WorksheetsPropulsion - Whole book
Total questions: 162
Worksheet time: 2hrs 59mins
What is the formula for work?
Work = Force x Distance
Work = (Force x Distance) / Time
Work = Force x Mass
An object with stored energy due to it's position is know as?
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Fluid energy
What is considered to be called a "constant pressure cycle"?
Brayton cycle
Otto cycle
Engine pressure ratio
If there is 100% airflow going through the air inlet of a turbofan engine, how much is then going to be absorbed by the compressor?
100%
50%
Undefined
How is energy from the exhaust in turboshaft used?
Drive an output shaft
Create thrust for the aircraft
Drive a propeller
A radial outflow compressor is also know as?
Centrifugal flow compressor
Axial flow compressor
Diffuser
What is used in an engine to isolate it incase of a fire emergency?
LPSOV
HPSOV
LP Switch
What type of flow is output by a low pressure fuel pump?
Centrifugal flow
Axial flow
Compressed flow
How does a fuel heater prevent the blockage of the LP fuel filter from ice?
Hot oil from engine lubrication
Hot fuel from the fuel tank
HPSOV pumping the fuel through creating additional heat
What is the purpose of the differential pressure switch?
Detects icing on the LP fuel filter
Ensures correcting volume of fuel is being dumped in the dump valve
Ensures the FCU is operating correctly
What is the major difference between a spur gear pump and a multiple piston pump?
Spur gear pump operates constantly while multiple piston operates by varying the output.
Spur gear pump contains a drive/pump shaft while multiple piston does not.
Spur gear pumps are much more efficient in operation than a multiple piston pump.
What does the constant volume pump use to maintain pressure in case of excessive containination?
Bypass valve
Fuel pump
LPSOV
Where is the highest point of pressure in an engine?
Combustor
Compressor
Exhaust
Duplex nozzles use what to control flow?
FCU return valve
LPSOV
HPSOV
What is the purpose of having the drain line at the lowest or bottom point of the system?
Prevent fire and sludge formation
Ease of access for engineer or operator to remove
Becomes easily visible to the pilot during flight
What ratio of fuel is used in a combustor for cooling?
65%
45%
85%
How many sections are in a turbine engine?
5
6
7
Where is the location of the piezoelectric probe that is used to measure vibration?
Right angle to the trubine
On the exhaust
Centre of the compressor
In a hydropneumatic fuel control system, when the governor valve is closed, what does the acceleration control pressure (Px) and governor pressure (Py) do to the compressor pressure (Pc)?
Increase
Decrease
No effect
What does the power lever directly drive in a hydrochemical fuel control system?
Flight weight speeder spring
Governor drive
Sliding cap
What is the major difference between Supervisory electronic engine control and Full advisory engine control?
There is no mechanical linkage from the power levers to the engine.
Supervisor is much more safer than FADEC.
FADEC does not have a rating plug attached to the system.
What type of measurement is taken for reading a ratiometer?
Resistance
Voltage
Inductance
Why are thermocouple probes connected in parallel?
Get an average EMF
Safety of the circuit
Chromel wiring are connect in series
Which part of a low joule HEIU system can potentially lethal?
Reservoir capacitor
Discharge capacitor
Rectifier
Which one of these is used in a FADEC subsystem for redundancy?
Control alternator
Electronic engine control
Supervisory electronic engine control system
A body at rest tends to stay at rest unless changed by an external force.
Newton's first law
Newton's second law
Newton's Thrid law
F=MA or the acceleration of a body is proportional to the force causing it, and INVERSLY proportional to the mass to the body.
Newton's first law
Newton's second law
Newton's thrid law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton's first law
Newton's second law
Newton's thrid law
Which law is used to determine excatly the amount of thrust achieved by the gas turbine engine?
