King of Franks, crowned Emperor of Romans by Pope Leo III, Ruled after Pepin the Short, ensured the survival of Christianity

Frankish ruler. He stopped the Muslim invasion. aka the Hammer.

First king of Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes (royal chieftains) under one ruler (king) that was passed down to heirs. First Christian king to rule Gaul (France)

Known as "de Navarre". Le chef des Protestants. He converted to Catholicism.

President of the First French republic & ruler of the Second French Empire. This nationalist was the first president and last monarch and reasserted French power in Europe & the colonial world.

King of the Franks. First of the Carolingians to become not only de facto but also de jure ruler of Franca. Charles Martel's younger son.

First king of the Catholique Renaissance. Married to Catherine de Medici.

Duchess of Austria. Came to France as part of a marriage deal that represented a reversal of alliances.

Italian-born French queen. Very influential, especially during the Religious Wars. Mother of Margot. Married to Henri II. She orchestrated Marguerite/Margot's marriage as a way to bring peace.

French Renaissance poetess who wrote love poetry which was scandalous at the time; she used objectification in her poetry on the male body

French Catholic forced to marry Henri IV

A slaughter of Protestants in the palace during Marguerite's marriage to Henri IV. Leader of the Huguenots was murdered as well as hundreds of other Protestants.

Frankish and Burgundian forces against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate. Frankish troops won the battle without cavalry. This battle helped lay foundations of Carolingian Empire and Frankish domination of Europe for the next century.

This important engagement of the Napoleonic Wars was won by Napoléon. La Grande Armée de France defeated the Austrian and Russian forces. Gave Napoléon credibility, power.

A series of conflicts fought between France and Europe under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte from 1799 to 1815, beginning with the War of the First Coalition.

États-Généraux de 1789

La Guerre de Cent Ans

L'Edit de Nantes

Le Code Noir

Enlightenment writer of the Le Contrat Social

Enlightenment writer; contributed to l'Encyclopédie. Wrote Jacques le Fataliste.

Enlightenment writer. Believed in the separation of powers, an idea that has influenced many countries' constitutions. Wrote Lettres Persanes & Spirit of Laws.

Writer and philosopher famous for his libertine sexuality. Wrote "Justine." Proponent of extreme freedom and unrestrained morality. Works were very scandalous.

Wrote Le Comte de Monte-Cristo,

Wrote La Petite Fadette (novel of the countryside)

Wrote "La Comédie Humaine," a multivolume collection of short novels about people during the Restoration and the July Monarchy. Explored how society after the Revolution became dominated by money

Wrote "René" and Atala

Wrote Notre Dame de Paris, Les Misérables

Wrote De la Terre à la lune, Vingt mille lieues sous les mers, Voyage au centre de la Terre, Le tour du monde en quatre-vingt jours

Best known French short story (des contes) writer, Boule de Suif & Le Collier

French novelist famous for Madame Bovary (1857), Known as the prime mover of the realist school of French literature

Famous novelist, essayist and critic. He is best known for his epic 7 volume work, À la recherche du temps perdu (In search of Lost Time)

French writer and poet. He is known best as the co-founder, leader, principal theorist and chief apologist of surrealism. Wrote Nadja

French writer, humanist, and moralist who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1947. L'Immoraliste, Les Faux-moyanneurs. Symbolist movement and anticolonialism between the two world wars.

French author, wrote Les Rougon-Macquart. The foremost proponent of the doctrine of naturalism in literature. A major figure in the liberalization of France and the Dreyfus Affair.

André Malraux is the author of:

Colette is the author of:

Gaston Leroux is the author of:

Georges Perec is the author of:

French sculptor. Nouveau Réalisme movement. Used welded metal and junk metal and created fantastical sculptures.

Regarded as one of the founders of impressionism. Created paintings, sculptures, prints, and drawings.

French novelist, playwright, and philosopher. Wrote about the conflict between mauvaise foi and the authentic self. Wrote La Nausée, L'Âge de raison, L'Existentialisme est un humanisme.

French Impressionist painter known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. (Fauvism)

Cogito ergo sum. A French philosopher, mathematician, and writer dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings

19th century French sculptor.

