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To compensate, a heavy sliding grate called a portculliswould be installed to close vertically over the gateway. What followed next were heavy doors barredfrom behind with a thick wooden beam.

This became the first modern humanitarian movement, and they successfully exposed the horrendous violence in the Congo.

Tammy Hunter, a financial services professional andmother of three children, who found it very difficultto balance the demands of her career with thecommitments of parenthood

These two states have growing and prospering suburban communities—large numbers of people, in other words, which may not be able to abandon their day-to-day obligations to travel across the world but who probably need a fun weekend every few months.

After becoming aware that teens might benefit from later school start times, the Minneapolis school district performed an experiment involving the temporary adoption of a later start time for its high schools: 8:40am instead of the traditional 7:15 am.

At just sixteen, she was joined in marriage to a young man named Francis, who became King of France the following year.

When a second, more effectual flight led her to England, she was promptly imprisoned by Queen Elizabeth and remained under strict watch for eighteen years.

For a budding inventor such as myself, there are multiple advantages to organizations such as the Council, these can be found all across the UnitedStates.

A chemical plant in India has patented a chemical that when sprayed into the chimney of a coal boiler, strips up to 90% of the carbon dioxide from the emissions and redirects the carbon dioxide.

Yet it is also possible for literature, that targets young audiences, to promote entire systems of values— not simply one or two principles of conduct

Stefan Zweig's name has been showing up a lot lately. In addition to a 1 large amount of recently republished works, Wes Anderson cites Zweig as the major influence on Anderson's recent film The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014). It seems that Zweig has suddenly become 2 revelant again after nearly 75 years of obscurity. Why this sudden interest? What can he offer that our culture seems to need?

1. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would be LEAST acceptable?

Stefan Zweig's name has been showing up a lot lately. In addition to a 1 large amount of recently republished works, Wes Anderson cites Zweig as the major influence on Anderson's recent film The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014). It seems that Zweig has suddenly become 2 revelant again after nearly 75 years of obscurity. Why this sudden interest? What can he offer that our culture seems to need?

2.

Stefan Zweig was born in 1881. 3 His parents were part of the Jewish cultural elite in Vienna at the time. Stefan was afforded every possible luxury and privilege. By 1904, Zweig had earned a doctoral degree from the University of Vienna, and he formed the connections that would allow his entry into the 4 city's cultural elite. Zweig went on to publish a near infinitude of works of fiction, drama, journalism, and biography, and enjoyed a period of major celebrity in the 1920s and 1930s. 5

3. The author would like to combine the two sentences reproduced below:

His parents were part of the Jewish cultural elite in Vienna at the time. Stefan was afforded every possible luxury and privilege.

Which of the following gives the best combination of the two sentences?

Stefan Zweig was born in 1881. 3 His parents were part of the Jewish cultural elite in Vienna at the time. Stefan was afforded every possible luxury and privilege. By 1904, Zweig had earned a doctoral degree from the University of Vienna, and he formed the connections that would allow his entry into the 4 city's cultural elite. Zweig went on to publish a near infinitude of works of fiction, drama, journalism, and biography, and enjoyed a period of major celebrity in the 1920s and 1930s. 5

4.

Stefan Zweig was born in 1881. 3 His parents were part of the Jewish cultural elite in Vienna at the time. Stefan was afforded every possible luxury and privilege. By 1904, Zweig had earned a doctoral degree from the University of Vienna, and he formed the connections that would allow his entry into the 4 city's cultural elite. Zweig went on to publish a near infinitude of works of fiction, drama, journalism, and biography, and enjoyed a period of major celebrity in the 1920s and 1930s. 5

5. The writer is considering deleting the phrase "of fiction, drama, journalism, and biography" and placing a comma after the word works. Should the phrase be kept or deleted?

Still, Zweig's relationship with his homeland was always tenuous. While he did support the German side in World War I, Zweig remained a committed pacifist and participated only in the Archives of the Ministry of War. By the second war, 6 however, Zweig's pacifism was no longer looked on with such understanding. Zweig and his wife fled Nazi Germany in 1939 and spent their remaining years in the Americas. Only a few short years after their escape, Zweig and his wife took their own lives out of despair over what had become of Europe. Zweig's ancestral home, 7 which, you'll recall, was in Vienna, insisted on tearing itself apart, and Jewish men like himself were being slaughtered by the millions.