Newton's first law
Newton's second law
Newton's third law
In the centre of a venturi velocity and pressure
V=increase, Pressure=decrease
V=decrease, Pressure=increase
V=increase, Pressure= increase
Gas flowing through a convergent duct - subsonic airflow
V=increasing, P=decreasing, T=decreaseing
P=increasing, V=decreasing, T=decreaseing
V=increasing, P=decreasing, T=increasing
Gas flowing through a divergent duct - subsonic airflow
V=decreasing, P=increasing, T=increasing
P=decreasing, V=increasing, T=increasing
V=decreasing, P=increasing, T=decreasing
When is there an exception to the venturi principle?
Gas at the speed of sound (sonic)
Gas below the speed of sound (subsonic)
There is no exception
Fuel pumps, hydraullic pumps, electrical generator and other engine accesories are driven by?
Driveshaft
Combustion chamber
Exhaust system
Which type of trubojet has very low propulsive efficiency, high specific fuel consumption and an underible noise level.
Single spool axial
Twin spool axial
Multi spool axial
Which type of compressor was designed for high compression ratios, quick acceleration, better control of stall characteristics.
Dual and triple spool axial
Single spool axial
Quadriple spool axial
The ratio of the mass airflow which flows through the fan duct, divided by the mass airflow which flows through the core of the engine is?
Fan Bypass radio
Axial bypass ratio
Spool bypass ratio
A ______ accelerates a large quantity of air rearwards at a low rate
propeller
jet engine
piston engine
A _____ accelerates a small quatity of air rearwards at a high rate.
propeller
jet engine
piston engine
Which type of engine is more efficient than a pure turbo jet as the princliple is more akin to that of a propeller, in that is accelerates a relatively large mass of air at a low rate.
High bypass
Medium bypass
Low bypass
Approx what percentage of the thrust produced in a twin spool high bypass engine is from the bypass air ducting?
80%
70%
90%
Which tyoe of engine is used to drive any industrial application that require high torque output?
Turboshaft
Turboprop
Turbofan
Which engine uses a mulitstage turbine and planetary reduction gear.
Turboprop
Turbofan
Turboshaft
Single large disc engines must be restricted in rpm due to which high load on the disc?
Centripetal
Centrifugal
Gravitiational
Why is planetary gearing selected for the reduction gear?
High degree of speed reduction and propeller shaft and thrust lines remain on the same line as the compressor and turbine shafts.
Ability to withstand high pressures and rotate freely.
High degree of robustness and ability to act as a redundant unit.
Which type of engine does the propeller shaft and thurst lines lay on the same centre line as the compressor casuing minimal interference with the entry of the air into the air intake?
Turboprop
Turboshaft
Turbojet
Which engine is all the energy in the gases absorbed by the turbines and tranformed into rotational force or torque with little or no thrust produced in the exhaust?
Turboprop
Turboshaft
Turbojet
Which part of an engine operate on the priniple of acceleration of a working fluid followed by diffusion to convert aquired kinetic energy to a pressure rise?
Compressor
Turbine
Combustion
The primary purose of which engine section is to increase the pressure of the mass of air entering the engine inlet the discharge it to the diffuser/
Compressor
Combustor
Exhaust
Compressor efficency is based on the priniple of maximum compression with minimal temperature rise. Temperatre rise is caused by?
Speed of rotation and torque
Humidity and motion
Compression and friction
What engine component secondary purpose is to supply engine service bleed air to cool hot section parts, pressurise bearing seals, supply heated air for the inlet anit-icing and fuel system heat for de-icing?
Compressor
Combustion section
Exhaust section
Which compressor type has the advantges of light weight, basic construction and ruggedness/
Centrifugal
Axial
Which part of an axial flow compressor is placed at the rear to decrease velocity and raising temperature as well as directing the airflow to the net stage compression at the desired angle?
Stator
Rotor
How many stages of compression are in an axial flow compressor?
10-18
4-9
16-27
Which section of an engine contains a fuel injection system, ignition source and fuel drainage system?
Compressor section
Combustion section
Turbine section
The function of which section is to add heat energy to flowing gases, expanding and accelerating gases into the turbine section?
