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Econ-Final Exam Review

Total questions: 107

Worksheet time: 4hrs 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The definition of economics is the study of

a)

how governments set social policy.

b)

the influence of the Federal Reserve on history.

c)

how governments dictate which businesses succeed or fail in a country.

d)

the use of scarce resources that have alternative uses.

2.

You have $20. With that $20, you can either put gas in your car, take a date to the movies, or buy new clothes. You cannot, however, do all three choices. Your first choice for the use of the $20 is to put gas in your car. Your second choice is to take a date to the movies. Your third choice is to buy new clothes. The opportunity cost for using the $20 to put gas in your car is

a)

$20

b)

taking a date to the movies.

c)

buying new clothes.

d)

both taking a date to the movies and buying new clothes.

3.

You have 12 hours available for study (homework, test preparation, work on school project), relaxation (watching TV, spending time on Facebook, etc.), and sleeping between when you get home on a school day and when you must get up for school the next day. When you are considering spending an extra hour studying instead of using that hour for sleep or relaxation, you are illustrating the principle of

a)

thinking at the margin.

b)

opportunity cost.

c)

incentives.

d)

TANSTAAFL.

4.

Which of these statements is descriptive of a market economy?

a)

Most media is state-owned and operated.

b)

The government determines what is produced and by whom.

c)

Major economic decisions are made for individuals, not by them.

d)

Major economic decisions are made by individuals, not for them.

5.

Opportunity cost refers to

a)

the dollar amount attached to a good or service.

b)

the value of the next best alternative.

c)

the cost of not expanding production.

d)

the cost of labor when production is expanded or changed.

6.

Which of these is an accurate statement about mixed economies today?

a)

There are more mixed economies in the world than any other kind.

b)

Very few economies today can be accurately described as “mixed.”

c)

Mixed economies exist mostly in nations with communist governments.

d)

Most nations that once had a mixed economy have evolved into command economies.

7.

A nation’s leaders must decide whether to spend money on the military or on funding safety net programs. What do economists call this type of choice?

a)

guns or butter issue

b)

underutilization of resources

c)

a decision at the margin

d)

the law of increasing costs

8.
Economics is the study of how people satisfy their ______ and ______.
a)
wants; thoughts
b)
thoughts; desires
c)
wants; needs
d)
rent; utilities
9.
Resources are limited due to the fact that all resources are _____.
a)
sketchy
b)
expensive
c)
cheap
d)
scarce
10.
The factors of production include ________, ________. and ________.
a)
air, sea, land
b)
land, labor, investment
c)
labor, land, capital
d)
earth, wind, fire
11.
A graph that shows alternative ways to use an economy's productive resources.
a)
Production Possibilities Frontier
b)
Production Possibilities Curve
c)
Possible Production Benefits
d)
Resource Allocation Management
12.
Any point inside the production possibilities frontier.
a)
Efficiency
b)
Inefficiency
c)
Underutilization
d)
Law of Increasing Costs
13.
Which type of economy has private property, consumer sovereignty, individual choice, profit, and no government involvement?
a)
traditional economy
b)
command economy
c)
free market economy
d)
mixed economy
14.
What type of economy has a private and public sector, the characteristics of a free market, and is the most common economic system today?
a)
Free Market Economy
b)
Mixed Economy
c)
Command Economy
d)
Traditional Economy
15.
Which type of economic system bases its decisions on custom and historical precedent?
a)
Free Market Economy
b)
Mixed Economy
c)
Command Economy
d)
Traditional Economy
16.
An economic system in which businesses compete against one another free of government control
a)
Socialism
b)
Free Enterprise
c)
Product
d)
Marketing
17.
The definition of Scarcity is...
a)
An unlimited amount of resources to meet limited wants and needs
b)
A limited amount of resources to meet unlimited wants and needs.
c)
When people use time and energy to create events
d)
a city where individuals commit themselves to unlimited wants and needs
18.
____________ are the products made in an economy. 
a)
Goods
b)
Services
c)
Consumption
19.
______________________ are provided to you by a company. 
a)
Consumption
b)
Goods
c)
Services
20.
The law of demand states that as the price increases then 
a)
quantity demanded increases
b)
quantity demanded decreases
c)
demand increases
d)
demand decreases
21.

