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Review for PMA 1 Environmental Science

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 2hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

SC.912.N.1.2 Describe and explain what characterizes science and its methods.


SC.912.N.2.2 Identify which questions can be answered through science and which questions are outside the boundaries of scientific investigation, such as questions addressed by other ways of knowing, such as art, philosophy, and religion.


What is the difference between Ecology and Environmental Science?

a)

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environments.; and environmental science is the study of how the natural world works, and how humans and the environment affect each other.

b)

Ecology studies nature; environmental science studies an organism only

c)

Ecology is the study of an organism and environmental science does not study any organisms

d)

None of these answers are correct

2.

Sustainability is defined as…

a)

1) Consuming at a rate to satisfy the current generation.

b)

2) Rapidly increasing resource consumption over time.

c)

3) Maintaining a rate of resource consumption that will allow the population to survive indefinitely.

d)

4) Not consuming any resources at all.

3.

What is made up of all the living and nonliving things which an organism interacts with?

a)

1) Atmosphere

b)

2) Water Supply

c)

3) Environment

d)

4) Soil

4.

A natural resource that is naturally formed much more slowly than we use it is called

a)

1) renewable

b)

2) ecological

c)

3) non-renewable

d)

4) sustainable

5.

SC.912.N.1.1

Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge, for example: biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space science.


Which of these contains steps in the right order?

a)

Ask a question, state your hypothesis, research, experiment, analyze, make a conclusion

b)

State your hypothesis, ask a question, research, experiment, analyze, make a conclusion

c)

Ask a question, research, state your hypothesis, experiment, analyze, make a conclusion

d)

State your hypothesis, ask a question, research, make a conclusion, experiment, analyze

6.
This variable in an experiment is the one being deliberately changed by the scientist. 
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
data
d)
control group
7.
This part of the experiment serves as a basis of comparison; the one variable being tested has been omitted. 
a)
experimental group
b)
control group
c)
data
d)
variables
8.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid: water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, the independent variable is ...
a)
The type of plant
b)
The amount of sunlight
c)
The type of music
d)
The type of liquid
9.
Rene grew bacteria from the mouth on special plates in the laboratory.  She placed drops of different mouthwashes on bacteria on each plate.
a)
recognize a problem
b)
test the hypothesis with an experiment
c)
form a hypothesis   
d)
draw conclusions
10.

SC.912.L.18.12

Discuss the special properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability as an environment for life: cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent.


Water striders can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, but they do not break the surface. Why?

a)

The insects are light enough so they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together

b)

The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water’s surface and they only skim it with their feet.

c)

The insect’s feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water’s surface.

d)

The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next

11.
Why does ice float?
a)
As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.
b)
As water freezes, it takes up more hydrogen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
c)
As water freezes, air becomes trapped between the hydrogen bonds of water molecules.
d)
As water freezes, it takes up more oxygen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
12.
Water is polar because...
a)
The unequal sharing of electrons gives the water molecule a slight negative charge near its oxygen atom and a slight positive charge near its hydrogen atoms.
b)
The molecule has two poles, at which the it is colder than other regions of the molecule.
c)
The unequal sharing of electrons gives the water molecule a slight negative charge near its hydrogen atoms and a slight positive charge near its oxygen atom.
d)
The water molecule is neutral.
13.
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
a)
Water expands as it freezes.
b)
Water is an excellent solvent.
c)
Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
d)
Water is able to moderate temperature.
14.
 Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?
a)
The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
b)
The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet
c)
The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface
d)
The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
15.

SC.912.E.7.1

Analyze the movement of matter and energy through the different biogeochemical cycles, including water and carbon.

SC.912.L.17.10

Diagram and explain the biogeochemical cycles of an ecosystem, including water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle.


Nitrogen that is not combined with other elements and found in the atmosphere as gas is _____.

a)

free nitrogen

b)

nitrogen compounds

c)

ammonia

d)

nitrates

16.
Why do living things need nitrogen?
a)
To get energy
b)
To make amino acids
c)
To make proteins
d)
To make proteins AND amino acids
17.

Denitrifying bacteria

a)

Turn nitrogen gas into nitrates so that plants can synthesize amino acids.

b)

Turn nitrates into nitrites so that nitrogen fixing bacteria can synthesize DNA.

c)

Returns nitrogen into the atmosphere in the form of N2 gas.

d)

Use phosphorus as fertilizer.

18.
In the carbon cycle, producers take in the gas __
a)
carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon monoxide
19.
When nitrogen gas is turned in to a form that plants and animals can use is called 
a)
Combustion
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Decomposition
d)
Nitrogen Fixation
20.

Snow, sleet, ice, hail, and rain are examples of _____

a)

evaporation

b)

condensation

c)

precipitation

d)

ground water

21.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
22.

SC.912.L.17.19

Describe how different natural resources are produced and how their rates of use and renewal limit availability.

SC.912.L.17.11

Evaluate the costs and benefits of renewable and nonrenewable resources, such as water, energy, fossil fuels, wildlife, and forests.


Rainwater flows over land without sinking into the soil.

a)

runoff

b)

spring

c)

groundwater

d)

aqueduct

23.