6.

Still, Zweig's relationship with his homeland was always tenuous. While he did support the German side in World War I, Zweig remained a committed pacifist and participated only in the Archives of the Ministry of War. By the second war, 6 however, Zweig's pacifism was no longer looked on with such understanding. Zweig and his wife fled Nazi Germany in 1939 and spent their remaining years in the Americas. Only a few short years after their escape, Zweig and his wife took their own lives out of despair over what had become of Europe. Zweig's ancestral home, 7 which, you'll recall, was in Vienna, insisted on tearing itself apart, and Jewish men like himself were being slaughtered by the millions.

7. Which of the following choices would best emphasize the personal stake that Zweig had in the conflict in Europe?

For many years, cultural critics saw Zweig's work as a historical curiosity. His decision to flee Europe was seen as an act of quaint pacifism, and his ultimate decision to end his own life was seen as the act of a privileged man for 8 which everyday realities were simply too much to bear. Much more popular in the post-WWII era were more traditionally "masculine" figures, who not only went to war but treated writing, painting, and filmmaking 9 like competitive sports.

8.

For many years, cultural critics saw Zweig's work as a historical curiosity. His decision to flee Europe was seen as an act of quaint pacifism, and his ultimate decision to end his own life was seen as the act of a privileged man for 8 which everyday realities were simply too much to bear. Much more popular in the post-WWII era were more traditionally "masculine" figures, who not only went to war but treated writing, painting, and filmmaking 9 like competitive sports.

9. Which of the following conclusions to this sentence would best support the idea presented at the beginning in the sentence?

Today, however, Zweig's sensibility makes a good deal more sense. Like Zweig, many of us were alive and aware before the great catastrophes of 10 his own age, and our longing for a "simpler time" is not pure nostalgia. We know that things cannot be as they once were, but we 11 have sensed the injustice in the world being so complicated, and in the power just a few people have to take it all away from us.

10.

Today, however, Zweig's sensibility makes a good deal more sense. Like Zweig, many of us were alive and aware before the great catastrophes of 10 his own age, and our longing for a "simpler time" is not pure nostalgia. We know that things cannot be as they once were, but we 11 have sensed the injustice in the world being so complicated, and in the power just a few people have to take it all away from us.

11.

Sometimes as you fall asleep, you're thinking about what to eat for breakfast the next morning. "When I get up, I'll go to the fridge. I'll have an egg, 1 a piece of toast, and a few strips of bacon while I'm making coffee." Even though you may know where your food is coming from, you plan breakfast as a way to plan the day.

1.

Our species may have been doing this kind of breakfast planning long before refrigerators, long before our species was even our species. A team of researchers recently followed groups of chimpanzees through three periods of fruit scarcity in West Africa. 2 For a chimpanzee, every day during a fruit-poor season can be like Black Friday, where all the "shoppers" want the same hot item.

2. At this point, the author wants to add a sentence that accurately summarizes the scientists' research in a way that is consistent with other information in the passage. Which sentence would most effectively achieve that goal?

3 Why does everyone freak out during Black Friday when the deals aren't even that good? If you want to be sure to get the new, say, plasma TV, what do you have to do? Camp out in front of the store! Well, that's exactly what the researchers found the chimpanzees to do with the coveted fruits. In fruit-poor seasons, 4 the nomadic chimpanzees set up their campsites within striking distance of the ripe fruits. When the fruits were 5 "_________," or quick to disappear, the female chimpanzees set up their sleeping nests more pointedly in the direction of the fruit 6 than the fruit was plentiful. Moreover, in order to ensure that the fruit supply would not be 7 gobbled by the time the chimps got there, they woke up early, often before sunrise, when the forests were still dark.

3. Which of the following would provide the best transition from the previous paragraph and introduction to this paragraph?