The desire to have some good or service and the ability to pay for it

a)

supply

b)

equilibrium

c)

demand

d)

quantity demanded

22.
Iceberg & romaine are two different types of lettuce. For most consumers, iceberg and romaine are 
a)
complements
b)
substitutes
c)
inferior goods
d)
resources
23.

When producers offer more of a good as its price increases and less as its price falls, this defines the

a)

law of demand

b)

law of supply

c)

change in demand

d)

change in supply

24.

The willingness and ability of a producer to make a product is referred to as

a)

quantity supplied

b)

quantity demanded

c)

supply

d)

demand

25.
Which graph below shows the SUPPLY CURVE?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
26.
When the demand for a product or service is higher than the supply this causes what?
a)
shortage
b)
consumer
c)
surplus
d)
equilibrium
27.
When there is a shortage the price will usually? 
a)
rise
b)
fall
c)
remain the same
d)
equilibrium
28.
What does this curve represent?
a)
supply
b)
equilibrium
c)
demand
d)
surplus
29.
What does this curve represent?
a)
demand
b)
supply
c)
equilibrium
d)
shortage
30.
What does this graph show?
a)
Shortage
b)
Surplus
c)
Supply Table
d)
Equilibrium
31.
The market equilibrium price is the price at which
a)
surpluses depress the number of goods supplied
b)
shortages and surpluses will have no effect on the market
c)
the government will not intervene in the market
d)
the quantity demanded is the same as the quantity supplied
32.
Goods that are bought and used together are 
a)
complementary goods
b)
substitute goods
c)
income goods
d)
unrelated goods
33.

A situation in which a minimum price is set is referred to as

a)

a shortage

b)

a surplus

c)

a price ceiling

d)

a price floor

34.

A situation in which a maximum price is set is referred to as

a)

a shortage

b)

a surplus

c)

a price ceiling

d)

a price floor

35.
When the government sets a price floor on earned income, it is called which of the following?
a)
market equilibrium rate
b)
base-level wage
c)
minimum wage
d)
employment guarantee
36.
What is the government controlled price ceiling on apartment prices called?
a)
floor pricing
b)
rent control
c)
equilibrium level
d)
rent monitoring
37.
In which market structure is there the LEAST competition?
a)
Monopoly
b)
Oligopoly
c)
Monopolistic Competition
d)
Perfect Competition
38.
In which market structure is there the MOST competition?
a)
Monopoly
b)
Oligopoly
c)
Monopolistic Competition
d)
Perfect Competition
39.
Which type of market structures has many many producers(companies) that sell identical products and has no control over price?
a)
perfect competition
b)
monopolistic competition
c)
oligopoly
d)
monopoly
40.
Which type of market structures has very few producers(companies) that control the majority of the market?
Hint: think of the soda market
a)
perfect competition
b)
monopolistic competition
c)
oligopoly
d)
monopoly
41.
Which scenario is an example of a monopoly? 
a)
A local water company is the sole provider of water for a small town.
b)
A dry cleaner specializes in environmentally friendly cleaning methods.  
c)
A farmer produces green beans for sale at a farmer's market.
d)
A small number of cereal companies produce most of the cereal on the market.
42.
This market structure has 3-4 firms who dominate 70-80% of the industry. 
a)
Monopoly
b)
Monopolistic Competitio
c)
Perfect Competitio
d)
Oligopoly 
43.
List the four market structures in order from least competitive to most competitive.
a)
Oligopoly, Monopoly, Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition
b)
Perfect Competition, Oligopoly, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition
c)
Monopoly, Oligopoly, Monopolistic Competition, Perfect Competition
d)
Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition, Perfect Competition, Oligopoly
44.

