Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

The basic unit of matter

Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

Macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Energy that is needed to get a reaction started

Smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound

Atom that has a positive or negative charge

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

The center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons

Simple sugar molecule

Molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

Negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

Type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Substance that is dissolved in a solution

Dissolving substance in a solution

Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

One of several forms of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

Subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic

Mixture of water and nondissolved material

A compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

A compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH

A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7