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Unit 2b - Cell Transport & Osmosis & Enzymes

Total questions: 236

Worksheet time: 3hrs 4mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A person would never have pure water put into their veins in a hospital because their cells would...

a)

Shrink/Dehydrate

b)

Expand

c)

Stay the same

2.

If there is 5 percent water inside a cell and 5 percent water outside a cell

a)

more water will move inside the cell

b)

more water will move outside the cell

c)

There will be no net movement of water, it moves into and out of the cell at the same time.

3.
An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Shrink
b)
Swell
c)
Stay the same
4.
The picture is an example of...
a)
active tranport
b)
passive transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
5.
Which way is the water moving in this cell?
a)
Water will move out of the cell
b)
Water will move into the cell
6.
Allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and doesn't allow others.
a)
protein
b)
semi-permeable membrane
c)
isotonic
d)
homeostasis
7.
Particles are too large to enter the membrane.
Need help from channel proteins. No energy required.
a)
active transport
b)
passive transport
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
osmosis
8.
Engulfs large molecules and moves them inside the membrane.
Uses energy.
a)
exocytosis
b)
endocytosis
c)
protein channel 
d)
diffusion
9.
A cell in an isotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
10.
Particles move from high concentrations to low concentrations.
Doesn't need energy
a)
passive transport
b)
facilitated transport
c)
active transport
d)
exocytosis
11.

Which process occurs by osmosis?

a)

A. plant roots absorbing mineral ions from the soil

b)

B. plant roots absorbing water from the soil

c)

C. the small intestine absorbing fatty acids into the blood

d)

D. the small intestine absorbing glucose into the blood

12.
What is the function of the cell membrane, in ALL living organisms?
a)
Provides support and structure in the cell.
b)
Synthesizes protein for ATP for the cell.
c)
Storage of raw materials (food) and ATP for the cell. 
d)
Regulates the transport of materials into and out of the cell. 
13.
What type of transport is occurring in Part C of the diagram shown?
a)
Active Transport
b)
Osmosis
c)
Facilitated Diffusion
d)
Diffusion
14.
All living things want to remain in...
a)
chaos
b)
homeostasis
c)
limbo
d)
plasmolysis
15.
Humans shiver when they are cold to maintain
a)
cytolysis
b)
turgor pressure
c)
limbo
d)
homeostasis
16.
This is a ____.
a)
Golgi body
b)
plasma membrane
c)
lysosome
d)
cell wall
17.
Why will a plant die if you water it with a salt water?
a)
hypotonic solution
b)
hypertonic solution
c)
isotonic solution
d)
silly solution
18.
Water has diffused ___________ of this cell.
a)
into 
b)
in and out of
c)
out of
19.
If the sodium concentration inside a cell is greater than outside the cell, how can a cell take in more sodium?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
passive transport
20.
Which is an example of how humans maintain homeostasis in bad environmental conditions?
a)
sweating in the heat
b)
shivering in the heat
c)
digesting amino acids
d)
regulating glucose levels
21.
Which process involves the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Active transport
c)
osmosis
d)
phagocytosis
22.
if you put a plant in salt water it will ...
a)
swell because water diffuses into the cells
b)
swell because water diffuses out of the cell
c)
shrivel because water diffuses out of the cell
23.
Two different solutions are separated by a membrane permeable only to water. How will molecules move?
a)
solutes will move by dissolving
b)
water will move by active transport
c)
solutes will move by osmosis
d)
water will move by osmosis
24.
Your gums are swollen. How will rinsing with warm salt water help the swelling?
a)
swollen gums will absorb the salt
b)
salt lowers the temp
c)
salt goes against the concentration gradient
d)
water in the gums has diffused out of the cells
25.
Osmosis is a form of ______________. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
26.
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
27.
What is it called when molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a carrier protein?
a)
Diffusion
b)
Osmosis
c)
Active Transport
d)
Facilitated Diffusion
28.
This picture represents what type of cell transport?
a)
endocytosis
b)
exocytosis
c)
osmosis
d)
passive transport
29.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
30.
Which is true about active transport?
a)
It requires energy
b)
it does not require energy
c)
It moves substances down the concentration gradient
d)
it moves material from high to low concentration
31.
This cell organelle helps organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells.
a)
vacuole
b)
nucleus
c)
cell membrane
d)
cell wall
32.
The cell below is in a _________ solution.
a)
Hypotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Isotonic
33.
The cell below is in a _____________ solution.
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
34.
A cell in an isotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
35.
When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution water
a)
moves from the inside of the cell to the solution
b)
moves from the solution to the inside of the cell
c)
moves equally in and out of the cell
d)
none of these
36.
A cell will __________________ in a hypotonic solution.
a)
swell and perhaps burst (lyse)
b)
shrink
c)
the size of the cell will not change
d)
the size of the cell will change from large to small and from small to large
37.
Active transport requires _____ to move materials across the cell membrane.
a)
proteins
b)
sunlight
c)
oxygen
d)
energy
38.
Cells use energy to move materials across a membrane (low to high concentration).
a)
Active transport
b)
Passive transport
c)
Diffusion
d)
Osmosis
39.
Cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it (for large particles)
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Permeable
d)
In high concentration
40.
Particles are removed from a cell (pushed out).
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Permeable
d)
In high concentration
41.
Something is ___________ ____________
when some molecules can cross the membrane while others cannot. 
a)
Selectively (or Semi) Permeable 
b)
Totally Transparent
c)
Liquid Licorice 
d)
Heavily Patrolled 
42.
The amount of particles in a given space.
a)
diffusion
b)
concentration
c)
permeable
d)
active transport
43.
When the concentration of particles inside of a cell is the same as the concentration of particles outside of the cell. 
a)
active transport
b)
concentration
c)
diffusion
d)
equilibrium
44.
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
a)
Osmosis
b)
Respiration
c)
Diffusion
d)
Active Transport
45.
Which of the following is an example of osmosis?
a)
Oxygen exiting leaves after photosynthesis
b)
A raisin swelling in a cup of water
c)
Water changing from a liquid to a gas
d)
Oxygen moving into an animal cell
46.
A cell membrane has pores that allow certain materials to pass through. This is a type of cell membrane.
a)
Permeable
b)
In high concentration
c)
At equilibrium
d)
In low concentration
47.

