The area of space in which a sensory receptor can respond to a stimulus or the specific area of sensitivity of a receptor cell where a stimulus will affect its activity

the totality of the stimuli that impinge on a receptor or an individual at a given time.

the computational system (biological or artificial) designed to make inferences about properties of a physical environment based on senses.

The process of detecting and responding to incoming sensory information

the process by which one form of energy is converted into another.

the act or process of causing something (e.g., a disease) to pass from one place or person to another.

In perception, the process of assigning meaning to incoming sensory information so that it can be understood

the transparent part of the outer covering of the eye, through which light first passes.

Cells that receive and process sensory information

the aperture through which light passes on entering the eye.

a muscular disk that surrounds the pupil of the eye and controls the amount of light entering the eye by contraction or relaxation.

 a transparent, biconvex structure in the anterior portion of the eyeball (just behind the iris) that provides the fine, adjustable focus of the optical system

a visual receptor: a retinal rod or a retinal cone.

any of various photoreceptors in the retina that respond to low light levels

any of various photoreceptors in the retina that respond to moderate or high light levels

the only type of neuron in the retina that sends signals to the brain resulting from visual stimulation

the second cranial nerve, which carries the axons of retinal ganglion cells and extends from the retina to the optic chiasm.

the area of the monocular visual field in which stimulation cannot be perceived because the image falls on the site of the optic disk in the eye.

the location at the base of the brain at which the optic nerves from the two eyes meet.

farsightedness caused by a refractive error due to an abnormally short eyeball, which causes the image of close objects to be blurred because the focal point of one or both eyes lies behind, rather than on, the retina.

nearsightedness caused by a refractive error due to an abnormally long eye in which the retinal image is blurred because the focal point of one or both eyes lies in front of, rather than on, the retina.

Rule applied to visual information to assist organisation and interpretation of the information in consistent and meaningful ways

Organising the features of a visual scene to perceive a whole, complete form

In visual perception, organising visual information by perceptually dividing a visual scene into a figure, which stands out form the groud which is its surroundings

an ambiguous figure in which the perspective easily shifts, so that at certain times specific elements appear to make up a distinct figure while at others those same elements appear as an indistinct background

the use of cryptic coloration and vocal signals that are difficult to localize in order to conceal one’s location

states that people tend to perceive incomplete forms (e.g., images, sounds) as complete, synthesizing the missing units so as to perceive the image or sound as a whole—in effect closing the gap in the incomplete forms to create complete forms.

states that people tend to organize objects with similar qualities into a perceptual group and interpret them as a whole

states that people tend to organize objects close to each other into a perceptual group and interpret them as a single entity.

A source of information from the environment (external cue) that assists perception of how far away objects are and therefore to perceive depth; often classified as binocular or monocular

The ability to accurately estimate the distance of objects and therefore perceive the world in three dimensions

A depth or distacne perception cue requiring the use of both eyes

the rotation of the two eyes inward toward a light source so that the image falls on corresponding points on the foveas

the slight difference between the right and left retinal images

the information in the retinal image that gives us information about depth and distance but can be inferred from just a single retina (or eye).

In visual perception, a depth cue involving the automatic focusing of the lens in the eye to adjust shape in response to changes in the distance of view from an object

A visual perception depth cue that can be represented pictorially on a two-dimensional surface

A visual perception depth cue based on the apparent convergence of parallel lines as they recede into the distance

when two objects are in the same line of vision and the closer object, which is fully in view, partly conceals the farther object

the progressive decline in the resolution of textures as the viewer moves away from them.

The perceptual tendency to visually perceive the object that produces the largest image on the retina as being closer and the object that produces the smallest image as being further away (when objects are expected to be the same size)

The perceptual tendency to visually perceive objects located closer to the horizon as being more distant than objects located further from the horizon

the phenomenon in which an object or its properties (e.g., size, shape, color) appear unchanged despite variations in the stimulus itself or in the external conditions of observation, such as object orientation or level of illumination.

the ability to perceive an object as being the same size despite the fact that the size of its retinal image changes depending on its distance from the observer.

a type of perceptual constancy in which an object is perceived as having the same shape when viewed at different angles.

the tendency to perceive a familiar object as having the same brightness under different conditions of illumination.

The predisposition to perceive something in accordance with expectations of what it is.

The setting, situation or environment in which an event occurs; in visual perception, the setting in which a perception is made

Processes within an organism which activate behaviour that is directed towards achieving a particular goal

How an individual is feeling at a point in time

Personal experiences throughout an individual's life, including everything that is learned intentionally and unintentionally through experience

Sensory receptor that detects the chemical molecules that enable taste; sometimes called gustatory cells

Structure containing taste receptors

Small bumps on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds

Connects the surface of the tongue to taste receptors within taste buds (via gustatory hairs)

Fine hairs that extend from the taste receptors into taste pores, thereby connecting taste pores to taste receptors

The dissolved chemical moelcules in the mouth that can be tasted

Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

An inconsistency or mismatch between a perceptual experience and physical reality

A consistent perceptual misinterpretation of real sensory information whenever that sensory information is viewed

A visual illusion in which one of two lines of equal length, each of which has opposite shaped ends, is incorrectly perceived as being longer than the other

A perceptual misinterpretation involving a trapezium-shaped room which appears rectangular when viewed through a peephole using only eye and people appear small or large depending on where they stand in the room

Perceptual experience in which stimulation of one sense involuntarily produces additional unusual experiences in another sense