Compressor section
Combustion section
Turbine section
What is important to do to reduce the possibilty of exceeding turbine inlet temperatures due to an engine fire after shutdown and to prevent gum deposits in the fuel manifold, nozzles and combustion chambers?
Fuel drainage
Engine wash
Burning leftover fuel
Approx what percentage of incoming air is designated to the primary and seconday paths?
40-50% primary and 50-60% secondary
20-30% primary and 70-80% secondary
10-20% primary and 80-90% secondary
Which section of an engine carried out the task of extracting energy from the hot gases released from the combustion system and expanding them to a lower pressure and temperature?
Compressor section
Combustion section
Turbine section
What is required at the first stages of the stator vanes and rotor blades?
Cooling
Heating
Evaporation
The turbine inlet temperature, mass airflow through the engine and velocity and pressure of the exhaust jet are all effected by which aspect of the exhaust section?
shape and size
thickness and curvature
type of material
Which section of an engine is to collect the gas flow, straighten it and increase its velocity?
Compressor section
Combustor section
Exhaust section
Which section of an engine is used to power both engines and aircraft accessories such as generators, hydraulic pumps, fuel pumps, oil pumps and act as a reservoir and housing the accessory drive gears?
Exhaust section
Accessory section
Turbine section
The accessory drive location is selected to keep the engine profile to a minimum for?
Streamlining
Weight savings
Accessability
What can be caused by a sudden increase in pressure at the combstion chamber end of the compressor or blockage at the inlet compressor?
Blade stall
Surge
Blade fracture
A stall through the compressor (the whole spool stalls) is called?
A surge
A flux
A spike
As there is no counter EMF in a torque motor the coils are made of many turns of fine wire increasing resistance and limiting?
current
voltage
power
The EEC acting in a supervisory capacity modulates?
Engine fuel flow to maintain the designed thrust.
Engine oil pressure to maintain the designed thrust.
Engine N2 torque to maintain the designed thrust.
In a system with an EEC, when a problem developes the control automatically reverts to which system?
Hydromechanical
Electromechanical
Hydraulicmechincal
Bases on the input signals to the EEC, the output signals adjust and control?
ignition circuits
pressure valves
rpm gauge
The hydromechincal unit is connector to what to ensure fuel control in case of a failure of the EEC?
power lever
ignition unit
feather lever
The hydromechincal unit is comprised of?
stepper motor controlled by the HMU
A lever which controls fuel shutoff
A lever which controls fuel pressure
Power for the EEC comes from?
Electrical system or PMA
Hot battery bus
Back up power supply
If the EEC has a double channel failure
The engine will not start and exciters can only be powered by EEC command
Fuel flow will be restricted to the engine
The batteries will be shut down to prevent the engine(s) turning on
Reduced crew workload, increased and improved reliability and reduced fuel consumption are all benefits of?
FADEC
ECU
EEC
Which two engine indications will the pilot need to monitor to set the target thurst in a FADEC system?
EPR and N1
EPR and N2
RPM and Manifiold pressure
What will allow the engine to work nearer to the surge line thus increasing thrust whilst reducing the chance of surge or stall in a FADEC system?
Optimising airflow
Optimising fuel flow
Limiting fuel flow
What type of control likage is there none of from the power levers to the engine?
Mechanical
Electrical
Torque tubes
Which system elmiates the need for engine rigging and trimming?
FADEC
EEC
APU
To achieve stable running, in all the engine conditions, the FCU maintains a correct combustion zone air-to-fuel mixture ratio of?
15:1
14:1
13:1
The control of the power of the gas turbine engine is achived by regualting?
The quantity of fuel injected into the combustion system
The flow rate of fuel injected into the combustion system
The pressure of fuel injected into the combustion system
The relationship between the airflow induced through the engine and the fuel supplied is complicated by changes in?
Altitude, air temp and speed
Humidity and moisture
operation of the compression section
Throttle movement, air temp and pressure, rapid acceleration and deceleration and signals of engine gas temp and compressor delivery are all part of a servo system controlling?
Fuel flow of the spray nozzles
Fuel pressure of the spray nozzles
Fuel quantity of the spray nozzles
What are the two ways in which a HP fuel pump is varied?