Firms in this kind of market produce goods that are very close substitutes.

a)

Perfect Competition

b)

Pure Monopoly

c)

Monopolistic Competition

d)

Oligopoly

45.

Which of the following is an example of a positive externality resulting from an outdoor band concert?

a)

An elderly woman in her apartment hears a song that she liked as a child.

b)

A pair of endangered birds leave their nest in a nearby tree when the concert starts.

c)

A pizza parlor closes early, because all of its customers are at the concert.

d)

A traffic jam occurs as drivers hunt for parking spots near the concert.

46.
Which of the following best represents a positive externality? 
a)
Purchasing a pass for an amusement park 
b)
Being disturbed by neighboring construction noise 
c)
Dumping waste on someone else’ s property 
d)
Enjoying watching birds at a neighbor’s bird feeder 
47.
A ______ Externality occurs when a cost of production or consumption falls on a 3rd Party.
a)
Negative
b)
Neutral
c)
Positive
48.

An Economic side effect of a good or service that generates benefits or costs to someone other than the person deciding how much to produce or consume.

a)

Public good

b)

Free rider

c)

Externalities

d)

Private sector

49.
In what type of business organization is each owner personally liable for all business debts, even if the debts were created by other owners?
a)
corporation
b)
partnership
c)
proprietorship
d)
S corporation
50.
Groups of people form consumer cooperatives to 
a)
purchase goods and services more cheaply than they could as individuals
b)
reduce the amount of property taxes that each member must pay
c)
generate a profit for each member of the group
d)
increase their political power in their community
51.
This type of business is owned by one person.
a)
Partnership
b)
Sole Proprietorship
c)
Corporation
d)
Franchise
52.

Which of the following is the definition for Franchise

a)

business investment that involves renting or leasing another successful business model

b)

unincorporated business owned and run by a single person who has rights to all profits and unlimited liability for all debts of the firm; most common form of business organization in the United States

c)

unincorporated business owned and operated by two or more people who share the profits and have unlimited liability for the debts and obligations of the firm

d)

form of business organization recognized by law as a separate legal entity with all the rights and responsibilities of an individual, including the right to buy and sell property, enter into legal contracts, and to sue and be sued

53.

Which of the following is the definition for Partnership?

a)

business investment that involves renting or leasing another successful business model

b)

unincorporated business owned and run by a single person who has rights to all profits and unlimited liability for all debts of the firm; most common form of business organization in the United States

c)

unincorporated business owned and operated by two or more people who share the profits and have unlimited liability for the debts and obligations of the firm

d)

form of business organization recognized by law as a separate legal entity with all the rights and responsibilities of an individual, including the right to buy and sell property, enter into legal contracts, and to sue and be sued

54.
A business partnership has ___________ who share the risks and the profits.
a)
One owner
b)
No more than three owners
c)
Two or more owners
d)
Five or more owners
55.
What do we call a person who is willing to take the risks of starting a business in order to make a profit?
a)
Proprieter
b)
Partner
c)
Entrepreneur
d)
Incorporater
56.
The owners of a corporation are called
a)
Directors
b)
Partners
c)
Shareholders
d)
Founders
57.

Which business type makes up approximately 75% of all businesses?

a)

Sole Proprietorship

b)

Partnership

c)

Corporation

58.

The negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees

a)

Labor Unions

b)

Workers Rights

c)

Worker Strikes

d)

Collective Bargaining

59.

An organization of workers dedicated to protecting members' interests and improving wages, hours and working conditions for all.

a)

Labor Union

b)

Workers Rights

c)

Worker Strikes

d)

Collective Bargaining

60.

Training and experiences is considered

a)

physical capital

b)

human capital

c)

labor

d)

necessary to obtain an unskilled job

61.

What is the price for labor

a)

value

b)

labor productivity

c)

wages

d)

human capital

62.