Sculpted The Thinker and The Kiss.

French painter, revolutionary artist.

Pivotal figure in the transition from realism to impressionism.

Post-impressionist painter. Said to have formed the bridge between impressionism and Cubism of the 20th century.

Artistic and literary movement from 18th century to the mid-19th century. Characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism, and the reverence for nature.

19th-century art movement characterized by a concern with depicting the visual impression of the moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of light and color. (a literary or artistic style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience rather than to achieve accurate depiction.)

Began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848 revolution. Painters rejected le romanticisme and wanted to represent subject matter truthfully without artificiality or implausible, supernatural elements.

What is the way to end an email (less formal but still business like)

French satire published during the French Enlightenment writer. PLOT: Young man lives in a paradise before being introduced to the idea of optimism. After that, he faces the harsh realities of the world and becomes disillusioned.

Epic poem based on the Battle of Roncevaux in 778, under the rule of Charlemagne. Oldest surviving work of French literature. Recounts a story of Charlemagne and his army fighting the Muslims of Spain.

Satirical novel by Voltaire. Tells the story of Huron, un amérindien, who travels across the Atlantic to England then France in the 1690s. He's wrongfully imprisoned for showing empathy for those fleeing religious persecution. A satirical commentary on religion and society.

A medieval French poem styled as an allegorical dream vision where the "rose" is usually interpreted as representing female sexuality.

Voltaire

Hugenots

François de Rabelais (~1490-1553)

Chrétien de Troyes (Moyen Âge)

Was 15 years old when it was time for him to become king. Was indecisive and easily persuaded. Was married to Marie Antoinette of Austria to symbolize the end of a rivalry. Had trouble producing an heir/consummating the marriage.

"L'Incorruptible." Was an influential leader of Revolution and was eventually executed. Represented the Third Estate in Les États Généraux. He advocated against the death penalty and for the abolition of slavery, while supporting equality of rights, universal suffrage and the establishment of a republic.

Known as the Sun King. Built Versailles and moved French court there. Reigned over a period of unprecedented prosperity in which France became the dominant power in Europe.

Contributing to the decline of royal authority that led to the French Revolution in 1789.

"The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. he made the first accurate map of the coast and he helped establish the settlements.

An influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later named after him.

A French explorer of Breton origin who claimed what is now Canada for France. He was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of Canadas", after the Iroquois names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island).

Claiming divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII of France. Burned at the stake for heresy when she was 19 years old.

The Insurrection of 10 August 1792 was a defining event of the French Revolution, when armed revolutionaries in Paris, increasingly in conflict with the French monarchy acted. This conflict led France to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic.

Les idées fondamentales de la révolution qui ont lancé la lutte contre la tyrannie de la monarchie. Les droits correspondent à la nature de l'homme et sont inévitables, indéniables et NATURELLES.

This was the flashpoint of the French Revolution. The medieval fortress and prison represented royal authority in the center of Paris.

Assemblée de transition entre les États-Généraux et L'Assemblée Nationale Constitutionnelle. Il était assemblée revolutionaire crée par le Troisième État.

A period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution".

Formed following the defeat by Prussia in War of 1870 and the collapse of Napoleon III's Second Empire. It was a far-left* revolutionary socialist government that controlled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871.

Ruled by Pétain. La zone libre du sud de la France (le nord étant la zone occupée). French rulers were little more than puppets and were still under German control.

A conflict that was the culmination of years of tension between Prussian kingdoms and France. Prussia's win and the unification of Germany shaped Europe for the century to come.

Duchess of Austria and last queen of France. Came to France as part of a marriage deal to Louis XVI that represented a reversal of alliances.

A scandal that rocked in France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A French artillery man was falsely convicted of passing military secrets to the Germans. He was sentenced to life in prison en Guyane. Highlighted antisemitism in France.

At its inception during the French Revolution, the term was popularly applied to all supporters of revolutionary opinions. A revolutionary political movement that was the most famous political club during the French Revolution (1789–1799)

Subset of early French revolutionaries who enjoyed considerable support in the provinces.