What are the two types of cell transport?

a)

Passive and Active

b)

Active and Facilitated

c)

Passive and Facilitated

d)

None of the above

48.

In passive transport, substances move across the cell membrane ________ the concentration gradient

a)

AGAINST

b)

ALONG

c)

WITH

d)

BETWEEN

49.

Which example describes diffusion?

a)

Water moving across a semi-permeable membrane

b)

Baking cookies and smelling them throughout the house

c)

Ions moving through an ion channel

d)

All of the above

50.

What macromolecule is embedded into the lipid bilayer and helps to transport molecules?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

51.

Which describes a hypotonic environment?

a)

Too much water in the cell will cause the cell to burst - the percentage of water is higher outside the cell than inside the cell

b)

Too little water in the cell will cause the cell to shrink - the percentage of water is lower outside the cell than inside the cell

c)

Concentrations of water are equal inside and outside the cell

52.

Which describes a hypertonic environment?

a)

Too much water in the cell will cause the cell to burst - the percentage of water is higher outside the cell than inside the cell

b)

Too little water in the cell will cause the cell to shrink - the percentage of water is lower outside the cell than inside the cell

c)

Concentrations of water are equal inside and outside the cell

53.

Which describes an isotonic environment?

a)

Too much water in the cell will cause the cell to burst - the percentage of water is higher outside the cell than inside the cell

b)

Too little water in the cell will cause the cell to shrink - the percentage of water is lower outside the cell than inside the cell

c)

Concentrations of water are equal inside and outside the cell

54.

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

a)

active transport

b)

osmosis

c)

diffusion

d)

random movement

55.

When material passes into and out of a cell at equal rates and there is no difference in concentration between the inside and outside of the cell, the cell is in a state of...

a)

dynamic equilibrium

b)

diffusion

c)

osmosis

d)

active transport

56.

If a cell is placed in an environment with MORE oxygen OUTSIDE the cell than inside, the cell will...

a)

gain oxygen

b)

lose oxygen

c)

gain water

d)

lose water

57.

The movement of materials that requires energy is called...

a)

active transport

b)

passive transport

c)

massive transport

d)

proactive transport

58.

The movement of materials from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration would require...

a)

glucose

b)

energy (ATP)

c)

fish

d)

chips

59.

A process in which cells surround and engulf substances that are TOO BIG to enter the cell is known as...

a)

Pinocytosis

b)

Phagocytosis

c)

Endocytosis

d)

Receptor-mediated

60.

When a cell forms a vesicle around unwanted particles and expels it OUT of the cell.

a)

Pinocytosis

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Receptor-mediated

d)

Exocytosis

61.

When a cell forms a vesicle around unwanted particles and expels it OUT of the cell.

a)

Pinocytosis

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Receptor-mediated

d)

Exocytosis

62.
Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
a)
passive transport by diffusion
b)
active transport using ATP 
c)
passive transport by osmosis
d)
 osmosis
63.
 Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane? 
a)
simple osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
simple diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
64.
Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration. How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane?
a)
active transport
b)
passive transport
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
co-transport
65.
 In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
 mitochondrion
d)
nucleus
66.
The diagram below represents a cell and some molecules in its environment. Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to be brought into the cell?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
67.
During diffusion molecules tend to move 
a)
   up the concentration gradient
b)
 from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
c)
 in a direction that doesn’t depend on concentration
d)
 down the concentration gradient
68.
What does “high concentration area” mean?
a)
Spread out
b)
Tightly packed together
c)
Uncrowded
d)
Spacious
69.
Which diagram best shows the end result of diffusion?
a)
F
b)
G
c)
H
d)
J
70.

