WorksheetsYamamoto et al (Chimpanzee helping)
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
The two target behaviors investigated in the study are ...
targeted helping
chimpanzee's theory or mind
chimpanzee's use of tools vs non tools
conspecific
Member of the same species is called ...
(a)
To give help without direct advantage to oneself is the definition of ...
(a)
The main research method used in this experiment is ...
(a)
The study used (a) design in this experiment.
Each trial involved ... chimpanzees
(a)
The order of conditions presented in each trial was ...
can see, can't see
can't see, can see
can see, can't see, can see
can't see, can see, can't see
Which condition allows targeted helping?
can see
can't see
How many trials were done in this study?
48
24
3
2
There are two possible task situations, they are ...
stick - use
straw - use
can't see
can see
Trial began when ...
a chimpanzee entered the booth
both chimpanzees entered their booths
tray of objects was presented
The two possible scenarios of ending a trial are ...
no offer happened after five minutes
recipient received object
both conditions were successfully completed
correct tools offered
Which two affect the validity of the study?
standardized procedure
control over extraneous variables
procedure to control order effect
very small sample
Which factors affect generalisability?
number of sample
sample too homogenous
standardized procedure
control over extraneous variables
Standardized procedure increases ...
reliability
validity
generalisability
Ayumu exert more effort to see what the other chimpanzee need. This is an evidence of ...
individual differences
situational variable
Two conclusions of the study are ...
The chimpanzees were able to display altruism
The chimpanzees demonstrated the ability in Theory of Mind
Chimpanzees are capable of targeted helping
Chimpanzees offered help mainly in spontaneus manner
The graph shows that chimpanzees are more accurate with targeted helping in ... condition
can see
can't see
The graph shows that chimpanzees are more accurate with targeted helping in ... condition
can see
can't see
Which condition produced most "No offer" occurence?
Can see - Stick required
Can see - Straw required
Can't see - Stick required
Can't see - Straw required
The chosen experimental design has positive impact on the validity by ...
reducing participants' variables
reducing order effects
making it replicable
improving ecological validity
Chimpanzees' helping behavior suggest altruism because ...
helpers didn't get the juice
personal relationship between pairs
it was targeted helping
helpers can't see what tool was needed
Give two ways the researchers operationalize an "offer"?
first tool offered
chimpanzee held out an object
tool accepted by another chimpanzee
reward obtained
A trial is ended by one of these two possibilities ...
tool received
five minutes passed
helper chose the right tool
tray of tools were presented
Percentage of objects offer are higher in ...
can see condition
can't see condition
Sticks & straws are popular first offers. This suggests that ...
chimpanzees can identify potential tools
chimpanzees will help without direct benefit
chimpanzees have ToM ability
chimpanzees may have been trained exclusively with both tools
Chimpanzees were able to select the correct tool. This suggests that ...
Helping was targeted, not random
Chimpanzees demonstrates ToM toward conspecifics' need
Bias from former training
Personal relationship between helper & recipient plays role in their helping behavior
Name the chimpanzee who was not able to offer the right tool until an item he kept offering was removed from the tray.
(a)
Name the chimpanzee who outperformed the others in can't see condition because he made extra effort to assess the situation.
(a)
The chosen research method exert high controls in the trials. This improves ...
validity
reliability
generalisability
Procedure was highly standardized, this improves ...
reliability
validity
generalisability
The study's ecological validity is questioned for two reasons:
artificial environment
tasks are not in the nature of the species
too much human intervention
chimpanzees are intelligent
One chimpanzee offered mainly brush first. This suggests ...
bias from former training
personal interest of item
researchers' bias in data
definition of tools are not operationalised
If only they had two observers for every trial, the study will improve in
reliability
validity
ecological validity
generalisability
Identify the sampling method used in the study.
opportunity
volunteer
random
Which one of the following statements about the procedure is NOT true?
the task required either a stick or straw
there were 48 trials for each condition
each trial ended after the correct tool had been offered
7 objects were placed into the booth of the helper chimp
Which of the statements about Yamamoto et al's chimpanzees is NOT true?
They were reared in the primate research lab at Kyoto University
They were tested in mother/child pairs
They were familiarised with 7 objects prior to the study.
They gave spontaneous help to conspecifics.
Which of the following is not an item located in the box given to the helper chimpanzee?
straw
lock
brush
hose
In the 'can-see' condition, objects were offered in _____of the trials.
31%
61%
91%
94%
In the familiarisation phase of the Yamamoto et al study, chimpanzees were allowed to
freely manipulate and explore the items used in trials
manipulate and explore items not in the trials
pass items back and forth to conspecifics while exploring the booth
use items to complete the tasks in the trials
Why was the 3rd trial 'can see' necessary?
To obtain more data
to reduce the chance of order effects
to test the different theories
to reduce the chance of demand characteristics
Which of the following evaluation points presents a strength in Yamamoto et al study?
strong generalisability
standardised procedure
high in mundane realism
use of independent measures design
Which of the following points represent a weakness in Yamamoto et al's study?
few controls
repeated measures reduces chance of participant variables
low generalisability
high in ecological validity
Name two other studies which can be linked to Yamamoto et al's research.
Piliavin and Laney
Canli and Andrade
Baron-Cohen and Bandura
Piliavin and Baron-Cohen
Which chimpanzee is this?
Ayumu
Chloe
Pal
Pan
