This is the process of acquiring a non-native language that is spoken by the community where the learner is living.

Second language learning is different from first language acquisition because adult learners have less time for learning.

Second language learning is different from first language acquisition because children are primed by experience to seek for patterns in data.

This theory believes that second language learners need to acquire the appropriate language habits through repetition and reinforcement.

This theory believes that all cognitive development, including language, stems from interaction between individuals.

This theory suggests that second language development can be facilitated when learners attempt to communicate with other speakers in the L2, experience difficulties and engage in further interaction with their interlocutors.

This theory suggests that L2 learners needed to be exposed to a special kind of input in order to learn the target language.

This theory focused on the innate linguistic knowledge which is believed to guide all language learning.

This theory claims that L2 learning also involves a range of cognitive systems such as working memory and perceptual representations which help learners keep track of a vast array of linguistic information.