Why are diffusion and osmosis important to cells?

a)

It allows them to take in materials/substances without using energy.

b)

It allows them to reproduce.

c)

It allows them to absorb sunlight.

d)

It allows cells to use all energy.

71.
Which way will the water molecules move during osmosis?
a)
Out of the cell, so the cell shrinks.
b)
Out of the cell, so the cell swells.
c)
Into the cell, so the cell shrinks.
d)
Into the cell, so the cell swells.
72.

When the smell of perfume spreads throughout a room, it is an example of ....

a)

passive transport

b)

diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

osmosis

73.
Solutes move against the concentration gradient, therefore energy is needed. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
74.

to pump a solute across a membrane against its gradient requires work; the cell must expend energy

a)

active transport

b)

passive transport

c)

osmosis

d)

gated channels

75.

Which statement is correct? (choose 2)

a)

In passive transport; particles move against the concentration gradient

b)

In passive transport; particles move up the concentration gradient

c)

In passive transport; particles move with the concentration gradient

d)

In passive transport; particles move down the concentration gradient

76.
Solutes move against the concentration gradient, therefore energy is needed. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
77.
Compare the concentrations of the sugar in the cell and the solution.  Which is HYPOTONIC?
a)
Cell
b)
Solution
78.
Which direction will the dots (solute) move without the use of energy?
a)
into the cell
b)
out of the cell
79.
Facilitated diffusion is the movement of materials into and out of the cell
a)
with the use of energy
b)
with the use of proteins but no energy
c)
by moving water
d)
by using ATP
80.
The diagram represents a specialized cell located in the root of a plant. The arrows in the diagram indicate the movement of molecules of oxygen and water into the cell.
Which choice correctly identifies the process responsible for the movement of each type of molecule represented in the diagram?
a)
Water = diffusion
Oxygen = active transport
b)
Water = diffusion
Oxygen = diffusion
c)
Water = active transport
Oxygen = active transport
d)
Water = active transport
Oxygen = diffusion
81.
Which form of transport is being shown in the diagram.
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
active transport
82.
The water level increases on the right because
a)
there are less particles on the right
b)
there are more particles on the right
c)
the right side is hypotonic
d)
the right side is isotonic
83.

Which CELL contains MORE particles than are found in the surrounding solution?

a)

Left

b)

Center

c)

Right

84.
When plant cells lose water to their environment the membrane collapses.  This is called
a)
reverse osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
plasmolysis
d)
selectively permeability
85.
In this situation, where the solute is illustrated by red dots, predict if will WATER move into or out of the cell, and how that will affect the cell.
a)
Water will move into the cell and the cell will expand.
b)
Water will move into the cell and the cell will shrink.
c)
Water will move out of the cell and the cell will expand.
d)
Water will move out of the cell and the cell will shrink.
86.

Examine the diagram and determine, based on the concentrations of salt, if salt will move into or out of the cell.

a)

INTO

b)

OUT OF

87.
What factor DOES NOT influence whether or not a substance can pass through a membrane?
a)
size
b)
charge
c)
number of atoms
d)
shape
88.

Which is NOT a function of the membrane?

a)

it forms a selective barrier

b)

it has receptors for chemical messages

c)

it is the control center of the cell

d)

it is involved in self recognition

89.

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means

a)

anything can pass in and out

b)

the membrane regulates the passage of the material in and out of the cell

c)

glucose cannot enter the cell

d)

cholesterol cannot enter

90.

Membrane phospholipids

a)

have hydrophobic heads that face the center of the membrane and are shielded from water

b)

have hydrophilic tails that face outward

c)

remain fluid because they are tightly packed

d)

none of these

91.

Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing the membrane by diffusing through the bilayer?

a)

water

b)

oxygen

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

a sodium ion

92.

The fluid mosaic model describes a membrane consisting of

a)

a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

b)

2 layers of phospholipids with proteins in between

c)

individual proteins and phospholipids that can drift

d)

both a and c

93.

Which structure is the hydrophilic polar head of the phospholipid molecule?

a)

F

b)

D

c)

C

d)

A1

94.

Which structure is the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipid molecule?

a)

E

b)

B

c)

G

d)

A2

95.

The majority of the plasma membrane is composed of ______.

a)

phospholipids

b)

proteins

c)

carbohydrates

d)

cholesterol

96.