Varying piston stroke and recirculating excess fuel delivery back to pump inlet
Control change of the power lever
Reignition of the starting circuit
During acceleration fuel flow must be held proportionate to the amount of?
Air
Oil
EPR
The ECU ID plugged into a connector and attached to where on the engine?
Engine fan case
Engine terminals
Engine control levers
If two channels on a EEC have equal health status?
Channels will alternate active/standby status on each engine shutdown
Only one channel will remain active until a fault persists
One channel will stay active after 3 engine shut downs, then it will go into standby and the other channel will be active for 3 engine shut downs.
EEC will go iinto a soft revisionary mode using the last known ambient pressure signal or hard revisionary mode which uses a fixed reference ambient temperature for the engine is an example of?
Redundancy
Failsafe
Bypass
The EEC is provided with feedback valves and actuators fitted with duel?
Linear variable differntial transformer sensors
Inductance sensors
Wheatstone brige sensors
The HMU provides an interface between the EEC signal and fuel flow achived by what which controls the fuel supply to the nozzles?
EHSV or torque motors
Linear variable differential transformers
Shut off valves
The EEC is equipt with what to provide maintence information and tests the engines capabilities by an interface monitoring unit?
BITE
Ethernet connections
Self intuitive computers
What spray pattern helps prevent engine flameout in rain and snow conditions?
Strong spray
Weak spray
Trickle spray
What occurs when engine thrust command is reduced during decent?
Low fuel/air ratio
High fuel/air ratio
Medium fuel/air ratio
What dumps air not required for efficient engine performance from the output of the LP compressor in the engine bypass duct?
Variable bypass valve (LP bleed air solenoid valve)
Inlet guide vanes
Variable stator vanes
The variable bypass valve is open at low rpm when the air is not required and usually fully closed above what N1 value?
80%
70%
60%
What controls the angle of attack of the compressor blades and can adjust the airflow into the compressor?
Movable stator vanes
Inlet guide vanes
Variable bypass valve
What is controlled by the EEC to ensure maximum efficency and reliability of the engine?
Active clearence control
Inlet guide vanes
Linear variable differnetial transformer
What type of clearance changes are due to uniform loading on the stationary or rotating structures that create uniform radial displacement?
Axisymmetric
Radialsymmetric
Antisymmetric
Which loads are responisble for the largest radial variations in tip clearance?
Centifugal and thermal loads
Centripetal and thermal loads
Radial and thermal loads
Which loads produce clearance changes by casuing the rotor to expand or contrat during changes in engine acceleration?
Centrifugal
Thermal
Centripetal
Which loads produce both axisymmetric and asymmetric clearance changes due to ther thermal expansion of the stationary and rotating structures?
Centrifugal
Thermal
Centripetal
Temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions and circuit resistance determine what in a thermocouple?
Amplitude of current
Amplitude of voltage
Amplitude of frequency
Which thermocouple is general purpose, smaller temperature range and shorter lifespan at higher temps with the positive leg iron and negative leg constantan alloy?
Type J
Type K
Type T
Which thermocouple provides the widest operating temperature range and the postive leg is a non-magnetic and negative leg magnetic?
Type J
Type K
Type T
Which thermocouple is best suited at low temps and low temp environments consisting of postive leg copper and negative leg Cu-Ni alloy wire?
Type J
Type K
Type T
Which system has resistors to adjust the parallel resiatnce of the thermocouple section to the value required by the system?
EGT
CHT
TIT
Which probes are mounted in the tail pipe and are connected in parallel so that their output is averaged?
CHT
EGT
TIT
Which thermocouples may be either single or duel hot junctioins?
EGT
CHT
TIT
Which type of EGT provided additional identical hot jusction which gives a signal to an electronic fuel control for schedulling purposes or to test connection for calibrating the EGT circuit/
Single
Duel
Tripple
All thermocouple probes are connected in what to read an average EMF?
