Allow scientists to examine specimens in more detail, whether the specimen is a biological sample, a plant, or a crystal structure.

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It cannot be easily recognized unless you will manipulate something to see finer details of such object of study.

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means of viewing

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of minute size

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What are the two parameters in microscopy?

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The measure for the ability to tell two points apart. It describes whether two adjoining points can still be perceived as separate.

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Refers to the distance from the cover glass to the nearest point of the objective.

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is the product of V_objective x V_ocular

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Refers to the distance between the upper and lower limits of sharpness in the image formed by an optical system.

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Is the sine of half the angle of the cone of light from each point of the object that can be accepted by the objective multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium in which the object is immersed.

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The actual size of the field of view in mm on the object surface

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This is a number that represents the diameter in mm of the image of the field diaphragm that is formed by the lens in front of it.

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the function of a two-lens system.

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It is found in the eyepiece.

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It is situated in a revolving nose-piece.

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It separates the ocular lens and objective lens.

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It does not describe the quality of the image.

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drawing size / actual size.

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It is one of the main branches of Biology (science of life) that focuses on the systematic and scientific study of plants.

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Are important in balancing nature and in keeping human lives.

(a)  

plants the possess (a)   , manufacture their own food and generates oxygen.

Has many branches but the two most common subjects are: Botany and Zoology. – A natural science.

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A British naturalist proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection.

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the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share common ancestors.

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What are the 3 key observations of Darwin's concept of natural selection?

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Study structure and function of important biological molecule like proteins and nucleic acid.

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Plant heredity & variation.

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structure, function & life processes of plants

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study of chemical interactions within plant.

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evolutionary relationship among different plant group.

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processes (i.e. photosynthesis & mineral nutrition)

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plants with commercial importance.

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plant cell & tissues

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deals with forest conservation & forest.

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structure, function & life processes of plants

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ornamental plants and fruits & vegetable crops

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a sub discipline of systematics; deals with description, naming & classification of plants.

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plant heredity & variation.

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study of field crops & soils.

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study of interrelationship among plants and between plants & their environment.

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study of mosses & similar plants.

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study of the biology & the evolution of plants in the geologic past.

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(Papaver somniferum L., Papaveraceae), which was first identified by Friedrich Wilhelm Sertürner of Germany 1804 and chemically characterized in 1817 as an alkaloid.

(a)  

(Salix spp., Salicaceae), was first isolated by Johannes Buchner in Germany. It was derivatized first (in 1838) by Rafaele Pirea (France) to yield salicylic acid, and later (1899) by the Bayer company, to yield acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin.

(a)  

a remedy is foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), reportedly used by an English housewife to treat dropsy, and then more systematically by the physician William Withering (1741–1799).

(a)  

He is known today for his identification of the cellular structure of plants.

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It was the first important work on microscopy, the study of minute objects through a microscope

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Are considered to be the founders of the study of plant anatomy, for they examined in detail the structure and development of many plants.

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He is from Italy that discovered various tissues in stems and roots.

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A Flemish physician and chemist, who was the first to demonstrate that plants do not have the same nutritional needs as animals.

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He discovered accidentally that gases play a role in photosynthesis.

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Plants absorb water as a result of what we now know as

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The Swedish botanist, owed for the present system of naming and classifying plants and animals by using generic name (genus) and a specific name (species).

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US botanist, in 1895 he coined the term "ethnobotany".

(a)  

In 1735, Carolus Linnaeus published (a)   that organized all plants and animals from the level of kingdoms all the way down to species.

In 1753 publication, (a)   , marked the initial use of the nomenclature for all flowering plants and ferns.

In 1866, a German scientist, Ernst Haeckel coined the word

(a)  

1st Century BCE. A Greek scholar, Pedanius Dioscorides published 5 volumes of a book entitled “De Materia Medica” in 78 AD, which described more than 600 medicinal plants with their collection, storage and uses.

(a)  

Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica or the Shen-nung pen-tsao ching, which provides the earliest treatise of Chinese medicine theory classical sources on Chinese traditional medicine including 365 drugs, most of botanical origin.

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Graeco-Roman medical doctor who summarized the complex body of Graeco-Roman pharmacy and medicine

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He identified aloe, belladonna, colchicum, ergot, hyoscyamus, and opium.

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Claudius Galen's name survived in the pharmaceutical term

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His Classic of Internal Medicine is important in understanding the basic ideas of traditional Chinese herbal science, acupuncture, moxibustion Yin and Yang, the Five Phases of Evolutive.

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He is believed to have introduced the technique of acupuncture.

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German toxicologist first to study psychoactive plants systematically

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Performed classic experiments with pea plants.

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He is often referred to as the "father of phytogeography". He advocated a quantitative approach to phytogeography that has characterized modern plant geography.

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Refers to the process where the members of a population become better suited to some feature of their environment through change in a characteristic that affects their survival or reproduction.

(a)  

which means “to fit”

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very dry and often hot. some plants called succulents and plants that have no leaves or small adapt in this environment

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Rain is plentiful, temperature varies from hot in the summer to below freezing in winter. Wildflowers grow on forest floor early in the spring before trees leaf-out and shade the forest floor. Trees have thick bark to protect against cold winters.

(a)  

Large evergreen trees, some reaching 300 feet in height, are the dominant plant species. Receives a lot of precipitation, Condensation from coastal fogs also add to the dampness.

(a)  

Also known as boreal forests, many trees have needle-like leaves which shape loses less water and sheds snow more easily than broad leaves. Some parts of the taiga have a permanently frozen sub layer of soil called permafrost.

(a)  

Underwater leaves and stems are flexible to move with water currents, submerged plants lack strong water transport system (in stems); instead water, nutrients, and dissolved gases are absorbed through the leaves directly from the water

(a)  

Has long days during the growing season, sometimes with 24 hours of daylight, and long nights during the winter. Plants are dark in color—some are even red—this helps them absorb solar heat. Some plants are covered with hair which helps keep them warm.

(a)  

Water-loving plants, may grow entirely or partly submerged, floating on the water surface, or with their roots anchored to the ground in swamps or beside bodies of water. ex. gabi/taro, rice, water lily, lotus

(a)  

chalk-loving plants and acid-escaping plants, those that prefer calcareous or alkaline soils or soils with pH above 7.0. ex. alfalfa, blazing star

(a)  

a plant which needs very little water. ex. pineapple, variety of cacti

(a)  

air plants and tree dwellers. They grow above ground on another plant but they are not parasitic. They usually need the host only for physical support, deriving their nutrition from the air. ex. family Bromeliaceae including the ornamental bromyliads, and other orchid and fern families, strangler fig.

(a)  

chalk-escaping, lime-hating, acidophilous, acid-loving, and acid soil plants. Those that prefer acidic soils or soils having pH levels below 7.0 but do not tolerate alkaline (basic) or calcareous soils. ex. rhododendrons and azaleas

(a)