What property does the phospholipid bilayer give to a plasma membrane?

a)

provides the barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

b)

communicates between cells

c)

conducts electrical impulses in nerve cells

d)

allows cells to bind to each other

97.

Which type of biological macromolecule is the main component of the plasma membrane?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

98.

This image is an example of a phospholipid. Which part of a phospholipid is HYDROPHOBIC?

a)

the phosphate "head"

b)

the lipid "tails"

99.

This image is an example of a phospholipid. Which part of a phospholipid is HYDROPHILIC?

a)

the phosphate "head"

b)

the lipid "tails"

100.

Where can PROTEINS be found when part of a plasma membrane?

a)

On the outside of the membrane

b)

On the inside of the membrane

c)

Embedded part of the way into the membrane

d)

Embedded the whole way through the membrane

e)

All of the above

101.

What is the "big idea" of the fluid mosaic model of plasma membranes?

a)

the plasma membrane creates a specialized FLUID that looks like a MOSAIC.

b)

the plasma membrane is a MOSAIC.

c)

the fluid mosaic model is NOT related to the plasma membrane.

d)

a plasma membrane is a MOSAIC of components that move FREELY and FLUIDLY.

102.

What does "hydrophobic" mean?

a)

water loving, associates with water

b)

water fearing, does not associate with water

c)

a world war II submarine

d)

an example would be solutes like sugar or salt

103.

What does "hydrophilic" mean?

a)

water loving, associates with water

b)

water fearing, does not associate with water

c)

a world war II submarine

d)

an example would be solutes like oil or fat

104.

Which are example is hydrophobic in nature.

a)

Oil

b)

Sugar

c)

Salt

d)

Water

105.

Hydrophilic

a)

G

b)

I

c)

E

d)

F

106.

Hydrophobic

a)

G

b)

I

c)

E

d)

F

107.

Active transport

a)

A

b)

B

c)

E

d)

F

108.

Channel Protein

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

109.

Carrier Protein

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

110.

Membrane Protein

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

111.

Phospholipid Bilayer

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

112.

Lipid tails

a)

E

b)

F

c)

G

d)

I

113.

Phosphate head

a)

E

b)

F

c)

G

d)

I

114.

In an isotonic solution which way will the water flow

a)

it will not flow at all

b)

it will flow into the cell

c)

it will flow both ways at equal rates

d)

out of the cell

115.

Which Type of solution is the middle cell placed in?

a)

Hypertonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Isotonic

d)

Robotonic

116.

Which molecule is in equilibrium? How can you tell?

a)

Molecule A; equal amounts inside and outside

b)

Molecule B; passive movement into the cell

c)

Molecule C; equal amounts inside and outside

d)

Molecule C; all molecules are inside the cell

117.
In this picture, which way will the water move?
a)
Water will move into the cell
b)
Water will move out of the cell
c)
Water will move in and out of the cell
d)
Water will not move
118.
In this picture, how do you classify the solution?
a)
The solution is hypotonic
b)
The solution is hypertonic
c)
The solution is isotonic
d)
The solution is my tonic
119.
Why do your fingers Prune when in the water for a long time?
a)
Carbon goes out
b)
Diffusion
c)
Osmosis
d)
Magic
120.
A cell started out with 60 g of mass. Then, when put in a solution, it decreased in mass to 40 g. What happened in this experiment?
a)
Water moved out of the cell
b)
Water moved into the cell
c)
Water moved in and out of the cell at the same rate
d)
The water did not move
121.

The concentration of red molecules outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell. The red molecules cannot penetrate the cell. What will happen to the cell?

a)

Water will leave the cell, and the cell will shrink.

b)

Water will enter the cell, and the cell will expand.

122.
What protects carrot cells from swelling too much when it rains?
a)
They don't swell because rain is absorbed by the roots.
b)
They have pores in their cell membranes that keep them from swelling.
c)
The rain water is hypertonic to the cells so the cells lose water.
d)
They have cell walls that keep them from swelling too much.
123.

This egg has shrunk, what type of solution was it placed in?

a)

hypotonic solution

b)

hypertonic solution

c)

isotonic solution

124.

Nemo and other ocean dwelling fish cannot survive in freshwater because......

a)

freshwater is hypertonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water leaving them causing the cells to shrink

b)

freshwater is hypotonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water leaving them causing the cells to shrink

c)

freshwater is hypertonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water entering them causing the cells to swell and burst

d)

freshwater is hypotonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water enter them causing the cells to swell and burst

125.

Elodea is a freshwater plant. When it is placed in saltwater what will happen to its cells?

a)

They will become turgid because water is entering the cell, making them firm

b)

They will become flaccid because water is entering and leaving the cell at equal rates, making them a little soft

c)

They will be plasmolyzed because water is leaving the cell, making them shrink significantly

126.

