Reformation and professionalization of the police service gained official recognition on September 8, 1966, when Republic Act No. 4864, otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, was enacted.

The State shall establish and maintain an Integrated National Police whose organization, administration and operation shall be provided by law.

This is one of the responsibilities of the police. It is being more and more clearly realized that a constructive approach to the crime problem must get to its roots or causes of criminality – the factors of the community life which create criminal tendencies and lead a person or group of persons to indulge in an anti-social behavior.

This is a function more firmly embedded in police practice. Adequate patrol plus continuous effort toward eliminating or reducing criminal tendencies is stressed as a means of reducing the opportunities for criminal activity.

Quick apprehensions and certain punishment discourage the would-be offender by taking the consequence of crime less pleasant. In addition to its repressive influences, apprehension enables society to punish offenders, prevents a repetition of their offense by restraining their movements, and provides an opportunity for their rehabilitation.

This is an activity intended to reduce the money cost of crime, as well as to restrain those who, though not active criminals, might benefit from gains of crime.

Many police activities are concerned only incidentally with criminal behavior. Their main purpose is regulation and apprehension and punishment of offenders as a means of securing obedience.

This involves many service-related activities co-terminus to basic police duties, such as for instance, the operation of detention facilities, search and rescue operations and licensing.

This theory policeman are considered as servant of the higher authorities, and the people have little or no share at all in their duties, nor any direct connection with them. This theory prevails among the continental countries like; France, Italy, Spain, where government structure follows the centralized pattern.

Policemen are considered as servants of the community, who depend for the effectiveness of their function upon the express wishes of the people. In this theory, policemen are civil employees whose primary duty is the preservation of the public peace and security. This is practiced in England and in the United States of America, where the government structure is decentralized pattern.

The old concept of police service looked upon the police as merely a repressive machinery. This old philosophy means throwing more people in jail rather than keeping them out of jail. Under this concept, punishment is the sole instrument of crime control. The yardstick of efficiency of the police is more arrest.

The modern concept of police service considers the police as an organ of crime prevention. Police service today has broadened its activities to include certain aspect of social services, and has for its objectives the welfare of the individual as well as that of society. Under this philosophy, the yardstick of efficiency of the police is the absence of crime.

It is the origin of the term “police” derived, which means condition of the state, government and administration.

This was a body of Rural Police organized in each town and established by Royal Decree of January 8, 1836. This Decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this police organization for three (3) year’s tour of duty.