Biomimicry is an approach to design and innovation that involves transferring successful designs from nature into new design contexts.

Which of the following are phases of the product life cycle?

Which of the following are costs to consumers as a result of planned obsolescence?

Designers need to consider the whole product cycle of potential products, services and systems throughout the design cycle and beyond.

An understanding of the product life cycle allows the designer to design obsolescence in mind potentially eliminating the effect on the environment.

3D printers are an example of product in the maturity stage of the product life cycle.

Which of the following are categories of consumer?

Relative advantage refers to how improved in innovation is over the previous generation.

Complexity refers to whether an innovation is perceived as complicated or difficult for use by an individual.

Rogers' argues that innovators need to pay particular attention to consumer contexts including lifestyles, values and identity.

Categorising consumers helps designers to identify particular segments with a market.

Diffusion refers to the processes or mechanisms through which a new product or service is accepted by the market.

Adoption is closely related to diffusion but deals with the thought patterns or psychological processing that takes place in individuals within mass markets.

Which of the following are examples of market segments?

Target market refers to the characteristics of the users within each sector or segment.

Successful innovations typically start with detailed design and marketing specifications.

Market analysis is defined as an appraisal of economic viability of proposed design from a market perspective.

Which of the following methods would a designer use as part of an evaluation strategy to assess a products aesthetics?

Which of the following research methods would a designer use to understand the usability of a product?

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is a theory of psychology used to determine marketing specifications. Knowing what the target market wants and needs helps determine a selling point to influence consumer behaviour.