After examining this diagram showing the concentration of water inside and outside of the cell, identify the tonicity of the solution.

a)

hypertonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

isotonic

127.

After examining this diagram showing the concentration of water inside and outside of the cell, identify the tonicity of the solution.

a)

isotonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

hypertonic

128.

Movement of SOLUTE through the cell membrane from high to low concentration is called.....

a)

diffusion

b)

active transport

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

osmosis

129.

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

a)

Active is high to low; Passive is low to high

b)

Active uses no cell energy; Passive uses cell energy

c)

Passive is high to low and uses no energy; Active uses energy and is low to high

d)

Passive uses no cell energy

130.
The salt in the glass of saltwater is considered the
a)
solvent
b)
solution 
c)
pepper
d)
solute
131.

If the semipermeable membrane allows the green chemical to pass through it freely, where will the green chemical move?

a)

right to left

b)

left to right

c)

up and down

132.

The membrane does not allow the green molecules to pass through it. What will happen next?

a)

Water will flow into side A.

b)

Water will flow into side B.

c)

Water will stay still.

133.
What are three types of passive transport
a)
Transport proteins, Endocytosis, Exocytosis
b)
None of the ones listed
c)
Osmosis, Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion 
d)
Touchdown, interception, football
134.
Which form of active transport is being shown?
a)
Facilitated Diffusion
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Protein Pumps
135.
Which is NOT a form of active transport?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Osmosis
c)
Exocytosis
d)
Pinocytosis
136.
When cells form a vesicle to take in materials, which form of transport is occurring? 
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Facilitated Diffusion
d)
Osmosis
137.
What are 3 types of active transport?
a)
Riding a bike, Running through the mountains, walking on the beach
b)
Osmosis, Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion
c)
Sodium/potassium Pump, Endocytosis, Exocytosis
d)
Throwing a ball, Playing tennis, driving a car
138.
The sodium potassium pump usually pumps
a)
potassium out of the cell 
b)
sodium out of the cell 
c)
sodium into the cell 
d)
both potassium and sodium into the cell 
139.
The sodium-potassium pump usually pumps
a)
only potassium ions and sugar molecules
b)
potassium ions out of the cell
c)
sodium ions into the cell
d)
 potassium ions into the cell
140.
Which ions are involved in an action potential?
a)
Na; Cl
b)
Na; K
c)
K; Cl
d)
Na; Ca
141.

When is the potassium channel open?

a)

during rest only

b)

during repolarization only

c)

during depolarization only

d)

all the time

142.
This reaction shows a(n) ____________ reaction
a)
Catabolic
b)
Anabolic
c)
Dehydration Synthesis
d)
Halogenation
143.
The area that the substrate fits into on the enzyme is called the:
a)
Active Site
b)
Allosteric Site
c)
DiSulphide Bridge
d)
β-Pleated Sheet
144.
The current model of enzyme action is referred to as the:
a)
Induced Fit Model
b)
Lock & Key Model
c)
Singer-Nicolson Model
d)
Davson-Danielli Model
145.
Enzymes catalyze reactions by ___________ Activation Energy.
a)
Increasing
b)
Decreasing
146.
Enzymes speed up reaction rates by changing:
a)
Activation Energy
b)
pH
c)
Hydrogen Bonds
d)
Kinetic Energy
147.
At high temperatures enzyme activity declines because of:
a)
Denaturation
b)
Decreased Kinetic Motion
c)
Increased H-Bonding
d)
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
148.
At low temperatures enzyme activity declines because of:
a)
Denaturation
b)
Decreased Kinetic Motion
c)
Increased H-Bonding
d)
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
149.
Most enzymes have the ending:
a)
-ase
b)
-ose
c)
-ic acid
d)
-ate
150.
The molecule an enzyme is working on is called the:
a)
Substrate
b)
Solvent
c)
Allosteric Inhibitor
d)
CoEnzyme
151.

An enzyme that changes glucose and fructose into sucrose would be a(n):

a)

example of an enzyme that adds substrates together (Synthesis)

b)

example of an enzyme that breaks down a substrate

152.

Which explanation best fits the graph for pH's effect on an enzyme?

a)

As the pH gets closer to neutral the enzyme starts to denature

b)

Extreme pH numbers distort the active site

c)

There are more collisions between substrates and active sites near the optimal pH

d)

Low pHs cause more H-bonds to happen near the active site

153.