Practice of contracting with an outside company to provide goods or services

a)

labor productivity

b)

outsourcing

c)

insourcing

d)

human capital

63.

The practice of foreign companies establishing operations in, and therefore bringing jobs to the United States.

a)

outsourcing

b)

insourcing

c)

labor market

d)

collective bargaining

64.

Which category of labor usually receives the lowest wages?

a)

Unskilled

b)

Semi skilled

c)

Skilled

d)

Professional

65.

Which category of labor requires workers to operate complex equipment and machinery?

a)

Unskilled

b)

Semi skilled

c)

Skilled

d)

Professional

66.

(Click all that apply)

The civilian labor force is made up of...

a)

Men and Women at least 16 years old.

b)

Working people

c)

People looking for a job

d)

People in prison

67.

Your health, skills, education and abilities are just some of the things that make up your...

a)

human capital

b)

wage

c)

category of labor

d)

labor mobility

68.

A yard and lawn landscaper requires enough mechanical skill or training to run a lawn mower. This type of job falls under the category of...

a)

unskilled labor

b)

semi-skilled labor

c)

skilled labor

d)

professional labor

69.

A carpenter is able to operate complex machinery and can perform their job with little supervision. This type of job falls under the category of...

a)

unskilled labor

b)

semi-skilled labor

c)

skilled labor

d)

professional labor

70.

A computer programmer writing software has the highest levels of education. This type of job falls under the category of...

a)

unskilled labor

b)

semi-skilled labor

c)

skilled labor

d)

professional labor

71.

What can affect the labor force?

a)

Higher Populations

b)

Higher Participation Rate

c)

Pandemics

d)

Recessions

e)

All of the Above

72.

The transfering of work from a specific area of the company ( e.g. accounting, manufacturing) to an outside supplier, which can be done to a company that is located in the home country or anywhere else is called______.

a)

Offshoring

b)

Outsourcing

c)

Globalization

73.

Moving operations from the country where a company is headquartered to a country where pay rates are lower and the necessary skills are available.

a)

Foreign markets

b)

Offshoring

c)

Outsourcing

74.

Employees who work with information or who develop or apply information in the workplace

a)

Knowledge workers

b)

Blue collar workers

c)

White collar worker

75.

Employees that are employed for limited amounts of time

a)

Temporary Workers

b)

Knowledge Workers

c)

Skilled Workers

d)

Professional Workers

76.

A(n) ___________________ is a wage rate that results in neither a surplus or a shortage of qualified workers

a)

Wage

b)

Equilibrium Wage

c)

Labor Shortage

d)

Minimum Wage

77.

Non-wage compensations offered to workers in addition to their pay

a)

Salary

b)

Minimum Wage

c)

Fringe Benefits

d)

Cost of Living

78.
Income tax is-
a)
Money your employer pays to you
b)
Money you earn and put into the bank
c)
Tax paid on the money you earn annually
d)
Money you pay to your employee
79.
Sales Tax is-
a)
tax on retail goods
b)
tax on the house you own
c)
tax taken out of your paycheck
d)
tax that you pay once a year on your income
80.
Property Tax is-
a)
Tax on things you buy or purchase
b)
tax on the house you own
c)
tax take out of your paycheck
d)
tax that you pay once a year on your income
81.
Payroll Tax is-
a)
the amount of money you actually get to take home
b)
FREE MONEY
c)
tax taken out of your paycheck by your employer or boss
d)
tax when you buy something
82.

A ___________________ tax is one that takes the same share of income at all levels

a)

Proportional

b)

Progressive

c)

Regressive

83.

A _________________ tax is a tax that takes a larger share of income as income increases.

a)

Proportional

b)

Progressive

c)

Regressive

84.

A _______________ tax is a tax that takes a smaller share of income as income increases

a)

Proportional

b)

Progressive

c)

Regressive

85.

The _____________________ is a form of payroll taxes.

a)

Social Security Tax

b)

Medicare Tax

c)

Unemployment Tax

d)

Inheritance Tax

86.

