above
What do interferons do?
Induce fever
Protect against viruses
Phagocytize foreign cells
Release histamine
Inflammation is the same as infection.
True
False
What is NOT a disease that can cause or is caused by chronic inflammation?
Multiple sclerosis
Diabetes
Osteoarthritis
Asthma
None of the above
Bandemia or left shift is a sign of what leukocyte response?
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils
T-cells
What is not a cardinal sign of inflammation
Warmth
Swelling
Loss of function
Dizziness
Loss of function can be caused by
Edema
Pain
Increased capillary permeability
All of the above
What is a systemic symptom of inflammation?
Heat
Pain
Fever
Edema
What is not a healing phase?
Primary Intention
Proliferative
Inflammatory
Maturation
A patient underwent abdominal surgery. What is the MOST concerning healing complication could happen?
Hypertrophic tissue
Contractures
Adhesions
Keloids
What is a nosocomial infection?
Infection of the nose/nasal passage
Infection acquired in the community
Infection acquired through a vector
Infection acquired in a healthcare facility
What is the correct order of the stages of infection?
Incubation, prodromal, acute, convalescent, resolution
Prodromal, incubation, acute, convalescent, resolution
Prodromal, incubation, acute, convalescent, resolution
Acute, incubation, convalescent, prodromal, resolution
A virus has what kind of characteristics? Select 3 that apply.
Requires a living host to survive
Does not have a cell wall
Has a cell wall
Invades host cells
has a nucleus
What is an example of a parasite?
Candida albicans
Helminths
Pneumocystis jirovecii
None of the above
A post-op patient has been picking at their incision. What infection should healthcare staff be MOST concerned about?
Candida albicans
MRSA
Tinea
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mosquito is an example of …
A Reservoir
A Vector
A Parasite
A Virus
What is NOT a form of infectious transmission
Indirect contact
Direct contact
Droplet contact
None of the above