Which of the following is an enzyme?

a)

Kinase

b)

Glucose

c)

Glycerol

d)

Amino Acids

154.
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
155.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
156.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
157.
In the diagram, what is letter A? 
a)
product
b)
substrate
c)
enzyme-substrate complex
d)
active site
158.
Enzymes are...
a)
nucleic acids
b)
proteins
c)
lipids
d)
carbohydrates
159.
What is the function of an enzyme?
a)
enzymes break themselves into small pieces
b)
enzymes slow down chemical reactions
c)
enzymes speed up chemical reactions
d)
enzymes combine products to form reactants 
160.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered denature
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
161.
Enzymes speed up reaction rates by changing...
a)
Activation Energy
b)
pH
c)
Hydrogen Bonds
d)
Kinetic Energy
162.
Letter D...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
163.
Letter B...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
164.
Letter C...
a)
active site
b)
enzymes
c)
substrate
d)
products
165.
Letter E...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
166.

Enzymes are an example of

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

167.

What is the purpose of an enzyme?

a)

give a place for the reaction to occur

b)

raise activation energy

c)

lower the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

d)

control how many reactions occur

168.
Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction within a living cell.  Enzymes accomplish this through which of the following means?
a)
reducing the number of products   
b)
reducing the activation energy
c)
increasing the temperature of the cell
d)
increasing the concentration of reactants 
169.
Each enzyme only has 1 substrate that will fit its active site.  What is this called?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
170.
What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
171.
Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?
a)
Coenzyme
b)
Substrate
c)
Vitamin
d)
Polypeptide
172.
After the enzyme and substrate bind together and perform the reaction, what does the substrate become?
a)
a substrate
b)
an enzyme
c)
a product
d)
an active site
173.

A chemical reaction results in _______________ being made.

a)

Products

b)

Molecules

c)

Reactants

d)

Substances

174.

In a chemical reaction, bonds are broken and new bonds are formed that create new substances. An enzyme that breaks down a substrate will be breaking the bonds in the ________________.

a)

Reactants

b)

Products

c)

Atoms

d)

Catalysts

175.
Enzymes provide a site where reactants called substrates can be brought together in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The site is called the
a)
enzyme substrate complex.
b)
reaction site.
c)
active site.
d)
lock and key.
176.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a)
lowering the activation energy.
b)
raising the activation energy.
c)
releasing energy.
d)
absorbing energy.
177.
Each enzyme only has 1 substrate that will fit its active site.  What is this called?
a)
reusablility
b)
denaturation
c)
specificity
d)
fragility
178.
An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.  True or False? 
a)
true
b)
false
179.
Which of these is most likely an enzyme?  
a)
Sucrose
b)
Galactose
c)
Fructose
d)
Amylase
180.

Which of the following do not affect enzymes ability to function?

a)

pH

b)

substrate concentration

c)

temperature

d)

water

181.

In general, enzymes do NOT:

a)

bind permanently to their substrates

b)

have names ending in -ase

c)

have their function changed with extremely high temperatures

d)

react with a specific substrate

182.

Enzymes are found in

a)

our cells

b)

animals

c)

plants

d)

all of the options are correct

183.

Enzyme function depends on which of the following conditions? Check all that apply!

a)

temperature

b)

water

c)

diffusion

d)

pH

184.

Enzymes are specific for a specific substrate.

a)

True

b)

False

185.

If an enzyme is denatured it means it

a)

works

b)

does not work

186.

If the temperature of the environment is not correct the enzyme may not work.

a)

True

b)

False

187.

Enzymes work best at a specific pH.

a)

True

b)

False

188.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
189.

Which best identifies the result of a change in an enzyme amino acid sequence?

a)

The 3D shape of the protein will be unaffected.

b)

The 3D shape of the protein will be somewhat affected.

c)

The 3D shape of the protein will be distorted but still catalyze

reactions.

d)

The 3D shape of the protein will be distorted and not catalyze the intended reaction.

190.

Why are enzymes considered reusable?

a)

Enzymes are made of unusually strong materials.

b)

Enzymes are constantly renewed by other enzymes.

c)

Enzymes are constantly regenerated by respiration.

d)

Enzymes are not changed when they catalyze a chemical reaction.

191.

An enzyme is located in the small intestine, which has a pH between 7 and 9.


Based on this information, which statement is most accurate?

a)

The enzyme is a lipid and requires an acidic environment.

b)

The enzyme is a protein and requires a basic environment.

c)

The enzyme is a carbohydrate and requires an acidic environment.

d)

The enzyme is a protein and requires an acidic to basic environment.

192.

Which will most likely occur if there is a significant change in the temperature or pH of an enzyme?

a)

The enzyme will become one of the products.

b)

The enzyme will be unable to catalyze the reaction.

c)

The enzyme will change the products of the reaction.

d)

The enzyme will cause the rate of reaction to increase.

193.

The enzyme amylase can digest carbohydrates, but it cannot digest proteins.