Series
Parallel
Combination
What is used to calibrate the system since the lengths of wires from the sensors to the indicators is critical and compensates for ambient air temperatures in an EGtT system?
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
What is incorporated in the indicator or circuit for an EGT system to prevent variations of cold junctions temperatures?
Automatic temperature compensating device
Resistors
Wire shielding
What type of thermocouple are gas turbine engines fitted with due to the rapid velocty of the jet efflux?
Stagnation type
Rapid response
Slow response
Where is the cold junction within the FADEC for a thermocouple?
EEC
EICAS
ECAM
Which method is used to measure extreme temperatures via infrared radiation given off by the turbine clades at the outlet of the combustion chamber?
Pyrometer
EGT
In a piston engine EGT system, at which temperature will the needle start moving on the gauge?
640 DegC
440 DegC
960 DegC
Which type of CHT probe has the termocouple junction welded directly to the probe shaft, have faster response time, longer life and lower cost?
Grounded
Non-grounded
Open-ended
Which type of CHT probe is is susceptible to more electrical noise?
Grounded
Non-grounded
Open-ended
In a single spool engine, the RPM is measured by a tacogenertor mounted on the?
Accessory gearbox
Drive shaft
Starter generator
On some engines, both N1 and N2 can be measured using a tacho generator, while others N1 may use a?
Inductive pickoff
RPM sensor
Piezoelectric sensor
A magnetic pick up for RPM (phonic wheel sensor) im mounted where on the engine?
In the shroud around the fan
On the fan case
Next to the tacogenerator
Why is there sometimes two impluse tachometers mounted?
Redundancy
Outputs of probes have 90 degree phase shift
Outputs of the probes have 180 degree phase shift
A triple spool engine has an N1 tacometer to indicate?
Fan speed
Intermediate pressure compressor
High pressure compressor
There should be no bend with a radius of less than 6 inchs and no bend within 3 inchs of either end terminal i applicable to which type of tachometer?
Piston engine mechanical
Piston engine digital
Gas turbine
What measures the difference between the compressor inlet pressure and turbine discharge pressure?
EPR
RPM
Hall effect
To calculate the EPR required for take off this is done by?
FMS using the take off weight and length of runway
FMS using fuel required and length of runway
FMS using total weight and length of runway
What is the difference between jet pipe pressure and turbine discharge pressure?
Location of the pitot tube
Signal sent to the gauge
Location of the two pressure zones
Which oil pressure system uses 26VAC from the electrical system and is connected with a hose to the oil pump outlet line to the engine?
Syncho oil pressure
AC inductor oil pressure
Strain gauge
In a strain gauge oil pressure system, the resistance of the strain is detected in which circuit then amplified before being sent to the EEC?
Wheatstone bridge
Capactitor
Inductor
What is a negative to a piezoelectric oil pressure sensor?
Prone to errors from vibration
Prone to noise
Short lifespan
Due to a positive temperature coefficient of resistance in a wheatstone bridge oil temperature system, an open circuit will cause?
Full scale high
Zero
Sporatic readings
In a wheatstone bridge oil temperature system, a full scale low reading will be due to?
open circuit
shorted bulb
closed circuit
What is the disadvantage of a wheatstone bridge oil temperature system?
Any added resistance due to bad connection cause inaccurate readings
The comparitive resistors fail easily
They are less efficient than a ratiometer
In a rotating vane type fuel flow meter, what prevents any electrical transmitter friction from affecting the movement of the vane?
magnetic coupling
potentiometer
rotor
In a rotating vane tyoe fuel flow meter, what is fitted at the top of the fuel chamber to relieve and bypass excess fuel flow when the flow is greater than the capacity of the tranmitter or the vane movemnt becomes jammed and restricts the fuel flow?
Relief valve
Bypass valve
Tranmission valve
What is the puropose of the spring in a turbine type fuel flow measurement?
Prevents the turbine from completing a quater rotation
Prevents the turbine from completing a half rotation
Prevents the turbine from completing a full rotation
Which type of transducer is used to convert the speed of the turbine to an elecctrical signal to be used by an advanced fuel gauge to produce a variety of readouts and warnings in a piston engine fuel flow system?
