Planetary winds in the Northern Hemisphere are deflected to the right due to the

Which star is hotter, but less luminous, than Polaris?

Which statement best explains why Earth and the other planets of our solar system became layered as they were being formed?

Which conditions on Earth’s surface will allow for the greatest amount of water to seep into the ground?

The photograph below shows a Foucault pendulum at a museum. The pendulum knocks over pins in a regular pattern as it swings back and forth.

Earth’s early atmosphere contained carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, water vapor, methane, and ammonia. These gases were present in the atmosphere primarily because

The diagram below represents the apparent positions of the Big Dipper, with respect to Polaris, as seen by an observer in New York State at midnight on the first day of summer and on the first day of winter.

The change in the apparent position of the Big Dipper between the first day of summer and the first day of winter is best explained by Earth

The weather station model shown below indicates that winds are coming from

Which type of air mass most likely has high humidity and high temperature?

What is the relative humidity if the dry-bulb temperature is 16°C and the wet-bulb temperature is 10°C?

The table below shows the air temperature and dewpoint at each of four locations, A, B, C, and D.

Based on these measurements, which location has the greatest chance of precipitation?

Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?

Which gas is considered a major greenhouse gas?

The diagram below represents Earth and the Sun’s incoming rays. Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations on Earth’s surface.

Which two locations are receiving the same intensity of insolation?

Most of the sand that makes up the sandstone found in New York State was originally deposited in which type of layers?

The map below shows the current location of New York State in North America.

Approximately how many million years ago (mya) was this New York State region located at the equator?

Many scientists infer that one cause of the mass extinction of dinosaurs and ammonoids that occurred approximately 65.5 million years ago was

During which geologic epoch do scientists infer that the earliest grasses first appeared on Earth?

What are the inferred pressure and temperature at the boundary of Earth’s stiffer mantle and outer core?

A seismic P-wave is recorded at 2:25 p.m. at a seismic station located 7600 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake. At what time did the earthquake occur?

A seismic station recorded the P-waves, but no S-waves, from an earthquake because S-waves were

The Catskills of New York State are best described as a plateau, while the Adirondacks are best described as mountains. Which factor is most responsible for the difference in landscape classification of these two regions?

An elongated hill that is composed of unsorted sediments deposited by a glacier is called

Which rock was subjected to intense heat and pressure but did not solidify from magma?

The map below shows a stream drainage pattern where the streams radiate outward from the center.

Which landscape feature would produce this stream drainage pattern?

The map below shows the area that, at one time, was covered by ancient Lake Bonneville. Evidence of ancient shorelines indicates that, near the end of the last ice age, Lake Bonneville existed in western Utah and eastern Nevada. The Great Salt Lake in Utah is a remnant of the former Lake Bonneville.

Which material that was formerly on the bottom of Lake Bonneville is most likely exposed on the land surface today?

The cross section below represents a portion of a meandering stream. Points X and Y represent two positions on opposite sides of the stream.

Based on the cross section, which map of a meandering stream best shows the positions of points X and Y?

When wind and running water gradually decrease in velocity, the transported sediments are deposited

The graph below shows ocean water levels for a shoreline location on Long Island, New York. The graph also indicates the dates and times of high and low tides.

Based on the data, the next high tide occurred at approximately

Which diagram best represents heat transfer by the process of conduction?

The diagram below represents the position of Earth in its orbit and the position of a comet in its orbit around the Sun.

Which inference can be made about the comet’s orbit, when it is compared to Earth’s orbit?

Which sequence of geologic events is in the correct order, from oldest to most recent?

The cross section of the atmosphere below represents the air motion near two frontal boundaries along reference line XY on Earth’s surface.

Which weather map correctly identifies these fronts and indicates the direction that these fronts are moving?

Which block diagram represents the plate motion that causes the earthquakes that occur along the San Andreas Fault in California?