All are ways human lives are impacted because of changing water resources. Which of the following is an example of a POSITIVE impact?

a)

Dried up rivers/seas can mean that people lose fishing jobs

b)

Dust storms from the newly dried area can impact breathing and air quality

c)

Dried up rivers/seas can mean loss of farmland and income

d)

Water is able to reach farms and towns further away from a river, opening up more places for people to live

24.
The geological layer, consisting of underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock, where groundwater flows, is called
a)
zone of saturation
b)
aquifer
c)
the water table
d)
surface water
25.
Rainwater that flows over land without sinking into the soil.
a)
runoff
b)
spring
c)
groundwater
d)
aqueduct
26.

SC.912.L.15.13

Describe the conditions required for natural selection, including: overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the struggle to survive, which result in differential reproductive success


____ is when members of a species that are best suited for their environment survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other members of the species

a)

natural selection

b)

artificial selection

c)

speciation

d)

adaptation

27.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
advantages.
d)
theories.
28.
Antibiotics are frequently given to humans that have strep throat. Why might this practice be considered a problem?
a)
Antibiotics will have more side effects
b)
The human body can metabolize the antibiotic to quickly, not allowing the antibiotic to reach the bacteria.
c)
A mutation can occur in the bacteria making it resistant to the antibiotic.
d)
Nothing will happen. It takes thousands of years for bacteria to evolve and become antibiotic resistant.
29.
Individuals who are considered fit, have:
a)
Stronger genes
b)
Fewer mutations
c)
More food
d)
More offspring
30.

Changes in inherited characteristics can cause a species to change into a new one. This change over time is called?

a)

Graduation

b)

Revolution

c)

Selective breeding

d)

Evolution

31.

A grizzly bear survives because he is well-adapted to his environment. When he reproduces he passes on those traits to his offspring. this process is called

a)

Natural selection

b)

Random mutations

c)

Selective breeding

d)

Variations in a species

32.

Which of the following is a factor in natural selection?

a)

Individuals of species compete with one another to survive.

b)

All species are genetically diverse.

c)

Individuals better able to adapt to changes leave more offspring.

d)

All of the above.

33.

The Asian shore crab invaded parts of the eastern coast of the United States about 15 years ago. The Asian shore crab preys on blue mussels. In the time since the Asian shore crab arrived, the average shell thickness of the blue mussel population has increased.

Which of the following is the most likely reason that this increase in shell thickness has occurred?

a)

Blue mussels with thick shells attract more crabs that mussels without thick shells.

b)

Blue mussels with thick shells grow in larger colonies than mussels without thick shells.

c)

Blue mussels with thick shells catch more food per day than mussels without thick shells.

d)

Blue mussels with thick shells survive and reproduce more successfully than mussels without thick shells.

34.

SC.912.L.17.6

Compare and contrast the relationships among organisms, including predation, parasitism, competition, commensalism, and mutualism.


Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

competition

d)

parasitism

35.
A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
parasitism
c)
commensalism
d)
competition
36.
What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
37.
Which symbols best describe parasitism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
38.
When a mosquito bites you, you are the __________ and the mosquito is the  ____________.
a)
host, hostess
b)
parasite, host
c)
host, parasite
d)
prey, predator
39.
An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
a)
Predator
b)
Prey
c)
Competition
d)
Adaptation
40.

E. Coli is a bacteria that lives in the gut of humans. The human provides the ideal habitat for e coli reproduction and the e coli provides the extra vitamin K that we use.

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

41.

Remoras attach themselves to a shark’s body. They travel with the shark and feed on the leftover food scraps after the shark has finished its meal, not taking any food from the shark or slowing it down when swimming.

a)

symbiosis

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

42.

SC.912.L.17.9

Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels.


The relationship between ALL the organisms in a community showing who eats whom is called a ___________________________.

a)

Food Web

b)

Food Chain

c)

Abiotic Factors

d)

Biotic Factors

43.
Recently, a family of bobcats moved into an area with a large rabbit population. What changes may occur in the ecosystem?
a)
The rabbit population may increase
b)
The rabbit population may decrease
c)
The rabbit population may increase first, then decrease
d)
The rabbit population will remain the same
44.
A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologist observed. Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?
a)
There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels.
b)
There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels. 
c)
There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have. 
d)
There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.
45.
The framework of organic molecules essential to all organisms is composed mainly of carbon atoms. Which processes are involved in the cycling of carbon within an environment? 
a)
photosynthesis and respiration
b)
evaporation and condensation
c)
transcription and translation
d)
diffusion and transpiration
46.

Which of the following statements is true about natural systems?

a)

Consumers form the bottom levels of both the energy pyramid and the biomass pyramid.

b)

Producers are at the bottom level of both the energy pyramid and the biomass pyramid.

c)

Consumers are at the second level of the energy pyramid, but at the top of the biomass pyramid.

d)

Producers are at third level of the energy pyramid, but at the top of the biomass pyramid.

47.
Jill made the table below during her research on aquatic zones and living organisms.  Based on Jill’s observations, which conclusion could you draw?
a)
Organisms in the intertidal zone must be able to withstand very cold water.
b)
There are no producers in the benthic zone that rely on photosynthesis
c)
There are no producers in the benthic zone that rely on photosynthesis
d)
The warm water and abundant sunlight in the nertic zone limits the plankton population.