Hall effect
Piezoelectric
Capacitive
When an engine is idiling, the MAP is likely to be less than how much atmospheric pressure?
One half
One quater
One third
In a MAP gauge, what protects the mechaniism from pulsing and pressure surges?
The choke
The filter
The vent in the case
What is the name for the shaft mounted so that it forms a sleeve around the torque shaft in a torque shaft indication system?
Reference shaft
Solid shaft
Bending shaft
Which part of a torque shaft system is not subject to any torque as it is only connected to the engine?
Reference shaft
Torque shaft
Main shaft
The signals from both pick up assembilies are fed to which part of a torque shaft indication system?
Torque assembly
Phase detector
Torque indicator
What is the first stage of the reduction in a gear axial loading type torque system?
The helical power train drive gear driving the larger diameter gear on the helical torquemeter gear shaft
The smaller diameter gear on the helical torquemeter driving the helical power take off gear shaft
What is used in place of inductive pick off for data transmission in a load cell system?
Carbon brushes
Proximity sensors
Infrared light
What is the advantage of a load cell torque system?
Within 1% accuracy
Long lifespan
Rhobusttness
The flexible drive having a limited wear life - not reccomended to use over more than 25 feet and is limited to a 9-inch bend radius is related to which type of tachometer?
Mechaincal
Electrical
Hyrdualic
Which tachometer is an engine driven, permanent magnet, three phase AC generator which the generator drives a synchornous motor in the indicator?
Mechanical
Electrical
Hyrdraulic
Which aircraft type are most likley to use the inductive pick off/phoic wheel type sensor for torque indication?
turboprop
turbofan
piston
The two accelerometers in an EVM are mounted at which angle to the compressor/turbine shafts?
Right angles
Parallel
Randomly
A series wound electric motor has a high starting torque which is suitable for turning which engine against mechincal friction and cylinder compression?
Piston engine
Gas turbine engine
turboprop
In an inertia engauged jaw clutch electric starting system, why is the slipping fricton cluth incorporated?
Prevent shock loading as the linear motion of the starter jaw becomes rotary motion
Push the starter jaw into engaugement with the engine jaw in the accessory gearbox
To get the starter jaw to reach the end of its travel as it begins to rotate
Starter engaugement with the engine drive during engine start, torque limiting to prevent mechincal damage and starter disengagement from engine drive as speed increases above starter speed are all functions of which component in a Pawl type overrunning
Clutch
Motor
Clutch drive spline
What is the purpose of torque limiting in a pawl type overrunning clutch?
Prevent the starter from applying excessive torque to the engine drive
Prevenst the engine from driving the starter to "self destruct" speed
Maintain a sel-sustaining speed
To ensure a start is not carried out on a single TRU and the engine gauging systems are all powered for the start in all conditions
All DC power systems are powered by one AC generator
All DC power systems are powered by two AC generators
All DC systems are powered by a back up battery
The featuures of the starting control circuit, reverse current relay and generator control panel are all preformed by whcih unit?
GCU
Generator
Bue tie
Light weight and simple and economical operation are all advtanges of which starting system?
Starter generator
Magneto
Pneumatic
In a pneumatic starting system, at what percentaage N2 does the centrifugal switch open?
50%
20%
70%
What prevents the holding relay from re-energising in a pneumatic starting system?
Open starter switch
Centrifugal switch
Air control valve solenoid
Which positions are the igniter plus located on a gas turbine engine?
4 and 8 o clock
2 and 10 o clock
5 and 7 o clock
In FADEC applications a different channel is used consecutive to prevent what on the igniter plug adn ensure integurity?
Carbon build up
Gunk build up
Dicoolouration
The time limit placed on the operation of the ignition system by the manufacturer to prevent heat damage to its components is called?
Duty cycle
Life cycle
Spin cycle
What is used for igniting in extremely cold enviroments?
Glow plug
Flame plugs
Spark plugs