Which explains the effect of amylase on the digestion of carbohydrates compared to proteins?

a)

Amylase is a protein, so it is restricted to acting on non-protein

molecules such as carbohydrates.

b)

Amylase can digest carbohydrates because it is an enzyme, but

proteins cannot be digested by enzymes.

c)

Amylase can digest carbohydrates because carbohydrates, unlike proteins, are excellent sources of cellular energy.

d)

Amylase lowers the activation energy required for the digestion of carbohydrates, but has no impact on the activation energy required to digest proteins.

194.

Many enzymes in the human body function best at 37°C. What is the most likely result of a great increase in body temperature?

a)

Enzymes become hormones.

b)

Enzymes become denatured.

c)

Enzymes become more active.

d)

Enzymes become more sluggish.

195.

When a student drops a piece of liver into a beaker of hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as the peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen.


However, if the student cooks the liver first, the reaction

fails to occur. What is the best explanation for these results?

a)

Boiling the liver altered the shape of the enzyme in the liver so that it could not interact with the peroxide.

b)

Heating the liver killed the germs that caused the bubbling reaction.

c)

Lower temperatures result in a higher rate of enzyme activity.

d)

Heating the liver removed the water and oxygen from the hydrogen peroxide.

196.

Catalyze means to

a)

slow down

b)

speed up

c)

close down

d)

lower

197.

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for reactions in our cells?

a)

The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.

b)

Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.

c)

Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquid during the reactions.

d)

The reactions take up too much space in the cell if enzymes are missing.

198.

Changes in pH and temperature can ___________________ an enzyme which causes it to lose its shape and affects its function.

a)

puncture

b)

denature

c)

double

d)

delete

199.

What is the optimal pH for this enzyme?

a)

6

b)

10

c)

9

d)

7

200.

The ____________________ mechanism describes how each substrate must fit into the enzyme.

a)

lock and key

b)

hammer and nail

c)

jigsaw puzzle

d)

seesaw

201.

Once a new product leaves an enzyme, the enzyme is unchanged and ready for the next substrate. What is this called?

a)

fragile

b)

reusable

c)

specific

d)

catalyst

202.

All of the following affect the functioning of an enzyme EXCEPT:

a)

pH

b)

temperature

c)

metabolism

d)

enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, inhibitor molecules

203.

All of the following affect the functioning of an enzyme EXCEPT:

a)

pH

b)

temperature

c)

metabolism

d)

enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, inhibitor molecules

204.

A baby is locked in the car on a hot day. What is most likely to happen to the child?

a)

The child's body will adjust and cause it to maintain homeostasis

b)

The child's enzymes will denature causing chemical reactions to speed up in the body, which will lead to death.

c)

The child's enzymes will denature causing chemical reactions to slow down in the body, which will lead to death.

d)

The activation energy for chemical reactions will remain unchanged and therefore the child will live.

205.

Enzymes are _______________ that _____________________ chemical reactions by ____________ the amount of activation energy required to start the reaction.

a)

carbohydrates, slow down, lowering

b)

proteins, speed up, increasing

c)

lipids, speed up, lowering

d)

proteins, speed up, lowering

206.

What is the optimal temperature of this enzyme?

a)

60

b)

40

c)

70

d)

30

207.

Which letter represents the product?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

208.

Which enzyme represents the substrate?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

209.

Which letter represents the enzyme?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

210.
Which enzyme is most efficient in a basic solution?
a)
A
b)
B
211.
Enzymes are composed of which of the following monomers? 
a)
amino acids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
nucleotides
d)
monosaccharides
212.

Organisms living in a bog environment must be able to tolerate nitrogen-poor acidic conditions. Bog plants such as the Venus flytrap and sundew are able to obtain their nitrogen by attacking and consuming insects. These plants produce chemicals that break down the insects into usable compounds.

These chemicals present in the bog plants that break down the insects mentioned in the reading passage are most likely...

a)

hormones

b)

lipids

c)

enzymes

d)

carbohydrates

213.
What is another name for enzymes?
a)
chemical catalysts
b)
microorganisms
c)
biological catalysts
d)
inorganic catalysts
214.
When a piece of liver is dropped into hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). This rapid change in reaction rate suggests 
a)
that liver contains lots of germs
b)
 the liver contains an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide
c)
 that liver is a substrate for hydrogen peroxide
d)
that hydrogen peroxide is a powerful enzyme
215.
Enzymes will make a reaction go _______ and use ______ energy.
a)
faster, less
b)
faster, more
c)
slower, less
d)
slower, more
216.
Cells can produce over one thousand different enzymes at a time.  Enzymes are critical to the metabolism of these cells, but why are so many different enzymes needed?
a)
Cells are completely unable to control what enzymes
they produce
b)
The variety of enzymes prevents their actions from being inhibited. 
c)
The active site of an enzyme can only bind to a specific substrate.
d)
The products of a reaction are always converted into new enzymes.
217.
What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
a)
Activation energy is lowered.
b)
It becomes stronger.
c)
It loses its shape.
d)
Activation energy is raised.
218.
Which line represents an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? 
a)
Line 1
b)
Line 2
219.
Enzymes need to be manufactured often because they are used up in the chemical reactions they perform. (True / False) 
a)
True
b)
False
220.