In Michigan, the ____________________ is 6% that you pay on top of the purchase price of goods and services.

a)

Excise Tax

b)

Luxury Tax

c)

Sales Tax

d)

Property Tax

87.

The largest business tax is the ______________________, which is applied to the profits of corporations

a)

Income Tax

b)

Luxury Tax

c)

Sales Tax

d)

Corporate Income Tax

88.

__________________ are typically levied on goods and services that the government wants to regulate, like cigarettes and alcohol. They are also called "sin taxes"

a)

Sales Taxes

b)

Excise Taxes

c)

User Fees and Tolls

d)

Property Taxes

89.

___________________ are levied on the sale of luxury goods, such as private jets.

a)

Sales Taxes

b)

Excise Taxes

c)

Luxury Taxes

d)

Property Taxes

90.

The price you pay to cross the Mackinac Bridge or to enter a National Park is considered a(n):

a)

User Fee/Toll

b)

Sales Tax

c)

Excise Tax

d)

Estate Tax

91.

The federal government imposes an _________________ on assets left to heirs of someone who dies.

a)

Sales tax

b)

Property tax

c)

Estate tax

d)

Social Security tax

92.

_______________ is the idea that the tax system should be fair.

a)

Tax Base

b)

Tax Equity

c)

Tax Rate

d)

Tax Incidence

93.

The _______________ is the thing that is taxed, such as personal income.

a)

Tax Base

b)

Tax Equity

c)

Tax Rate

d)

Tax Incidence

94.

The _______________ is the percentage of income that is taxed.

a)

Tax Base

b)

Tax Equity

c)

Tax Rate

d)

Tax Incidence

95.

This agency oversees the testing and approval of drugs before they go on the market.

a)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

b)

Federal Deposit Insurance Agency (FDIC)

c)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

d)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

96.

This agency insures nearly all bank deposits for up to $100,000 per depositor.

a)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

b)

Federal Deposit Insurance Agency (FDIC)

c)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

d)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

97.

This agency sets safety and health standards for industries to ensure worker safety.

a)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

b)

Federal Deposit Insurance Agency (FDIC)

c)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

d)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

98.

_____________________ are spillover effects (positive or negative) that result from production or consumption and are costs or benefits that affect someone other than the producer or consumer of a good or service.

a)

Externalities

b)

Subsidies

c)

Taxes

d)

Property Rights

99.

The ______________________ is the percentage of households in America whose incomes fall below the poverty threshold.

a)

Poverty Rate

b)

Economic Mobility

c)

Unemployment Rate

d)

Welfare

100.

The __________________ is the total amount owed by a nation's government as a result of borrowing.

a)

Tax Rate

b)

Federal Deficit

c)

National Debt

d)

Tax Base

101.

The __________________ is the shortfall between tax revenues and government expenditures in a given year.

a)

Tax Rate

b)

Federal Deficit

c)

National Debt

d)

Tax Base

102.

________________ spending is spending that is fixed by law, such as paying interest on the national debt and paying for Social Security

a)

Mandatory

b)

Discretionary

103.

________________ spending is spending that is made up of expenditures that may be raised or lowered as Congress sees fit. The biggest chunk of this spending goes towards funding national defense (the military).

a)

Mandatory

b)

Discretionary

104.

This form of economics focuses on the decision making of individuals, households, and firms

a)

Microeconomics

b)

Macroeconomics

105.

This form of economics focuses on the workings of the economy as a whole

a)

Microeconomics

b)

Macroeconomics

106.

_______________ is the percentage of the labor force that is seeking work

a)

unemployment rate

b)

structural unemployment

c)

full employment

d)

cyclical unemployment

107.

When an economy reaches ______________________, jobs exist for everyone who wants to work, even though a percentage of those jobs and workers will not yet have been matched together

a)

unemployment rate

b)

structural unemployment

c)

full employment

d)

cyclical unemployment