The factors which place ports in a strategic position to become more productive

are:

i. Maritime transport remains the major mode of transport for international trade.

ii. Ports are strategic places to bridge the gap between production factors It is for this reason that steel works and metallurgical industries are often built in the port areas as are export industries.

iii. Ports remain the most important interface between different modes of transport in international trade.

iv. Producer modified its distribution system to an accurate and staggered bulk delivery.

Port management varies from ______ to _________

i. Port to port

ii. Country to country

iii. People to people

iv. Ship to ship

Shipping companies in ports rely on many players:

i. Port itself

ii. Pilots

iii. Towage / Tug services

iii. Ship repairers, provisioning

How could ports reduce ship-in-port emissions?

i. Reducing the port time of the ship (time the ship stays in port)

ii. Provision of cleaner fuels to the ship

iii. Provision of shore connection to ships

iv. Proper ship loading with due consideration for air emissions