An enzyme that aids in the synthesis of polymers from monomers is involved in a chemical reaction that is

a)

Bonding together small substrates to make large reactants.

b)

Bonding together large substrates to make small reactants.

c)

Breaking apart small substrates to make large reactants.

d)

Breaking apart large substrates to make small reactants.

221.

What is an enzyme that aids in the metabolic process of digestion doing?

a)

Bonding together small substrates to make large reactants.

b)

Bonding together large substrates to make small reactants.

c)

Breaking apart small substrates to make large reactants.

d)

Breaking apart large substrates to make small reactants.

222.

The speed at which an enzyme converts its substrate into a product is called the

a)

rate of reaction

b)

optimum enzyme reactivity

c)

activation energy

223.

Higher substrate concentrations

a)

Create a faster reaction rate

b)

Increases the amount of enzyme and substrate interactions per second

c)

Decreases the amount of enzyme and substrate interactions per second

d)

Slows the reaction rate

224.

Lower substrate concentrations

a)

Create a faster reaction rate

b)

Increases the amount of enzyme and substrate interactions per second

c)

Decreases the amount of enzyme and substrate interactions per second

d)

Slows the reaction rate

225.

What is the function (job) of an Enzyme? (Check all that Apply)

a)

Regulate the body’s activities without using too much energy.

b)

Catalyze chemical reactions in living things, many of which would never happen without an enzyme.

c)

Speed up biological metabolic processes

226.

Base your answer on the graph and on your knowledge of biology. The most likely result of mixing both enzymes with their substrates in a single test tube is that

a)

only gastric protease would be active if the pH of the mixture was basic

b)

intestinal protease would be more active than gastric protease at pH 4.

c)

both enzymes would exhibit some activity at pH 5.

d)

gastric protease would be more active than intestinal protease at pH 6

227.

Base your answer on the graph and on your knowledge of biology. Which is a true statement about the relationship between pH and enzyme action?

a)

All enzymes work best at a neutral pH.

b)

Adding more acid does not affect the rate of activity of an enzyme.

c)

Enzymes function only in a pH range of 4.0 to 5.5.

d)

The activity of an enzyme is affected by pH.

228.

Base your answer on the reactions shown in the graphic. The X in each reaction represents various

a)

energy sources

b)

final products

c)

reactants

d)

enzymes

229.

Which statement best describes the enzyme represented in the graphs?

a)

A. This enzyme works best at a temperature of 35°C and a pH of 8.

b)

This enzyme works best at a temperature of 50°C and a pH of 12.

c)

Temperature and pH have no effect on the action of this enzyme.

d)

This enzyme works best at a temperature above 50°C and a pH above 12.

230.

A process that occurs in the human body is shown in the diagram. What would happen if a temperature change caused the shape of the active site to be altered?

a)

The dipeptide would digest faster.

b)

The dipeptide would digest slower or not at all.

c)

The amino acids would combine faster.

d)

The amino acids would combine slower or not at all.

231.

The graph shows the relative rates of action of four enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which two enzymes would function in a region of the human body having a neutral pH?

a)

enzymes A and B

b)

enzymes B and C

c)

enzymes C and D

d)

enzymes B and D

232.

Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way?

a)

Enzymes are complex compounds composed of starch.

b)

Each enzyme has a characteristic shape.

c)

Enzymes are long, complex fats.

d)

Each enzyme is made up of four subunits.

233.

A colony of bacteria growing on a culture medium is successfully synthesizing an organic compound. Which procedure would be least likely to have an effect on this synthesis?

a)

adding more subunits of the organic compound to the medium

b)

lowering the pH of the medium

c)

raising the temperature of the colony from 20°C to 30°C

d)

increasing the number of hormone molecules in the colony

234.

Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they work best. Temperatures above and below this optimum will decrease enzyme activity. Which graph best illustrates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

a)
b)
c)
d)
235.

All chemical breakdown processes in cells directly involve

a)

reactions that are controlled by catalysts

b)

enzymes that are stored in mitochondria

c)

the production of catalysts in vacuoles

d)

enzymes that have the same genetic base sequence

236.

Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that interacts with meat. If meat is coated with a tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator for a short time, how would the enzyme be affected?

a)

It would be broken down.

b)

Its activity would slow down.

c)

Its shape would change.

d)

It would no longer act as an enzyme.

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FINAL EXAM REVIEW

235 questions

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

quiz

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9th - 12th Grade