3 Why does everyone freak out during Black Friday when the deals aren't even that good? If you want to be sure to get the new, say, plasma TV, what do you have to do? Camp out in front of the store! Well, that's exactly what the researchers found the chimpanzees to do with the coveted fruits. In fruit-poor seasons, 4 the nomadic chimpanzees set up their campsites within striking distance of the ripe fruits. When the fruits were 5 "_________," or quick to disappear, the female chimpanzees set up their sleeping nests more pointedly in the direction of the fruit 6 than the fruit was plentiful. Moreover, in order to ensure that the fruit supply would not be 7 gobbled by the time the chimps got there, they woke up early, often before sunrise, when the forests were still dark.

4.

Why does everyone freak out during Black Friday when the deals aren't even that good? If you want to be sure to get the new, say, plasma TV, what do you have to do? Camp out in front of the store! Well, that's exactly what the researchers found the chimpanzees to do with the coveted fruits. In fruit-poor seasons, 4 the nomadic chimpanzees set up their campsites within striking distance of the ripe fruits. When the fruits were 5 "_________," or quick to disappear, the female chimpanzees set up their sleeping nests more pointedly in the direction of the fruit 6 than the fruit was plentiful. Moreover, in order to ensure that the fruit supply would not be 7 gobbled by the time the chimps got there, they woke up early, often before sunrise, when the forests were still dark.

5. Which of the following provides the most precise word given the definition that immediately follows?

3 Why does everyone freak out during Black Friday when the deals aren't even that good? If you want to be sure to get the new, say, plasma TV, what do you have to do? Camp out in front of the store! Well, that's exactly what the researchers found the chimpanzees to do with the coveted fruits. In fruit-poor seasons, 4 the nomadic chimpanzees set up their campsites within striking distance of the ripe fruits. When the fruits were 5 "_________," or quick to disappear, the female chimpanzees set up their sleeping nests more pointedly in the direction of the fruit 6 than the fruit was plentiful. Moreover, in order to ensure that the fruit supply would not be 7 gobbled by the time the chimps got there, they woke up early, often before sunrise, when the forests were still dark.

6.

3 Why does everyone freak out during Black Friday when the deals aren't even that good? If you want to be sure to get the new, say, plasma TV, what do you have to do? Camp out in front of the store! Well, that's exactly what the researchers found the chimpanzees to do with the coveted fruits. In fruit-poor seasons, 4 the nomadic chimpanzees set up their campsites within striking distance of the ripe fruits. When the fruits were 5 "_________," or quick to disappear, the female chimpanzees set up their sleeping nests more pointedly in the direction of the fruit 6 than the fruit was plentiful. Moreover, in order to ensure that the fruit supply would not be 7 gobbled by the time the chimps got there, they woke up early, often before sunrise, when the forests were still dark.

7.

The findings about the chimp 8 has led scientists to reopen a number of heated questions. The first has to do with animals' existence outside the present moment: how much do they remember, and how much do they plan? In other words, is "consciousness" really only 9 the province of humans? The other set of questions has to do with the lines of evolution. It has been firmly established that chimpanzees are our evolutionary ancestors, but now we have to wonder if we've inherited even more 10 than we thought from them initially. Have the lives of chimpanzees conditioned the small, day-to-day patterns of our own lives?

8.

The findings about the chimp 8 has led scientists to reopen a number of heated questions. The first has to do with animals' existence outside the present moment: how much do they remember, and how much do they plan? In other words, is "consciousness" really only 9 the province of humans? The other set of questions has to do with the lines of evolution. It has been firmly established that chimpanzees are our evolutionary ancestors, but now we have to wonder if we've inherited even more 10 than we thought from them initially. Have the lives of chimpanzees conditioned the small, day-to-day patterns of our own lives?

9.

The findings about the chimp 8 has led scientists to reopen a number of heated questions. The first has to do with animals' existence outside the present moment: how much do they remember, and how much do they plan? In other words, is "consciousness" really only 9 the province of humans? The other set of questions has to do with the lines of evolution. It has been firmly established that chimpanzees are our evolutionary ancestors, but now we have to wonder if we've inherited even more 10 than we thought from them initially. Have the lives of chimpanzees conditioned the small, day-to-day patterns of our own lives?

10.